中国主要麦区农户小麦氮磷钾养分需求与产量的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.14.010

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】It is of great significance to clarify relationships of NPK requirement to farmers’ wheat grain yield for reasonable fertilization and decreasing fertilizer application rates.【Method】A 2 years long on-farm survey combined with sample collection and analysis related to wheat production were carried out in the Spring Wheat (SW), Dryland Wheat (DW), Wheat-Maize (WM), Rice-Wheat regions (RW) of China, to study the relationships of NPK requirement to wheat grain yield of farmers.【Result】The mean grain yield of wheat was observed to be 6.4 t·hm^-2, and the differences were significant among the yield averages of different regions, with the grain yield average of 6.0, 4.0, 7.7, 5.5 t·hm^-2 in SW, DW, WM and RW region, respectively. The high yield regions usually had higher above-ground biomass and spike numbers, and harvest indexes increased with grain yields. The average N requirement was 28.1 kg·Mg^-1, with the average of 28.6, 28.3, 29.3 and 25.0 kg·Mg^-1 in SW, DW, WM and RW region, respectively, and the N requirement average decreased significantly by16.9% and 16.4% in DW and WM, tending to decrease but being not significant in SW and RW regions, when the yield was increased from the very low to the very high levels. The average P requirement was 4.0 kg·Mg^-1, with the average of 4.5, 3.2, 4.1 and 4.1 kg·Mg^-1 in SW, DW, WM and RW region, respectively. P requirement average decreased significantly by 11.4% and 17.8% in WM and RW, decreased by 8.6% but not significantin DW region, when the yield was increased from the very low to the very high levels, and even though the lowest P requirement of 3.7 kg·Mg^-1 occurred at the very low wheat yield level, it was still significantly decreased by 21.4%, when the yield was increased from the lower to the very high level. The average K requirement was 21.5 kg·Mg^-1, with the average of 26.5, 17.1, 23.3 and 18.8 kg·Mg^-1 respectively and significantly different in the four regions, and the K requirement average significantly decreased by 4.0%, 4.4%, 12.7% and 19.9% in SW, DW, WM and RW region, respectively, when the yield was increased from the very low to the very high levels, although the difference was only significant in the RW region. 【Conclusion】Wheat grain yield of farmers were significantly different among the main wheat production regions in China, relationships of NPK requirements to grain yields were also different with regions, and generally they tended to decrease with the grain yield increase. Therefore, fertilizer application recommendation should determine the reasonable nutrient requirement based on the yield levels, the crop nutrient requirement characteristics and the land soil nutrient supply capacities of farmers, in order to avoid over or insufficient fertilizer application in different regions of China.

Key words: farmer, wheat, grain yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nutrient requirement

HUANG QianNan, WANG ZhaoHui, HUANG TingMiao, HOU SaiBin, ZHANG Xiang, MA QingXia, ZHANG XinXin. Relationships of N, P and K Requirement to Wheat Grain Yield of Farmers in Major Wheat Production Regions of China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(14): 2722-2734.

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Relationships of N, P and K Requirement to Wheat Grain Yield of Farmers in Major Wheat Production Regions of China

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