基于小麦产量与籽粒锰含量的磷肥优化管理

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.09.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To keep the manganese (Mn) nutritional balance of wheat grains and ensure the safety, yield and quality in wheat production region of eight provinces in Northern China, the changes of concentration and accumulation of Mn in wheat grains and grains yield at different levels of soil available phosphorus (P) and different treatments of P fertilization were investigated. 【Method】During 2018-2019, 34-site field experiments were conducted with three P treatments, including farmers’ fertilizer application (FF), recommended fertilizer application based on soil nitrate and P test (RF), and recommended fertilizer application without P (RF-P). The wheat yield, the concentration of Mn in wheat grain were tested, and the effects of P fertilization on wheat yield and the Mn concentration of grain at different levels of soil available P were studied. 【Result】In wheat production region of eight provinces in Northern China, the average wheat yield was 6 066 kg·hm^-2, and the average concentration of Mn in grains was 42 mg·kg^-1. Those test sites with concentration of Mn in grains less than 32 mg·kg^-1 or higher than 44 mg·kg^-1, accounted for 8.8% and 36.8%, respectively, which suggested that the problem of high concentration of Mn in grains should be paid attention to. With the increase of soil available P, both wheat yield and concentration of Mn in grains increased significantly. The wheat yield reached to the highest when the available P was in the range of 20-30 mg·kg^-1, while the concentration of Mn in grains reached to the highest when the available P>40 mg·kg^-1. P fertilizer was reduced with an average of 45.4% under the RF treatment. However, the wheat yields of RF and FF were 6 358 and 6 222 kg·hm^-2, respectively, and the concentration of Mn in grains were 42.8 and 43.6 mg·kg^-1, respectively, which showed no significant difference. At different levels of soil available P, RF could maintain a high wheat yield. When soil available P<10 mg·kg^-1, RF-P reduced not only the concentration of Mn in grains, but also reduced the wheat yield, while RF only reduced the concentration of Mn in grains. RF did not reduce the concentration of Mn in grains under other levels of soil available P. In addition, the concentration of diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid-manganese (DTPA-Mn) in soil increased following the increasing of soil available P. Furthermore, the concentration of Mn in grains were positively correlated with the concentration of soil DTPA-Mn. 【Conclusion】In wheat production region of eight provinces in Northern China, the soil available P should be maintained in the range of 20-30 mg·kg^-1 to achieve high wheat yield and suitable concentration of Mn in grains. The use of RF technology would not reduce the wheat yield. RF-P reduced the concentration of Mn in grains when the soil available P<10 mg·kg^-1, but there was a risk of reducing the wheat yield.

Key words: wheat, available phosphorus concentration, grain yield, phosphorus fertilizer, grain manganese concentration

WANG HaoLin,MA Yue,LI YongHua,LI Chao,ZHAO MingQin,YUAN AiJing,QIU WeiHong,HE Gang,SHI Mei,WANG ZhaoHui. Optimal Management of Phosphorus Fertilization Based on the Yield and Grain Manganese Concentration of Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(9): 1800-1810.

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References 44

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土壤有效磷含量 Soil available P concentration (mg·kg^-1)	穗数Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)				穗粒数Grain per spike				千粒重1000 grain weight (g)
土壤有效磷含量 Soil available P concentration (mg·kg^-1)	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	监控无磷RF-P	平均Average	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	监控无磷RF-P	平均Average	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	监控无磷RF-P	平均Average
<10	447a	435a	401b	428C	30a	28b	25c	28C	44.3a	44.1a	43.9a	44.1B
10—20	442a	428a	398b	424C	33a	35a	35a	34AB	47.6ab	45.8b	48.5a	47.2A
20—30	484a	487a	495a	488B	35a	36a	36a	36A	47.1a	46.1a	47.2a	46.8A
30—40	563a	568a	523a	551B	31a	32a	31a	31BC	41.7a	43.7a	42.4a	42.6B
>40	742ab	775a	725b	747A	29a	31a	29a	30C	34.2b	39.6a	38.7a	37.5C
平均Average	502a	500a	480b		32a	33a	32a		44.7a	44.6a	45.2a

土壤有效磷含量 Soil available P concentration (mg·kg^-1)	籽粒锰吸收量 Grain Mn uptake (g·hm^-2)				地上部锰吸收量 Mn uptake in above ground part (g·hm^-2)				锰收获指数 Mn harvest index (%)
土壤有效磷含量 Soil available P concentration (mg·kg^-1)	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	监控无磷RF-P	平均Average	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	监控无磷RF-P	平均Average	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	监控无磷RF-P	平均Average
<10	252a	242a	215b	236B	542a	514ab	492b	516B	47.6a	45.7a	44.2a	45.9B
10—20	277a	267a	264a	269AB	548a	527a	516a	530B	52.0a	51.9a	51.6a	51.8A
20—30	319a	326a	310b	319A	711ab	724a	648b	694A	44.2a	45.2a	48.0a	45.6B
30—40	258a	269a	260a	262B	570a	554a	602a	575AB	45.3a	50.5a	45.2a	47.0AB
>40	221ab	245a	212b	226B	523b	615a	437c	525B	40.1a	43.9a	47.8a	44.3B
平均Average	273a	273a	255b		583a	582a	534b		47.7a	48.2a	48.0a

土壤有效磷含量 Soil available P concentration ( mg·kg^-1)	施磷量P rate (kg·hm^-2)		土壤有效锰Soil DTPA-Mn concentration (mg·kg^-1)
土壤有效磷含量 Soil available P concentration ( mg·kg^-1)	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	监控无磷RF-P	平均Average
<10	110a	61b	8.5a	7.9a	7.6a	8.0B
10—20	134a	80b	6.5a	6.6a	6.8a	6.6B
20—30	146a	70b	7.9a	7.4a	7.5a	7.6B
30—40	149a	68b	9.3a	10.0a	10.4a	9.9B
>40	114a	68b	39.0a	35.5a	38.1a	37.5A
平均Average	130a	71b	11.3a	10.7a	12.1a
与小麦籽粒锰含量的相关系数 Correlation coefficient with wheat grain Mn concentration			0.940*	0.918*	0.817

Optimal Management of Phosphorus Fertilization Based on the Yield and Grain Manganese Concentration of Wheat

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