不同灌溉施肥模式对温室番茄产量、品质及水肥利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.19.012

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Irrigation and fertilization are the key factors that can affect the greenhouse tomato growth and development. The objective of this study was to establish an optimized fertigation mode which can realize water and fertilizer saving and yield increasing in tomato integrative water and fertilizer management in solar greenhouse. 【Method】Based on a negative pressure device and drip irrigation system, the effects of three fertilization modes of conventional application of base fertilizer (CK), drip fertigation (DI) and negative pressure fertigation (NI) on greenhouse tomato growth, yield, quality and water and fertilizer use efficiency were studied. 【Result】The annual soil moisture variation of the negative pressure fertigation mode had a relative stability in the tomato growth, and the 0-20 cm soil water content was 20.8%-25.0%, which was less than the range of 19.7%-28.6% of drip fertigation. Compared to the treatment of CK and DI, the negative pressure fertigation treatment (NI) not only promoted the tomato plants’ growth, increased the tomato yield and improved the fruit quality, but also reduced the application of annual total nutrients (N+P₂O₅+K₂O) by 5.0% and 17.2%, respectively. The tomato biomass and fruit yield of treatment NI had increased by 23.0% (P＜0.05) and 7.5%-10.0% respectively, compared with the treatment CK. The fruit nitrate content of treatment NI also had reduced by 17.3%-21.5% (P＜0.05) compared with the treatment DI. Tomato had the higher water consumption at flowering and fruiting stages, which had accounted for 57.1%-67.3% of the whole growing period. The negative pressure fertigation mode (NI) can reduce irrigation water and fertilizer input and tomato water consumption, and enhance water use efficiency. Compared with the treatments CK and DI, the annual irrigation amount of treatment NI had reduced by 18.4% and 17.2%, the annual water consumption reduced by 12.8% and 12.1% (P＜0.05), the water use efficiency increased by 12.7%-40.1% and 10.0%-30.3% (P＜0.05), and the partial factor productivity of fertilizer increased by 10.4%-19.6% and 14.5%-42.7% (P＜0.05), respectively. The sustainable and steady supply of water is an important reason to achieve the goal of water and fertilizer saving, production increasing and with good quality in the negative pressure fertigation mode. 【Conclusion】The mode of NI, which was based on the negative device to supply nutrient solution, not only can reduce the application of water and fertilizer, but also can promote the growth of greenhouse tomato, ensure the production, improve the fruit quality and make the water use efficiency increased greatly. It can be used as a new mode in integrative management of water and fertilizer in solar greenhouse.

Key words: drip fertilization, negative pressure system, greenhouse tomato, yield, water and fertilizer utilization

LI YinKun, GUO WenZhong, XUE XuZhang, QIAO XiaoJun, WANG LiChun, CHEN Hong, ZHAO Qian, CHEN Fei. Effects of Different Fertigation Modes on Tomato Yield, Fruit Quality, and Water and Fertilizer Utilization in Greenhouse[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(19): 3757-3765.

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