播/收期对冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟模式周年 气候资源分配与利用特征的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.09.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The study was carried out to optimize the inter-season climatic resource distribution of traditional winter wheat-summer maize cropping system and explore the optimal two-season climatic resource distribution model, so as to further increase the annual yield potential and resource utilization efficiency of Huang-Huai-Hai region. 【Method】 In this study, five sowing dates of winter wheat and corresponding harvest dates of summer maize were set from early October to early December, and the field experiment was conducted at Xinxiang county from 2015 to 2017. Based on the field experiments, The annual yield, climate resources distribution and resources use efficiency were studied. 【Result】 With the sowing/harvest dates delayed, days of wheat growth period and amount of radiation, temperature, and precipitation resources gradually reduced, more growth time and resources were transferred to maize season, and the resources distribution rate between two seasons changed from treatmentⅠ (46%:54%, 60%:40%, 42%:58%) to treatment V (34%:66%, 49%:51%, 34%:66%), which resulted in decrease of wheat grain yield. However, due to greater number of ears and grains of ZM66, no significant difference was found in wheat yield between treatmentⅠ and treatment V. Maize grain weight increased by 13.1% and 15.5% due to 15 d, 143.8 and 120.7 MJ·m ^-2, 290.5 and 281.6℃, 12.4 and 25.7 mm increasing in 2016 and 2017, respectively, in maize growth duration, radiation, accumulated temperature, and precipitation, eventually the annual grain yield of treatment V increased by 7.9% and 6.7% compared than that of treatmentⅠ, respectively. In addition, the grain water content decreased to 14.4%-17.3% due to 15 d, 322.5 and 336.3 MJ·m ^-2, 509.6 and 497.8℃, 56.7 and 14.1 mm increasing in maize growth duration, radiation, accumulated temperature, and precipitation in 2016 and 2017, respectively. At the same time, because of radiation and temperature resources in wheat season of treatment V decreased significantly, especially the irrigation water reduced 150 mm, the radiation, temperature and water production efficiency of wheat for treatment V increased by 12.5% and 15.8%, 10.9% and 7.7%, 39.6% and 59.3% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, compared than treatmentⅠ. During maize growth season, radiation and temperature production efficiency under treatment V decreased, but water production efficiency increased significantly than that under treatmentⅠ, so the annual radiation, temperature and water production efficiency of treatment V increased by 7.3% and 9.1%, 5.6% and 5.1%, 17.3% and 29.3% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, compared than treatmentⅠ, respectively. 【Conclusion】 It is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system in the Huang-Huai-Hai plain by changing sowing and harvest dates (Wheat was sown in early December and maize was harvested in mid-November) to optimize the distribution of resources between two seasons for winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system without any input.

Key words: winter wheat-summer maize cropping system, sowing/harvest date, resource distribution, grain yield, resources use efficiency

ZHOU BaoYuan, MA Wei, SUN XueFang, GAO ZhuoHan, DING ZaiSong, LI CongFeng, ZHAO Ming. Effects of Different Sowing and Harvest Dates of Winter Wheat- Summer Maize Under Double Cropping System on the Annual Climate Resource Distribution and Utilization[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(9): 1501-1517.

Figures/Tables 11

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Fig. 1

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	小麦季Wheat					玉米季Maize
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	播种期 Sowing date (M-D)	成熟期 Maturity date (M-D)	灌水量 Water use (mm)	种植密度 Planting density (×10⁴·hm^-2)	品种 Variety	播种期 Sowing date (M-D)	成熟期 Maturity date (M-D)	收获期 Harvest date (M-D)	灌水量 Water use (mm)	种植密度 Planting density (×10⁴·hm^-2)
2015-2016	Ⅰ	AK58	10-11	06-02	300	300	ZD958	06-11	—	09-25	150	6.75
2015-2016		ZM66	10-11	06-01	300	300	XY335	06-11	—	09-25	150	6.75
	Ⅱ	AK58	10-26	06-02	300	405	ZD958	06-11	10-10	10-10	150	6.75
		ZM66	10-26	06-01	300	405	XY335	06-11	10-08	10-08	150	6.75
	Ⅲ	AK58	11-10	06-04	300	510	ZD958	06-11	10-10	10-25	150	6.75
		ZM66	11-10	06-02	300	510	XY335	06-11	10-08	10-23	150	6.75
	Ⅳ	AK58	11-24	06-06	225	615	ZD958	06-11	10-10	11-09	150	6.75
		ZM66	11-24	06-04	225	615	XY335	06-11	10-08	11-07	150	6.75
	Ⅴ	AK58	12-8	06-07	150	720	ZD958	06-11	10-10	11-24	150	6.75
		ZM66	12-8	06-06	150	720	XY335	06-11	10-08	11-22	150	6.75
2016-2017	Ⅰ	AK58	10-13	06-05	300	300	ZD958	06-12	—	09-28	150	6.75
2016-2017		ZM66	10-13	06-04	300	300	XY335	06-12	—	09-28	150	6.75
	Ⅱ	AK58	10-28	06-05	300	405	ZD958	06-12	10-13	10-13	150	6.75
		ZM66	10-28	06-04	300	405	XY335	06-12	10-10	10-10	150	6.75
	Ⅲ	AK58	11-11	06-07	300	510	ZD958	06-12	10-13	10-28	150	6.75
		ZM66	11-11	06-05	300	510	XY335	06-12	10-10	10-25	150	6.75
	Ⅳ	AK58	11-25	06-09	225	615	ZD958	06-12	10-13	11-12	150	6.75
		ZM66	11-25	06-07	300	615	XY335	06-12	10-10	11-09	150	6.75
	Ⅴ	AK58	12-10	06-09	150	720	ZD958	06-12	10-13	11-27	150	6.75
		ZM66	12-10	06-08	300	720	XY335	06-12	10-10	11-24	150	6.75

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	小麦季Wheat		玉米季Maize		周年Annual
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	积温 Accumulated temperature (℃)	分配率 Distribution rate (%)	积温 Accumulated temperature (℃)	分配率 Distribution rate (%)	积温 Accumulated temperature (℃)	两季比 Rate between two seasons
2015-2016	Ⅰ	2457.8a	46a	2894.1d	54d	5351.9a	0.8a
	Ⅱ	2281.5b	42b	3184.6c	58c	5466.1a	0.7b
	Ⅲ	2071.3c	38c	3381.2bc	62b	5452.5a	0.6c
	Ⅳ	1960.8d	36d	3517.4b	64ab	5478.2a	0.6c
	Ⅴ	1877.7e	34e	3694.2a	66a	5571.9a	0.5d
2016-2017	Ⅰ	2392.8a	46a	2862.5d	54d	5255.2b	0.8a
	Ⅱ	2254.0b	42b	3144.1c	58c	5397.9ab	0.7b
	Ⅲ	2009.6c	38c	3361.5b	62b	5371.1ab	0.6c
	Ⅳ	1916.2d	36d	3475.7b	64ab	5391.9ab	0.6c
	Ⅴ	1853.5e	34e	3641.9a	66a	5495.4a	0.5d
年份Year (Y)		0.016	0.696	0.005	0.489	0.002	0.488
处理Treatment (T)		0.001	0.007	0.001	0.002	0. 101	0.001
Y×T		0.575	0.549	0.132	0.521	0.320	0.642

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	小麦 Wheat		玉米Maize		周年Annual
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	辐射 Radiation (MJ·m^-2)	分配率 Distribution rate (%)	辐射 Radiation (MJ·m^-2)	分配率 Distribution rate (%)	辐射 Radiation (MJ·m^-2)	两季比 Rate between two seasons
2015-2016	Ⅰ	2528.5a	59a	1727.1d	41c	4285.6a	1.5a
	Ⅱ	2459.6a	57a	1870.9c	43c	4330.5a	1.3b
	Ⅲ	2258.3b	53b	1978.0b	47b	4236.3a	1.1c
	Ⅳ	2192.9bc	52b	2056.5b	48b	4249.3a	1.1c
	Ⅴ	2105.7c	49c	2193.4a	51a	4299.1a	1.0d
2016-2017	Ⅰ	2423.3a	60a	1628.3e	40c	4051.7a	1.5a
	Ⅱ	2326.8a	57b	1749.0d	43c	4075.8a	1.3b
	Ⅲ	2208.2b	54c	1854.6c	46b	4062.8a	1.2c
	Ⅳ	2088.6c	52c	1955.2b	48b	4043.7a	1.1d
	Ⅴ	2012.0c	49d	2085.3a	51a	4097.3a	1.0e
年份Year (Y)		0.006	0.286	0.009	0.589	0.002	0.590
处理Treatment (T)		0.001	0.007	0.003	0.002	0.192	0.001
Y×T		0.575	0.771	0.925	0.977	0.676	0.874

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	小麦 Wheat		玉米Maize		周年Annual
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	降水 Precipitation (mm)	分配率 Distribution rate (%)	降水 Precipitation (mm)	分配率 Distribution rate (%)	降水 Precipitation (mm)	两季比 Rate between two seasons
2015-2016	Ⅰ	179.8a	41b	263.3d	59c	443.1b	0.7a
	Ⅱ	168.9b	37b	285.7c	63b	454.6b	0.6b
	Ⅲ	181.6a	36a	320.3b	64ab	501.9a	0.6b
	Ⅳ	174.5ab	35c	330.9ab	65ab	505.4a	0.5c
	Ⅴ	175.2ab	34c	342.4a	66a	517.6a	0.5c
2016-2017	Ⅰ	192.4a	43a	253.1c	57c	445.5a	0.8a
	Ⅱ	168.2b	38b	278.8b	62b	447.2a	0.6b
	Ⅲ	157.9c	35c	288.7a	65ab	446.6a	0.5c
	Ⅳ	156.1c	35c	289.9a	65ab	446.3a	0.5c
	Ⅴ	149.6c	34c	292.9a	66a	442.5a	0.5c
年份Year (Y)		0.001	0.04	0.001	0.286	0.002	0.682
处理Treatment (T)		0.006	0.001	0.001	0.001	0. 001	0.013
Y×T		0.001	0.002	0.046	0.006	0.001	0.043

年份 Year	播期 Sowing date	品种 Variety	产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	穗数 Spikes number (×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	千粒重 Thousand kernel weight (g)
2015-2016	Ⅰ	AK58	8212.9a	634.5a	32.3ab	42.3a
		ZM66	8011.5ab	637.5a	33.5a	41.2ab
	Ⅱ	AK58	8141.4ab	645.1a	31.6bc	40.7abc
		ZM66	7830.1bc	625.5ab	32.7ab	39.4cdef
	Ⅲ	AK58	7099.7d	598.5bc	30.8c	39.5bcdef
		ZM66	6902.5d	601.5bc	31.2bcd	38.5def
	Ⅳ	AK58	6528.5e	580.5c	30.1d	38.1ef
		ZM66	6346.4e	598.5bc	30.6cd	37.8f
	Ⅴ	AK58	7487.4c	634.2a	30.8cd	39.6bcde
		ZM66	7859.7b	627.3ab	32.4ab	39.8bcd
2016-2017	Ⅰ	AK58	9401.9a	663.2a	32.7bc	44.6a
		ZM66	9278.7a	657.3a	34.5a	43.3abc
	Ⅱ	AK58	9225.6a	652.5a	32.2bcd	43.8ab
		ZM66	9120.1a	655.4a	33.7ab	43.1abc
	Ⅲ	AK58	7775.9c	616.5b	31.2cde	41.7cde
		ZM66	7925.1c	619.2b	32.4bcd	41.2de
	Ⅳ	AK58	7377.6d	601.5b	30.6e	40.4e
		ZM66	7631.9cd	612.6b	31.3cde	40.1e
	Ⅴ	AK58	8630.9b	657.2a	31.1de	41.6cde
		ZM66	9139.2a	654.1a	33.9ab	42.5bcd

Effects of Different Sowing and Harvest Dates of Winter Wheat- Summer Maize Under Double Cropping System on the Annual Climate Resource Distribution and Utilization

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