杂交稻低播量精准条播育秧机插提高群体均匀度和产量的效应分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.04.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to clarify the beneficial effect of precision drill sowing (PS) in machine transplanting for improving the population uniformity and yield of hybrid rice under low seeding rate, and to establish the theory and technology for machine transplanting with sparse sowing and fewer seedling in machine transplanting with flat seedling of hybrid rice. 【Method】 Indica-japonica hybrid rice ‘Yongyou 1540’ was used in this study, and the experiment was conducted at Chonghua country (Yuhang district) and experimental base of China National Rice Research Inistitute (Fuyang district) at the same time. PS was layout set at 18 horizontal hills×40 vertical hills in the standard seedling tray for machine transplanting. The sowing amount per hill in seedling tray was set as 2.5 seeds (43.2 g/tray, T₁), 3.5 seeds (60.5 g/tray, T₂), and 4.0 seeds (69.1 g/tray, T₃), and the same seeding rates in traditional broadcast sowing (BS) for machine transplanting were set as the control. Then, the seed distribution, seedling quality, machine planting quality, dry matter accumulation in rice population, the uniformity of the number of productive tillers and yield formation were investigated. 【Result】(1) Compared with BS, PS improved the uniformity of seed distribution in seedling tray. (2) PS significantly enhanced rice seedling quality, and increased the dry matter accumulation and uniformity of seedling. PS increased the seedling uniformity by 47.5% on average among different seeding rates than that under BS, which presented a more beneficial effect with low seeding rates. (3) Compared with BS, PS reduced the missing hill percent in machine transplanting by 8.9 percentage point on average, and PS enhanced the uniformity of seedling number transplanted per hill by 87.8% on average, meanwhile, the percentage of hills with 2-3 seedling transplanted was the highest at T₂ under PS. (4) PS increased the number of tillers at tillering peak stage to increase the number of productive panicles in rice population. Among the different seeding rate treatments, PS increased the number of productive tillers by 6.7% on average, meanwhile, which enhanced the uniformity of the number of productive tillers by 40.2%, in which T₂ presented the highest productive tillers and productive tillers uniformity, meanwhile PS enhanced the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of rice population. (5) PS enhanced the rice yield by 9.0% on average compared with BS by increasing in the number of productive tillers, in which T₂ presented the highest yield. With the increasing of seeding rate, the increasing rate of yield under PS in contrast to BS presented a reduction tendency, while a decreasing was observed in the contribution rate of machine-transplanted seedlings to yield. (6) Correlation analysis showed that the population uniformity of the number of productive tillers positive correlated to leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and rice yield. 【Conclusion】Precision drill sowing in machine transplanting improved the uniformity of seed distribution, reduced the missing hill percent, increased the uniformity of seedling transplanted per hill, therefore contributed to enhance the rice population uniformity and yield. Precision drill sowing was an effective method to achieve higher yield with flat seedling in machine transplanting under low seeding rates of hybrid rice.

Key words: hybrid rice, machine transplanting, flat seedling, precision drill sowing, plant distribution uniformity, yield

WANG YaLiang, ZHU DeFeng, CHEN RuoXia, FANG WenYing, WANG JingQing, XIANG Jing, CHEN HuiZhe, ZHANG YuPing, CHEN JiangHua. Beneficial Effects of Precision Drill Sowing with Low Seeding Rates in Machine Transplanting for Hybrid Rice to Improve Population Uniformity and Yield[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(4): 666-679.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Effects of sowing method on seedling quality under different seeding rate treatments"

试验点 Site	播种量 Seeding rate	播种方法 Sowing method	成苗率 Seedling rate (%)	苗高 Seedling height (cm)	叶龄 Leaf age	茎叶干重 Biomass of stem and leaves (mg)	根干重 Root biomass (mg)	茎基宽度 Basal stem width (cm)	秧苗均匀度 Seedling evenness (%)
余杭 Yuhang	T₁	传统撒播 BS	73.0±6.2	16.2±0.1	3.4±0.1	59.8±0.8	16.5±1.0	0.40±0.03	48.0±4.4
	T₁	精准条播 PS	72.7±2.5	15.5±0.4**	3.3±0.1	63.0±1.1**	16.3±0.6	0.41±0.03	84.0±3.6**
	T₂	传统撒播 BS	69.0±2.2	16.1±0.1	3.3±0.1	55.7±2.2	12.0±0.9	0.36±0.03	58.7±4.0
	T₂	精准条播 PS	67.6±4.4	15.5±0.4**	3.3±0.1	64.4±1.2**	16.1±0.2**	0.39±0.03	81.3±2.1**
	T₃	传统撒播 BS	77.3±4.8	16.8±0.1	3.3±0.1	52.9±1.6	12.4±0.9	0.33±0.03	64.0±5.6
	T₃	精准条播 PS	74.6±4.0	16.2±0.3	3.4±0.1	62.7±1.6**	16.1±0.5**	0.34±0.02	81.7±2.3**
富阳 Fuyang	T₁	传统撒播 BS	78.7±4.6	16.1±0.1	3.3±0.1	58.6±2.5	15.5±1.1	0.40±0.03	46.0±3.6
	T₁	精准条播 PS	74.1±5.8	15.7±0.4	3.3±0.0	64.2±0.5**	16.3±0.5	0.42±0.03	84.3±4.0**
	T₂	传统撒播 BS	72.9±3.8	16.4±0.4	3.3±0.1	55.6±1.8	12.4±0.7	0.37±0.05	57.7±6.4
	T₂	精准条播 PS	74.2±5.7	15.8±0.8	3.3±0.1	66.4±1.9**	16.3±0.5**	0.39±0.02	80.3±5.0**
	T₃	传统撒播 BS	71.7±8.8	16.9±0.4	3.3±0.1	52.9±1.0	12.2±0.5	0.30±0.03	60.7±8.6
	T₃	精准条播 PS	72.1±3.8	16.5±0.2	3.4±0.1	62.9±1.0**	16.1±0.5**	0.34±0.02	73.3±1.5**
试验点 Site			0.64	2.05	0.13	0.42	0.53	0.07	0.20
播种量 Seeding rate			1.30	15.44**	0.17	14.69**	39.25**	28.12**	1.12
播种方法 Sowing method			0.37	21.33**	0.84	211.20**	155.05**	7.23*	175.25**
试验点×播种量 Site × Seeding rate			2.11	0.37	0.16	0.29	1.43	0.78	0.40
试验点×播种方法 Site × Sowing method			0.02	0.41	0.01	2.01	1.08	0.41	0.20
播种量×播种方法 Seeding rate × Sowing method			0.13	0.19	1.76	10.79**	34.56**	0.08	18.24**
试验点×播种量×播种方法 Site × Seeding rate × Sowing method			0.37	0.18	0.33	0.43	1.08	0.27	0.31

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 4

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

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试验点 Site	播种量 Seeding rate	播种方法 Sowing method	漏秧率 Missing hill percent (%)	机插苗数 Seedling number transplanted per hill	机插苗数分布 Range of seedling number transplanted per hill	机插苗数均匀度 The evenness of seedling number transplanted per hill	机插2—3苗比例 The ratio of 2-3 seedling transplanted per hill (%)
余杭 Yuhang	T₁	传统撒播 BS	11.7±1.4	1.8±0.2	0-6	33.3±4.0	35.8±2.9
	T₁	精准条播 PS	6.7±1.4**	1.8±0.1	0-4	56.5±2.9**	61.7±7.6**
	T₂	传统撒播 BS	15.0±2.5	2.4±0.1	0-8	25.7±1.7	39.0±7.7
	T₂	精准条播 PS	3.3±1.4**	2.4±0.2	0-4	54.7±4.5**	73.3±7.2**
	T₃	传统撒播 BS	10.8±2.9	3.1±0.5	0-11	42.3±2.1	35.8±2.9
	T₃	精准条播 PS	1.7±1.4**	3.1±0.1	0-6	59.5±4.1**	42.3±2.1**
富阳 Fuyang	T₁	传统撒播 BS	12.7±1.7	2.0±0.2	0-7	19.7±10.2	34.3±5.1
	T₁	精准条播 PS	3.2±0.5**	2.0±0.0	0-4	58.1±5.0**	66.7±5.8**
	T₂	传统撒播 BS	12.0±1.1	2.6±0.1	0-8	30.4±10.1	40.0±5.0
	T₂	精准条播 PS	1.2±1.0**	2.4±0.2	0-4	62.3±5.1**	76.7±2.9**
	T₃	传统撒播 BS	7.5±0.7	2.9±0.4	0-11	39.4±1.1	36.0±3.6
	T₃	精准条播 PS	0.2±0.3**	3.1±0.1	0-6	67.0±2.8**	45.0±5.0
试验点 Site			16.2**	0.6	—	0.2	10.70**
播种量 Seeding rate			17.3**	98.8**	—	15.6**	7.01**
播种方法 Sowing method			296.3**	0.1	—	249.9**	324.31**
试验点×播种量 Site × Seeding rate			0.7	1.5	—	0.7	30.67**
试验点×播种方法 Site × Sowing method			0.3	0.3	—	7.3*	1.11
播种量×播种方法 Seeding rate × Sowing method			5.4**	1.2	—	4.1	17.95**
试验点×播种量×播种方法 Site × Seeding rate × Sowing method			3.6	0.7	—	0.1	6.21**

试验点 Site	播种量 Seeding rate	播种方式 Sowing method	有效穗数 Productive panicle number (×10⁵·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 The number of spikelets per panicle	结实率 Spikelet fertility rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)
余杭 Yuhang	T₁	传统撒播 BS	22.5±0.3	270.2±4.0	82.4±0.9	23.5±0.1	11.8±0.3
	T₁	精准条播 PS	24.9±0.8**	275.2±8.2	81.9±1.1	23.6±0.2	13.2±0.3**
	T₂	传统撒播 BS	23.7±1.0	272.9±7.2	82.2±1.0	23.7±0.1	12.6±0.4
	T₂	精准条播 PS	25.8±0.4**	273.7±3.0	83.4±2.0	23.6±0.2	13.9±0.3**
	T₃	传统撒播 BS	23.3±0.1	268.0±7.7	82.5±0.9	23.5±0.1	12.1±0.5
	T₃	精准条播 PS	25.2±1.4**	261.9±7.4	82.5±0.9	23.5±0.1	12.8±0.2
富阳 Fuyang	T₁	传统撒播 BS	17.9±0.3	249.7±9.8	82.5±0.9	23.7±0.1	8.7±0.1
	T₁	精准条播 PS	18.7±0.2**	250.2±12.5	82.5±0.9	23.7±0.1	9.1±0.5**
	T₂	传统撒播 BS	18.1±0.5	248.7±6.4	81.9±0.3	23.5±0.1	8.9±0.2
	T₂	精准条播 PS	20.6±0.4**	255.2±2.8	81.3±0.6	23.6±0.1	10.1±0.2**
	T₃	传统撒播 BS	17.9±0.5	256.4±3.0	83.2±2.2	23.4±0.0	8.9±0.2
	T₃	精准条播 PS	19.1±0.4**	250.2±7.8	82.1±1.2	23.7±0.1	9.5±0.5
试验点 Site			515.07**	53.12**	0.4	0.08	951.96**
播种量 Seeding rate			5.98**	0.24	0.26	2.3	9.18**
播种方法 Sowing method			55.78**	0.2	0.16	2.7	66.48**
试验点×播种量 Site × Sowing rate			0.48	3.4	1.45	1.61	0.16
试验点×播种方法 Site × Sowing method			0.85	0.23	0.89	2.61	0.2
播种量×播种方法 Seeding rate × Sowing method			1.03	0.79	0.37	1.9	3.83^*
试验点×播种量×播种方法 Site × Seeding rate × Sowing method			0.99	0.51	0.67	2.61	0.12

Beneficial Effects of Precision Drill Sowing with Low Seeding Rates in Machine Transplanting for Hybrid Rice to Improve Population Uniformity and Yield

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播种量处理 Seed rate treatment	每秧盘取秧穴数 Total hills per seedling tray	每穴播种粒数 Seed number per hill	每秧盘播种量 Seed rate per tray (g/tray)	单位面积播种量 Seed rate (kg·hm^-2)
T₁	720	2.5	43.2	11.1
T₂	720	3.5	60.5	15.5
T₃	720	4.0	69.1	19.9