Abstract: 【Objective】In order to reveal the population grains sink and the yield formation characteristics of super rice.【Method】As the material with representative 5 indica super rice cultivars, and in comparison with Shanyou 63 under field conditions, the composition and characteristic of sink were studied. 【Result】the result indicated that: (1)The average yield of 5 super rice cultivars grew in Dongahi ,Xinghua and Changshu of Jiangsu province were 700.4kg/667m2 (from 678.9 kg/667m2 to 724.7kg/667m2), which were significant or extremely significant higher than those of Shanyou 63.The leading cause of high yield were greater total spikelets number of population. Increasing total spikelets number of population due to larger panicle than more panicles.(2)To obtain larger panicle by adding primary branches(PB) and its spikelets per PB and secondary branches(SB) and by stabilizing its spikelets per SB in the panicles of super rice, in which the main was increasing of secondary branches and its total spikelets. By increasing branch number to enlarge panicle-type, meanwhile, stabilizing mean grains on secondary branch in order to increase mean grains on panicle branch that can optimize traits of panicles, increase filling grains on branch and seed setting rate on panicle, and increase single panicle weight up to 4.0g(compared to ck+10.9%), then the super-high yielding can be made success. (3)The peak capacity of sink on the super rice is about 870kg/667m2 , which were significant higher than those of Shanyou 63,but the variation of the effective filling rate of sink was wide rage between varieties and cultivated locations. The average effective filling rate of sink of super rice was 80.3%, there was still about 20% potential grain yield .【Conclusion】The yield components and population sink feature of super rice were large panicles based on the enough panicle number, greater total spikelets number of population and larger sink size mainly due to great numbers of primary and secondary branches in the panicles; raised seed setting and single panicle weight by optimizing the structure of branches and their spikelets. In this paper, study for super high-yielding culturing on super hybrid rice was proposed.

Key words: Super rice, Total amount of spikelets, Peak sink, Effective filling rate of sink, Branch, Single panicle weight