施氮量对迟播油菜氮素利用和产量品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.17.014

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Under the multi-cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin, the rapeseed sowing date was delayed, resulting in low yield and poor quality. In this study, in order to explore the effect of different nitrogen rates on the yield and seed quality of late sowing rapeseed, the related indexes of late sowing rapeseed, including yield and its components, agronomic characters, nutrient accumulation, grain quality, and so on, were measured under different nitrogen application levels in order to find out the best nitrogen rate of late sowing rapeseed. 【Method】 Field experiments were carried out in Yingcheng and Huanggang, Hubei province. A rapeseed variety“Zhongyouza19”was used as the material, and two sowing dates (S1,10th October; S2, 10th November) and 4 nitrogen rates (N0, 0; N1, 120 kg·hm^-2; N2, 240 kg·hm^-2; N3, 360 kg·hm^-2) were set in this study. 【Result】 (1) Late sowing of rapeseed significantly reduced the yield. With an increase in nitrogen rate, the pods per plant, seeds per pod and 1000-seed weight had a significant increase under different sowing dates. Compared with N0, the yield under N1, N2 and N3 was increased by 31.9%, 68.6% and 79.8% on average under normal sowing date, respectively, and increased by 36.0%, 82.0% and 87.3% on average under late sowing date, respectively. (2) With the sowing date delaying, the root crown diameter, plant height and branch height were decreased significantly, and the above-ground biomass were increased, whereas the root biomass and the root-shoot ratio were decreased. With an increase in nitrogen rate, the root crown diameter, plant height, branch height, the root and shoot biomass were increased, but the root-shoot ratio was decreased, in addition, the lodging angle were increased by 162.7%, 254.7% and 374.7% on average under normal sowing date, respectively, and increased by 105.5%, 208.7% and 303.1% on average under late sowing date, respectively. Lodging was more severe under higher nitrogen rate. (3) With the sowing date delaying, the nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake in the root were decreased. The nitrogen content in the seed was increased, but the nitrogen uptake and oil content in the seed were decreased. Then, the nitrogen content in the stem and the pod shell did not change significantly, but the nitrogen uptake increased significantly. With an increase in nitrogen rate, the nitrogen content and uptake in each part were increased and the oil yield also showed an increasing trend, but the oil yield (1 830.5 kg·hm^-2 and 1 534.5 kg·hm^-2 (Yingcheng), 1 535.1 kg·hm^-2 and 1 220.0 kg·hm^-2(Huanggang)) and the seed nitrogen use efficiency (34.88% and 31.14% (Yingcheng), 27.95% and 25.48% (Huanggang)) reached the maximum at the nitrogen rate level of 240 kg·hm^-2under different sowing dates. There was a significant positive correlation between seed nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield and oil yield, but there was no correlation with lodging angle. The grain yield and oil yield could be improved by increasing seed nitrogen use efficiency without aggravating lodging. 【Conclusion】 Increasing nitrogen rate could improve the yield of late sowing rapeseed, but the nitrogen rate should be controlled at about 240 kg·hm^-2 to further control lodging and obtain maximum oil yield.

Key words: rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), sowing date, nitrogen rate, yield, oil yield

LI XiaoYong,GU ChiMing,LIU Kang,LIAO Xing,HUANG Wei,YANG ZhiYuan,QIN Lu. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Yield and Quality of Late Sowing Rapeseed[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(17): 3726-3736.

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播期 Sowing date	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	应城 Yingcheng					黄冈 Huanggang
播期 Sowing date	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	单株角果数 Effective pods per plant	每角果粒数 Seeds per pod	千粒重1000-seed weight (g)	单株产量 Yield per plant (g)	实际产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	单株角果数 Effective pods per plant	每角果粒数 Seeds per pod	千粒重1000-seed weight (g)	单株产量 Yield per plant (g)	实际产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
S1	N0	60.7c	17.6c	4.29c	4.57e	2058.6e	67.3b	17.2c	3.91d	4.53e	2039.4e
	N1	72.7b	20.4b	4.45c	6.59c	2964.2c	69.5b	19.1b	4.09c	5.42d	2438.1d
	N2	78.4a	21.2b	4.92ab	8.17a	3674.3a	82.8a	19.5ab	4.45b	7.16b	3223.1b
	N3	78.9a	21.2b	5.07a	8.48a	3818.7a	85.0a	19.0b	4.87a	7.88a	3546.2a
S2	N0	39.8e	21.7b	4.43c	3.82f	1719.6f	43.5e	18.9b	4.13c	3.39f	1526.1f
	N1	48.8d	23.8a	4.72b	5.48d	2465.8d	49.7d	20.2ab	4.31b	4.33e	1947.0e
	N2	59.2c	24.2a	4.98a	7.14bc	3215.0b	61.7c	20.4ab	4.78a	6.00c	2699.2c
	N3	63.0c	23.0a	5.00a	7.26b	3265.9b	62.8c	21.0a	4.75a	6.26c	2815.9c
方差分析Variance analysis
	S	**	**	NS	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
	N	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
	S×N	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	**	NS	NS

播期 Sowing date	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	应城 Yingcheng			黄冈 Huanggang
播期 Sowing date	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	根颈粗 Root crown diameter (mm)	株高 Plant height (cm)	分枝起点高度 Branch height (cm)	根颈粗 Root crown diameter (mm)	株高 Plant height (cm)	分枝起点高度 Branch height (cm)
S1	N0	9.41d	153.40bc	102.50c	8.03f	142.77de	96.11c
	N1	11.95b	179.00a	119.46b	11.52c	165.73ab	111.43b
	N2	12.09b	180.85a	121.29b	12.33b	176.80a	118.44a
	N3	13.10a	183.00a	125.45a	13.24a	178.25a	120.47a
S2	N0	5.68f	144.50c	83.93f	6.53g	136.20e	75.25f
	N1	8.50e	154.00bc	87.53f	9.51e	149.00cde	81.50e
	N2	9.45d	156.67bc	92.86e	10.17d	154.62bcd	87.37d
	N3	11.47c	160.90b	97.33d	11.21c	159.35bc	92.35c
方差分析Variance analysis
	S	**	**	**	**	**	**
	N	**	**	**	**	**	**
	S×N	**	NS	**	*	NS	**

试验点 Trial site	播期 Sowing date	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	根 Root		茎 Stem		角果壳 Pod shell		籽粒 Grain
试验点 Trial site	播期 Sowing date	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	氮含量 N content (%)	氮积累量 N uptake（kg·hm^-2）	氮含量 N content (%)	氮积累量 N uptake（kg·hm^-2）	氮含量 N content (%)	氮积累量 N uptake（kg·hm^-2）	氮含量 N content (%)	氮积累量 N uptake（kg·hm^-2）
应城 Yingcheng	S1	N0	0.60cd	3.63cd	0.39d	4.28g	0.59c	7.47f	3.21c	65.96e
		N1	0.65bcd	4.25c	0.58cd	26.30e	0.65bc	15.65de	3.45c	102.27d
		N2	0.82bc	6.76b	0.77bc	40.15d	0.75bc	21.21c	4.07b	149.67bc
		N3	1.37a	11.46a	1.19a	66.16b	1.21a	34.52b	4.61a	176.18a
	S2	N0	0.50d	2.83d	0.47cd	10.93f	0.52c	11.22ef	3.36c	57.80e
		N1	0.59cd	3.50cd	0.60cd	35.43d	0.66bc	16.84cd	3.58c	88.23d
		N2	0.66bcd	4.24c	0.94ab	57.73c	0.84b	31.78b	4.12b	132.55c
		N3	0.84b	6.55b	1.22a	85.92a	1.18a	47.00a	4.94a	161.35ab
黄冈 Huanggang	S1	N0	0.67de	3.73de	0.52d	8.91g	0.73c	7.79f	3.31e	67.48ef
		N1	0.87c	6.27c	0.74c	30.81e	0.94b	23.94d	3.62d	88.22d
		N2	1.10b	9.47b	1.06b	53.83c	1.00b	27.94d	4.17c	134.56b
		N3	1.51a	13.45a	1.23a	71.04b	1.44a	46.02b	4.72b	167.26a
	S2	N0	0.57e	2.93e	0.58d	16.04f	0.79c	14.94e	3.46de	52.87f
		N1	0.74d	4.78d	0.76c	36.53d	0.96b	26.16d	3.68d	71.68de
		N2	1.05b	8.36b	1.07b	68.87b	1.01b	33.63c	4.22c	114.06c
		N3	1.08b	9.09b	1.27a	92.54a	1.46a	57.07a	5.04a	142.00b
方差分析 Variance analysis
	S		**	**	NS	**	NS	**	**	**
	N		**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
	S×N		**	**	NS	**	NS	**	NS	NS

	实际产量 Yield	含油率 Oil content	产油量 Oil yield	倒伏角度 Lodging angle
根氮积累量 Root nitrogen uptake	0.731**	-0.717**	0.568*	0.586*
茎氮积累量 Stem nitrogen uptake	0.688**	-0.932**	0.461	0.974**
角果壳氮积累量 Pod shell nitrogen uptake	0.587*	-0.961**	0.330	0.941**
籽粒氮积累量 Seed nitrogen uptake	0.956**	-0.702**	0.832**	0.785**
籽粒氮利用率 Seed nitrogen use efficiency	0.860**	0.123	0.887**	0.168
氮生理效率 Nitrogen physiological efficiency	-0.543*	0.923**	-0.312	-0.932**

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Yield and Quality of Late Sowing Rapeseed

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