稻麦轮作下紫色土有机碳活性及其对长期不同施肥的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.22.012

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Based on a 22-year fertilization experiment, soil organic carbon (SOC) and its lability under different long-term fertilization were studied to investigate the SOC quantity and quality of purple soil and their responses to long-term fertilization in a rice-wheat cropping system.【Method】There were six fertilization treatments including no fertilizer (CK), chemical N fertilizer alone (N), chemical NPK fertilizers (NPK), chemical NPK fertilizers plus straw (NPKS), high amount of chemical NPK fertilizers plus equal amount of straw (1.5NPKS) and chemical NPK fertilizer plus manure (NPKM). In soil samples at 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm depths, the labile organic carbon (LOC) and its three fractions with different labilities, i.e., high LOC (HLOC), middle LOC (MLOC) and low LOC (LLOC), were determined according to the oxidation by 33, 167 and 333 mmol·L^-1 potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) solution, and carbon management index (CMI) was determined by total SOC (TOC) and LOC, and CK was used as reference.【Result】The TOC and LOC were 9.2-16.5 g·kg^-1 and 1.58-3.67 g·kg^-1 across all treatments and soil depths, respectively. Long-term fertilization could maintain or improve the TOC, LOC content and CMI, with greater improvement on the 0-20 cm soil layer than other layers. Compared with no fertilization, the increases in NPKS treatment were 32.5%, 25.7% and 5.3% for TOC, 37.0%, 44.7% and 9.3% for LOC, 38%, 49% and 9% for CMI on 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers, respectively, which were relatively greater than other fertilization treatments. Long-term fertilization significantly improved the content of HLOC, MLOC and LLOC on three soil layers with greater increase in treatments with combined application of mineral and organic fertilizers (NPKS, 1.5NPKS and NPKM) than mineral fertilizers alone (NPK and N), while the effect of long-term fertilization on proportions of three labile fractions to LOC was relatively small, indicating that long-term fertilization did not alter the distribution pattern of different LOC fractions. However, the content and proportions of HLOC, MLOC and LLOC were significantly affected by soil depth. On the average, HLOC, MLOC and LLOC accounted for 23.6%, 35.6% and 40.7% of LOC on 0-20 cm soil layer while 30.5%, 44.8% and 24.7% in 20-40 cm soil due to great decline of LLOC content. The LOC, HLOC, MLOC and LLOC were linearly and positively correlated with TOC content, indicating that LOC and its fractions could be used as indicators of TOC change caused by management practices.【Conclusion】These results suggested that long-term fertilization could maintain or improve the quantity and lability of SOC and thus CMI, and combined application NPK fertilizers with straw return is the recommended practice to promote both the TOC and LOC accumulation of purple soil in the rice-wheat cropping system.

Key words: soil organic carbon, labile organic carbon, carbon management index, long-term fertilization, rice-wheat rotation, paddy soil

ZHAO Ya-nan, CHAI Guan-qun, ZHANG Zhen-zhen, XIE Jun, LI Dan-ping, ZHANG Yue-qiang, SHI Xiao-jun. Soil Organic Carbon Lability of Purple Soil as Affected by Long-Term Fertilization in a Rice-Wheat Cropping System[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(22): 4398-4407.

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