免耕条件下施用有机肥对冬小麦土壤酶及活性有机碳的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.06.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of no-tillage with manure on soil enzyme activities and soil organic carbon content, clarify scientific application of fertilizers under no-tillage system, enhance soil biological activity, and promote soil quality.【Method】Based on the long-term field experiment in Yuncheng, Shanxi, we selected no-tillage (NT) treatment and no-tillage with manure (NTM) to measure soil enzyme activity (β-Glucosidase, β-Xylanase, cellobiohydrolase, and α-1,4-Glucosidase) relating to carbon transformation, soil temperature, soil water content and soil respiration rate in growth stages of winter wheat and soil total organic carbon and soil active organic carbon content (dissolved organic carbon - DOC; Easily oxidized organic carbon - EOC; Microbial biomass carbon -MBC) in productive growth stages of winter wheat.【Result】(1) There were significant seasonal differences in soil enzyme activities among the growth stages of winter wheat. The activities of β-Xylanase and α-1,4-Glucosidase increased in jointing stage and filling stage, while the activity of β-Glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase showed a small fluctuation. The changes of soil respiration at different growth stages were basically consistent with the activities of β-Xylanase and α-1,4-Glucosidase. Besides, the results of principal component analysis showed that the soil enzyme activities were mainly affected by soil water content and soil respiration rate. (2) No-tillage with manure significantly increased β-Xylanase activity at different growth stages (over-wintering stage: 17.6%, heading stage: 8.5%, filling stage: 14.1%, and mature stage: 10.0%). The activity of α-1, 4-Glucosidase increased by 16.7% and 10.2% respectively at the overwintering stage and jointing stage. The results of principal component analysis showed that the enzyme activities were mainly affected by soil temperature and soil respiration rate. (3) No-tillage with manure significantly increased the content of TOC, DOC, EOC and MBC in winter wheat growing season (TOC: 16.9%, DOC: 27.7%, EOC: 38.4% and MBC: 50.7%). (4) The correlation analysis of soil biological indicators were higher between β-Xylanase, α-1, 4-Glucosidase activities and total organic carbon, organic carbon active components in winter wheat growth stages (correlation index were greater than 0.85).【Conclusion】No-tillage with manure increased β-Xylanase and α-1,4-Glucosidase activities by influencing soil water content and soil temperature. Meanwhile, the addition of manure increased the content of total organic carbon and active organic carbon components on the basis of straw returning to the field, which was beneficial to the improvement in biological activities such as soil enzyme and soil quality.

Key words: no-tillage, no-tillage with manure, soil enzymes, total organic carbon, active organic carbon, winter wheat

FengJun ZHENG,Xue WANG,Jing LI,BiSheng WANG,XiaoJun SONG,MengNi ZHANG,XuePing WU,Shuang LIU,JiLong XI,JianCheng ZHANG,YongShan LI. Effect of No-Tillage with Manure on Soil Enzyme Activities and Soil Active Organic Carbon[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(6): 1202-1213.

Figures/Tables 7

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酶 Enzyme	简写 Abbreviation	功能 Function	底物 Substrate
β葡萄糖苷酶 β-Glucosidase	ΒG	降解纤维素,释放葡萄糖 Releases glucose from cellulose	4- MUB -β-D-glucoside
β木聚糖苷酶 β-Xylosidase	BXYL	降解半纤维素 Degrades hemi-cellulose	4- MUB -β-D-xyloside
纤维二糖苷酶 Cellobiohydrolase	CBH	降解纤维素,释放二糖 Releases disaccharides from cellulose	4- MUB -β-D-cellobioside
α葡萄糖苷酶 α-1,4-Gulcosidase	AG	降解可溶性糖类 Releases glucose from soluble saccharides	4- MUB -α-D-glucoside

处理 Treatment	可溶性有机碳 DOC (mg·kg^-1)	微生物量碳 MBC (mg·kg^-1)		易氧化有机碳 EOC (g·kg^-1)	总有机碳 TOC (g·kg^-1)		微生物熵 RQ (mg·g^-1)
NT	114.2±4.19 b	97.6±2.93 b		2.3±0.12 b	8.9±0.23 b		11.0±0.05 b
NTM	145.8±2.12 a	147.2±2.12 a		3.2±0.09 a	10.4±0.13 a		14.2±0.03 a

	BXYL	AG	CBH	TOC	EOC	DOC	MBC	SW	ST	SR
ΒG	0.432	0.349	0.482	0.340	0.517	0.408	0.523	0.769	-0.229	-0.376
BXYL	1	0.895*	0.502	0.954*	0.980*	0.985*	0.948*	0.853*	-0.888*	0.043
AG		1	0.336	0.897*	0.937*	0.905*	0.866*	0.699	-0.658	0.136
CBH			1	0.654	0.516	0.600	0.717	0.404	-0.454	0.481
TOC				1	0.944**	0.991**	0.978**	0.714	-0.842*	0.289
EOC					1	0.927**	0.953**	0.851*	-0.783	0.077
DOC						1	0.981*	0.796	-0.872*	0.169
MBC							1	0.805	-0.820*	0.191
SW								1	-0.751	-0.400
ST									1	0.059
SR										1

Effect of No-Tillage with Manure on Soil Enzyme Activities and Soil Active Organic Carbon

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