Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (6): 1166-1177.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.06.008

• PLANT PROTECTION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Glyphosate on Weed Control, Soybean Safety and Weed Occurrence in Transgenic Herbicide-Resistant Soybean

HuiLin YU,Fang JIA,ZongHua QUAN,HaiLan CUI,XiangJu LI()   

  1. Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2019-09-01 Accepted:2019-09-16 Online:2020-03-16 Published:2020-04-09
  • Contact: XiangJu LI E-mail:xjli@ippcaas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】 Transgenic soybean ‘GE-J16’ that co-expressed with GAT and EPSPS conferring resistance to glyphosate, is a herbicide-resistant (HR) variety in China with independent intellectual property. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of glyphosate application on weed control, soybean safety, and weed occurrence in glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean ‘GE-J16’, and to provide the basic data for HR crops’ safety monitoring after commercial planting and weed management strategies.【Method】For weed control, in each soybean plot, 5 sample points were chosen along a diagonal and 0.25 m 2was tagged as one sample point, 28 days after glyphosate application (DAG), the numbers of grassy and broadleaf weeds were surveyed and the above-ground parts were cut to get fresh weight, then weed control efficacy was calculated by fresh weight and weed number. For soybean safety, in each soybean plot, 5 sample points were chosen along a diagonal and 4 soybean plants were tagged with random selection in one sample point. The plant height and compound leaf number were investigated on the day of spraying, 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAG, separately. At the same time, herbicide damage of plants was visually observed. Before harvest, 50 soybean plants were collected from each plot, pod number of each plant and yield of 50 plants were tested. For weed occurrence, in each soybean plot, 5 sampling points were chosen along a diagonal and 0.25 m 2was tagged as one sample point. All selected sampling points were different from those sampling points of weed control. The number and type of each weed species were counted in each sampling point. For each species of weeds, relative abundance (RA) was calculated.【Result】In 2016, at the glyphosate application doses of 900, 1 800 and 3 600 g a.i./hm 2, the plant control efficacy of grassy and broadleaf weeds was 84.30%, 95.22%, 83.62%, and 49.80%, 64.52%, 61.93%, respectively. The fresh weight control efficacy of grassy and broadleaf weeds was above 95.36% and 82.05%, respectively. In 2017, at the same glyphosate application doses, the plant control efficacy of grassy and broadleaf weeds was above 94.93% and 85.09%, respectively. The fresh weight control efficacy of grassy and broadleaf weeds was above 98.00% and 96.57%, respectively. Glyphosate did not affect plant growth after application and soybean yield of different glyphosate treatments was higher than that of hand weeding treatment. Two years of short-term experimental research showed that weed species shifted in transgenic GR soybean after glyphosate application. The weed flora was dominated by six species including broadleaf weeds Amaranthus retroflexus, Calystegia hederacea, Portulaca oleracea, and grassy weeds Setaria viridis, Digitaria sanguinalis, and Eleusine indica in GR soybean without weeding, while in GR soybean sprayed with glyphosate at 900 to 3 600 g a.i./hm 2, the weed flora was dominated by C. hederacea, Lagopsis supina, P. oleracea, E. indica, and S. viridis.【Conclusion】Glyphosate at 900-3 600 g a.i./hm 2 has a good weed control efficacy in transgenic GR soybean ‘GE-J16’, and it is safe for soybean ‘GE-J16’. Thus, transgenic soybean ‘GE-J16’ has great potential for application in China in the future. The weed species shift in GR soybean after glyphosate application, and it will be needed to monitor for a long time if transgenic soybean is permitted to plant in China.

Key words: transgenic soybean, glyphosate, weed control, crop safety

Table 1

Weed control efficacy at 28 days after glyphosate (GP) application in glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean in 2016 and 2017"

年
Year		 转基因大豆不同处理
GR soybean with different treatments		 杂草防除效果Weed control efficiency (%)
株防效Plant control efficacy 鲜重防效Fresh weight control efficacy
禾本科杂草
Grassy weeds		 阔叶杂草
Broadleaf weeds		 禾本科杂草
Grassy weeds		 阔叶杂草
Broadleaf weeds
2016 人工除草Hand weeding 59.73±8.39b 45.79±12.26a 53.00±10.10b 43.34±4.49b
喷草甘膦450 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 450 g a.i./hm2 73.04±9.4 6ab 39.42±10.22a 81.49±9.72ab 62.62±13.28ab
*喷草甘膦900 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 900 g a.i./hm2 84.30±3.41ab 49.80±10.82a 95.36±0.90a 82.05±0.44a
喷草甘膦1800 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 1800 g a.i./hm2 95.22±2.66a 64.52±9.79a 99.78±0.12a 86.66±2.51a
喷草甘膦3600 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 3600 g a.i./hm2 83.62±2.05ab 61.93±16.33a 95.84±2.77a 84.77±5.95a
F4.14=5.60, P=0.01 F4.14=0.83, P=0.53 F4.14=9.44, P=0 F4.14=6.14, P=0.01
2017 人工除草Hand weeding 82.14±4.39b 69.99±14.88b 39.45±21.97b 21.70±21.70b
喷草甘膦450 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 450 g a.i./hm2 72.56±5.43b 72.36±9.83ab 65.53±10.06ab 87.04±7.79a
*喷草甘膦900 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 900 g a.i./hm2 94.93±0.24a 85.09±7.50ab 98.00±0.30a 96.57±1.36a
喷草甘膦1800 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 1800 g a.i./hm2 99.11±0.34a 97.01±1.13ab 99.66±0.17a 98.47±0.76a
喷草甘膦3600 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 3600 g a.i./hm2 99.44±0.36a 97.86±0.97a 99.95±0.05a 97.24±1.02a
F4,14=26.65, P=0 F4,14=3.78, P=0.04 F4,14=8.24, P=0.003 F4,14=10.12, P=0.002

Table 2

The plant height and compound leaf number of GR soybean after glyphosate application in 2016"

处理
Treatment		 株高 Plant height (cm)
施药当天
On the day of spraying		 药后7 d
7 DAG		 药后14 d
14 DAG		 药后21 d
21 DAG		 药后28 d
28 DAG
受体（人工除草）Recipient (Hand weeding) 21.68±0.69a 33.12±1.06a 49.37±3.97a 74.28±3.10a 88.48±6.67a
转基因大豆GR soybean 不除草No weeding 18.87±1.39a 28.38±2.56a 36.92±1.13b 60.95±3.52b 65.38±3.52a
人工除草Hand weeding 19.68±0.79a 29.68±1.45a 38.53±0.54b 68.17±1.79ab 74.00±1.86a
喷草甘膦450 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 450 g a.i./hm2		 18.22±0.72a 26.20±0.76a 37.27±1.54b 61.83±1.87b 67.95±3.41a
*喷草甘膦 900 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 900 g a.i./hm2		 20.27±0.94a 29.47±0.75a 41.07±1.42ab 63.80±1.71ab 71.30±6.39a
喷草甘膦1800 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 1800 g a.i./hm2		 19.35±0.93a 28.63±0.56a 40.02±0.81ab 62.92±1.12b 71.92±4.57a
喷草甘膦3600 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 3600 g a.i./hm2		 19.45±0.38a 29.80±0.38a 42.18±2.32ab 66.83±0.41ab 76.50±5.91a
F6,20=1.53, P=0.24 F6,20=2.69, P=0.06 F6,20=4.65, P=0.01 F6,20=4.26, P=0.01 F6,20=2.27, P=0.10
复叶数（片/株）Compound leaf number (number/plant)
受体（人工除草）Recipient (Hand weeding) 4.88±0.07a 8.43±0.29a 9.90±0.13a 13.70±0.14a 14.25±0.13a
转基因大豆GR soybean 不除草No weeding 4.60±0.23a 7.52±0.42a 9.45±0.16a 12.47±0.22a 13.65±0.33a
人工除草Hand weeding 4.83±0.21a 8.08±0.09a 9.53±0.24a 13.33±0.74a 14.58±0.25a
喷草甘膦450 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 450 g a.i./hm2		 4.58±0.04a 7.48±0.17a 9.50±0.05a 13.33±0.28a 14.33±0.70a
*喷草甘膦 900 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 900 g a.i./hm2		 4.95±0.26a 7.97±0.06a 9.85±0.20a 13.45±0.43a 14.52±0.20a
喷草甘膦1800 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 1800 g a.i./hm2		 4.72±0.20a 7.77±0.21a 15.00±5.48a 13.20±0.13a 14.85±0.33a
喷草甘膦3600 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 3600 g a.i./hm2		 4.95±0.16a 7.97±0.12a 9.90±0.18a 14.12±0.12a 14.97±0.09a
F6,20=0.72, P=0.64 F6,20=2.14, P=0.11 F6,20=0.91, P=0.51 F6,20=2.00, P=0.14 F6,20=1.62, P=0.21

Table 3

The plant height and compound leaf number of GR soybean after glyphosate application in 2017"

处理
Treatment		 株高 Plant height (cm)
施药当天
On the day of spraying		 药后7 d
7 DAG		 药后14 d
14 DAG		 药后21 d
21 DAG		 药后28 d
28 DAG
受体（人工除草）Recipient (Hand weeding) 15.20±1.39a 34.35±3.09a 47.02±2.91a 71.05±14.00a 92.92±15.36a
转基因大豆
GR soybean		 不除草No weeding 13.22±1.34a 28.18±5.35ab 38.72±5.50ab 52.28±8.78ab 63.10±15.00ab
人工除草Hand weeding 12.87±0.64a 28.78±2.07ab 39.45±6.16ab 61.88±9.91ab 76.15±15.12ab
喷草甘膦450 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 450 g a.i./hm2		 13.08±0.52a 20.83±5.42b 33.60±1.33b 52.27±6.69ab 57.15±4.68b
*喷草甘膦 900 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 900 g a.i./hm2		 14.57±0.92a 23.27±0.22ab 34.18±8.21ab 46.18±4.05b 58.07±2.67b
喷草甘膦1800 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 1800 g a.i./hm2		 13.23±0.24a 21.65±1.22ab 31.70±1.98b 49.45±7.93ab 55.22±3.45b
喷草甘膦3600 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 3600 g a.i./hm2		 13.08±0.27a 26.05±0.48ab 32.32±1.27b 49.62±7.09ab 55.17±7.17b
F6,20=1.05, P=0.44 F6,20=3.96, P=0.02 F6,20=4.22, P=0.12 F6,20=3.38, P=0.28 F6,20=7.60, P=0.001
复叶数（片/株）Compound leaf number (number/plant)
受体（人工除草）Recipient (Hand weeding) 3.20±0.03a 6.93±0.79a 7.20±0.41a 9.37±0.57ab 10.98±0.69ab
转基因大豆
GR soybean		 不除草No weeding 3.20±0.13a 5.82±0.33a 6.32±0.70a 7.98±1.78b 8.95±0.43c
人工除草Hand weeding 2.83±0.13a 6.33±0.30a 7.33±0.34a 9.73±0.37ab 11.03±0.61ab
喷草甘膦450 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 450 g a.i./hm2		 2.65±0.14a 5.97±0.27a 6.60±0.60a 9.78±0.96ab 12.05±0.92ab
*喷草甘膦 900 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 900 g a.i./hm2		 2.92±0.16a 6.37±0.07a 7.68±0.43a 10.95±0.53a 13.70±2.32a
喷草甘膦1800 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 1800 g a.i./hm2		 2.82±0.21a 6.10±0.49a 7.00±0.51a 10.78±0.77a 13.27±0.76ab
喷草甘膦3600 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 3600 g a.i./hm2		 2.68±0.04a 5.67±0.54a 7.35±0.35a 10.38±0.38a 12.93±0.86ab
F6,20=2.59, P=0.07 F6,20=2.68, P=0.06 F6,20=1.95, P=0.14 F6,20=5.25, P=0.01 F6,20=20.46, P=0

Table 4

The pod number and yield of GR soybean after glyphosate application"

处理
Treatment		 2016 2017
豆荚数
Pod number (number/plant)		 产量
Yield (g/50 plants)		 豆荚数
Pod number (number/plant)		 产量
Yield (g/50 plants)
受体（人工除草）Recipient (Hand weeding) 44.10±2.21a 389.07±16.98ab 40.04±1.69bcd 422.07±84.33ab
转基因大豆
GR soybean		 不除草No weeding 28.95±3.87b 164.23±28.01c 27.83±3.97d 260.23±40.12b
人工除草Hand weeding 38.60±3.16ab 271.80±30.97bc 30.62±2.35d 264.63±38.87b
喷草甘膦450 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 450 g a.i./hm2		 47.27±5.88a 294.20±64.78bc 37.01±3.19cd 397.63±38.63ab
*喷草甘膦 900 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 900 g a.i./hm2		 47.23±3.01a 509.07±54.49ab 53.57±4.51abc 472.43±21.84a
喷草甘膦1800 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 1800 g a.i./hm2		 50.53±7.49a 458.97±20.00ab 59.60±3.35ab 502.73±17.02a
喷草甘膦3600 g a.i./hm2
Spraying GP 3600 g a.i./hm2		 48.53±3.69a 533.97±40.30a 67.63±5.65a 607.10±58.75a
F6,20=3.60, P=0.02 F6,20=9.79, P=0 F6,20=15.08, P=0 F6,20=6.81, P=0.002

Table 5

Density, field uniformity, frequency and relative abundance for weed species recorded of recipient soybean with hand weeding in 2016 and 2017"

编号No. 杂草种类
Weed species		 密度
Density (number/m2)		 均度
Field uniformity (%)		 频度
Frequency (%)		 相对多度
Relative abundance
1 打碗花Calystegia hederacea 35.41 58.67 83.33 50.62
2 牛筋草Eleusine indica 33.39 67.52 96.67 48.51
3 马齿苋Portulaca oleracea 17.03 66.38 95.24 40.05
4 反枝苋 Amaranthus retroflexus 23.56 52.95 64.29 39.07
5 马唐Digitaria sanguinalis 12.92 58.76 94.29 36.42
6 狗尾草Setaria viridis 14.69 53.81 73.81 29.79
7 夏至草Lagopsis supina 16.91 21.05 45.71 21.57
8 铁苋菜Acalypha australis 0.91 11.05 44.76 9.04
9 刺儿菜Cirsium setosum 2.56 11.14 30.48 8.61
10 地锦Euphorbia humifusa 0.29 6.86 24.76 5.69
11 苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis 1.49 6.67 13.33 3.69
12 藜Chenopodium album 0.11 2.38 11.90 2.18
13 苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala 0.08 1.33 6.67 1.63
14 泥胡菜Hemistepta lyrata 0.24 1.33 6.67 1.15
15 籽粒苋Amaranthus hypochondriacus 8.50 30.48 52.38 0.74
16 苘麻Abutilon theophrasti 0.24 0.67 3.33 0.65
17 龙葵Solanum nigrum 0 0.67 3.33 0.59

Table 6

Density, field uniformity, frequency and relative abundance for weed species recorded of GR soybean without weeding in 2016 and 2017"

编号
No.		 杂草种类
Weed species		 密度
Density (number/m2)		 均度
Field uniformity (%)		 频度
Frequency (%)		 相对多度
Relative abundance
1 反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus 212.55 55.14 70.00 51.10
2 打碗花Calystegia hederacea 30.30 53.52 75.24 41.89
3 狗尾草Setaria viridis 78.27 66.48 85.71 41.84
4 马唐Digitaria sanguinalis 70.77 64.48 90.95 41.02
5 马齿苋Portulaca oleracea 33.97 66.76 95.24 36.63
6 牛筋草Eleusine indica 79.89 55.91 88.57 34.36
7 夏至草Lagopsis supina 26.42 21.81 36.67 23.35
8 铁苋菜Acalypha australis 1.01 15.33 40.95 9.19
9 苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis 1.57 8.00 26.67 6.49
10 藜Chenopodium album 0.56 7.81 22.38 4.76
11 地锦Euphorbia humifusa 1.56 4.29 7.14 2.55
12 牵牛Pharbitis nil 0.10 2.38 7.14 1.72
13 苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala 0.19 2.00 3.33 1.31
14 圆叶牵牛Pharbitis purpurea 0.27 1.43 4.76 0.85
15 酸模叶蓼Polygonum lapathifolium 0.03 0.67 3.33 0.80
16 泥胡菜Hemistepta lyrata 0.08 0.67 3.33 0.67
17 龙葵Solanum nigrum 0.02 0.48 2.38 0.66
18 野西瓜苗Hibiscus trionum 0.02 0.48 2.38 0.45
19 田旋花Convolvulus arvensis 0.02 0.48 2.38 0.37

Table 7

Density, field uniformity, frequency and relative abundance for weed species recorded of GR soybean with hand weeding in 2016 and 2017"

编号
No.		 杂草种类
Weed species		 密度
Density (number/m2)		 均度
Field uniformity (%)		 频度
Frequency (%)		 相对多度
Relative abundance
1 打碗花Calystegia hederacea 40.22 64.57 81.43 58.32
2 反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus 60.88 52.76 80.00 47.28
3 牛筋草Eleusine indica 36.10 70.00 100.00 43.52
4 马齿苋Portulaca oleracea 18.63 70.10 100.00 40.67
5 马唐Digitaria sanguinalis 16.42 58.86 96.67 36.99
6 狗尾草Setaria viridis 19.61 61.43 88.10 35.49
7 夏至草Lagopsis supina 22.36 20.00 36.67 15.86
8 铁苋菜Acalypha australis 0.86 8.86 37.14 7.55
9 苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis 2.75 6.67 16.67 4.44
10 藜Chenopodium album 0.21 3.81 19.05 3.41
11 刺儿菜Cirsium setosum 0.21 1.81 9.05 1.68
12 泥胡菜Hemistepta lyrata 0.32 1.33 6.67 1.15
13 地锦Euphorbia humifusa 0.05 1.14 5.71 1.24
14 牵牛Pharbitis nil 0.06 0.95 4.76 1.12
15 酸浆Physalis alkekengi 0.04 0.95 4.76 0.89
16 野西瓜苗Hibiscus trionum 0.02 0.48 2.38 0.40

Table 8

Density, field uniformity, frequency and relative abundance for weed species recorded of GR soybean with glyphosate at 450 g a.i./hm2 in 2016 and 2017"

编号
No.		 杂草种类
Weed species		 密度
Density (number/m2)		 均度
Field uniformity (%)		 频度
Frequency (%)		 相对多度
Relative abundance
1 打碗花Calystegia hederacea 37.07 66.76 92.86 61.28
2 牛筋草Eleusine indica 48.41 64.10 93.33 44.39
3 马齿苋Portulaca oleracea 37.56 67.43 90.00 42.02
4 马唐Digitaria sanguinalis 18.18 51.05 85.24 33.19
5 狗尾草Setaria viridis 21.43 45.71 78.57 30.21
6 夏至草Lagopsis supina 18.43 24.95 42.38 25.13
7 反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus 60.25 36.00 60.95 23.28
8 铁苋菜Acalypha australis 2.70 28.10 56.19 14.19
9 苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis 1.30 8.86 31.91 8.21
10 藜Chenopodium album 0.65 11.62 24.76 5.54
11 地锦Euphorbia humifusa 0.72 5.71 16.67 3.48
12 苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala 0.08 2.00 6.67 1.85
13 圆叶牵牛Pharbitis purpurea 0.13 1.90 9.52 1.81
14 地黄Rehmannia glutinosa 0.13 1.43 4.76 1.24
15 泥胡菜Hemistepta lyrata 0.72 1.33 3.33 1.15
16 龙葵Solanum nigrum 0.04 0.95 4.76 0.76
17 刺儿菜Cirsium setosum 0.16 0.67 3.33 0.68
18 稗Echinochloa crusgalli 0.25 0.48 2.38 0.48
19 牵牛Pharbitis nil 0.02 0.48 2.38 0.42
20 萝藦Metaplexis japonica 0.02 0.48 2.38 0.35
21 旋覆花Inula japonica 0.02 0.48 2.38 0.35

Table 9

Density, field uniformity, frequency and relative abundance for weed species recorded of GR soybean with glyphosate at 900 g a.i./hm2 in 2016 and 2017"

编号
No.		 杂草种类
Weed species		 密度
Density (number/m2)		 均度
Field uniformity (%)		 频度
Frequency (%)		 相对多度
Relative abundance
1 打碗花Calystegia hederacea 35.46 77.52 95.24 60.56
2 夏至草Lagopsis supina 90.75 40.38 55.24 48.39
3 马齿苋Portulaca oleracea 21.13 53.05 87.62 37.59
4 牛筋草Eleusine indica 19.39 51.90 80.00 30.86
5 狗尾草Setaria viridis 19.95 48.86 80.00 30.37
6 反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus 41.62 34.38 73.33 24.53
7 马唐Digitaria sanguinalis 4.74 29.14 74.76 18.73
8 刺儿菜Cirsium setosum 3.78 14.00 27.62 8.73
9 苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis 4.66 13.43 30.48 8.63
10 铁苋菜Acalypha australis 0.77 10.86 35.24 7.83
11 藜Chenopodium album 0.54 7.52 28.10 5.41
12 地黄Rehmannia glutinosa 3.22 4.29 7.14 3.64
13 苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala 0.42 4.38 11.43 3.32
14 酸模叶蓼Polygonum lapathifolium 0.64 2.67 6.67 3.27
15 地锦Euphorbia humifusa 0.15 3.71 12.86 2.92
16 泥胡菜Hemistepta lyrata 2.64 4.00 10.00 2.81
17 圆叶牵牛Pharbitis purpurea 0.04 0.95 4.76 0.85
18 葎草Humulus scandens 0.04 0.95 2.38 0.50
19 苘麻Abutilon theophrasti 0.02 0.48 2.38 0.42
20 野西瓜苗Hibiscus trionum 0.02 0.48 2.38 0.33
21 旋覆花Inula japonica 0.02 0.48 2.38 0.33

Table 10

Density, field uniformity, frequency and relative abundance for weed species recorded of GR soybean with glyphosate at 1 800 g a.i./hm2 in 2016 and 2017"

编号No. 杂草种类
Weed species		 密度
Density (number/m2)		 均度
Field uniformity (%)		 频度
Frequency (%)		 相对多度
Relative abundance
1 打碗花Calystegia hederacea 35.27 76.38 92.86 72.65
2 夏至草Lagopsis supina 57.01 34.76 50.48 47.29
3 马齿苋Portulaca oleracea 19.31 47.33 83.33 35.98
4 牛筋草Eleusine indica 26.20 38.86 73.33 29.31
5 狗尾草Setaria viridis 17.23 41.81 70.48 27.96
6 反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus 31.23 20.86 52.38 16.28
7 刺儿菜Cirsium setosum 9.78 17.43 30.95 14.89
8 马唐Digitaria sanguinalis 3.82 21.05 53.33 13.65
9 苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis 3.44 12.95 31.43 9.91
10 铁苋菜Acalypha australis 1.13 11.43 34.76 8.36
11 苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala 0.73 5.52 17.14 6.22
12 地锦Euphorbia humifusa 0.49 4.19 16.19 4.34
13 地黄Rehmannia glutinosa 1.12 4.29 7.14 3.75
14 藜Chenopodium album 0.36 6.67 16.67 3.63
15 泥胡菜Hemistepta lyrata 1.60 3.33 10.00 2.73
16 野西瓜苗Hibiscus trionum 0.05 1.14 5.71 1.17
17 旋覆花Inula japonica 1.79 2.86 4.76 1.00
18 龙葵Solanum nigrum 0.05 0.67 3.33 0.59
19 田旋花Convolvulus arvensis 0.02 0.48 2.38 0.30

Table 11

Density, field uniformity, frequency and relative abundance for weed species recorded of GR soybean with glyphosate at 3 600 g a.i./hm2 in 2016 and 2017"

编号No. 杂草种类
Weed species		 密度
Density (number/m2)		 均度
Field uniformity (%)		 频度
Frequency (%)		 相对多度
Relative abundance
1 打碗花Calystegia hederacea 30.74 79.71 100.00 81.14
2 狗尾草Setaria viridis 17.87 44.76 75.24 33.07
3 马齿苋Portulaca oleracea 14.34 30.76 67.62 30.90
4 夏至草Lagopsis supina 20.72 30.29 40.95 33.24
5 牛筋草Eleusine indica 10.33 30.67 82.86 28.02
6 反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus 42.91 22.67 52.38 23.96
7 马唐Digitaria sanguinalis 4.17 23.43 55.24 16.67
8 刺儿菜Cirsium setosum 8.45 14.29 30.95 14.60
9 地锦Euphorbia humifusa 2.91 7.62 19.05 8.04
10 苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis 3.00 8.48 25.71 7.57
11 藜Chenopodium album 0.28 4.67 20.95 4.46
12 苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala 0.46 3.90 11.43 4.39
13 地黄Rehmannia glutinosa 1.85 4.76 7.14 4.25
14 泥胡菜Hemistepta lyrata 4.48 3.33 10.00 4.21
15 铁苋菜Acalypha australis 0.48 5.14 18.57 3.74
16 野西瓜苗Hibiscus trionum 0.03 0.67 3.33 0.64
17 独行菜Lepidium apetalum 0.04 0.48 2.38 0.43
18 稗Echinochloa crusgalli 0.13 0.48 2.38 0.33
19 旋覆花Inula japonica 0.02 0.48 2.38 0.32
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