Scientia Agricultura Sinica

Allelic variation of puroindoline gene in Chinese spring wheat

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 217-224 .

Abstract ( 1211 )

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Sequence Polymorphisms of TaGSTF6 Gene Associated with Drought Tolerance in Common Wheat Accessions

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 225-232 .

Abstract ( 1168 )

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A study on genetic variation and genetic structure in three waxy corn landraces and Coix lacryma in Xishaungbanna by SSR analysis

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 234-243 .

Abstract ( 1464 )

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Metabolism of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Cytoplasmic Male-sterile Cotton Anther

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 244-249 .

Abstract ( 1403 )

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Preliminary study on population sink characters of super rice

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 250-257 .

Abstract ( 1217 )

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【Objective】In order to reveal the population grains sink and the yield formation characteristics of super rice.【Method】As the material with representative 5 indica super rice cultivars, and in comparison with Shanyou 63 under field conditions, the composition and characteristic of sink were studied. 【Result】the result indicated that: (1)The average yield of 5 super rice cultivars grew in Dongahi ,Xinghua and Changshu of Jiangsu province were 700.4kg/667m2 (from 678.9 kg/667m2 to 724.7kg/667m2), which were significant or extremely significant higher than those of Shanyou 63.The leading cause of high yield were greater total spikelets number of population. Increasing total spikelets number of population due to larger panicle than more panicles.(2)To obtain larger panicle by adding primary branches(PB) and its spikelets per PB and secondary branches(SB) and by stabilizing its spikelets per SB in the panicles of super rice, in which the main was increasing of secondary branches and its total spikelets. By increasing branch number to enlarge panicle-type, meanwhile, stabilizing mean grains on secondary branch in order to increase mean grains on panicle branch that can optimize traits of panicles, increase filling grains on branch and seed setting rate on panicle, and increase single panicle weight up to 4.0g(compared to ck+10.9%), then the super-high yielding can be made success. (3)The peak capacity of sink on the super rice is about 870kg/667m2 , which were significant higher than those of Shanyou 63,but the variation of the effective filling rate of sink was wide rage between varieties and cultivated locations. The average effective filling rate of sink of super rice was 80.3%, there was still about 20% potential grain yield .【Conclusion】The yield components and population sink feature of super rice were large panicles based on the enough panicle number, greater total spikelets number of population and larger sink size mainly due to great numbers of primary and secondary branches in the panicles; raised seed setting and single panicle weight by optimizing the structure of branches and their spikelets. In this paper, study for super high-yielding culturing on super hybrid rice was proposed.

The Effect of Film Mulching on the Transport and Distribution of 14C-Reserves in Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) During the Grain-filling

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 258-263 .

Abstract ( 1068 )

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The effects of the film mulching on the transportation and distribution of the pre-stored carbon 14C-reserves in the grain filling stage was studied with the techniques of feeding labelled 14CO2 to flag leaves and isotope tracing. The results showed that about 90 percent of the assimilated 14C-reserves before anthesis had been stored in the stem, sheath and rachis, and about 10 percent remained in the leaves at anthesis. Both of them will be transported to the kernels. When maturation, 14C-reserves in the leaves were almost exported entirely, about 65% 14C-reserves remained in the stem, sheath and rachis, and about 30-35% stored in the kernels. For the wheat with the film mulching treatment the 14C-reserves were transported in a slower speed than that in the control. The investigation also revealed that under the film mulching conditions, the wheat had a larger leaf area with a slower senescence speed and a stronger assimilatory power, accumulated more dry matter and high yield. It was concluded that the main cause of the kernel production increase under the film mulching were the faster growth in the early stage and the slower senescence in the later stage, hence with a larger green leaf area and a stronger assimilatory power leading to the total assimilated dry matter content increased greatly and the production increased similarly, Whereas this didn’t result from the increase of assimilates translocation and distribution to the kernels .

A New High-efficient Cotton Graft Technique and Its Application

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 264-270 .

Abstract ( 1290 )

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Direct transplant of cotton somatic regenerated plants, transgenic plants and other types of axenic plantlets are rather difficult, normally with lower survival ratios. To some extent, low survival ratios limit the application of biotechnology and cyto-engineering in cotton genetic improvement. Cotton graft can solve this problem preferably, and be well employed in conservation of the rare germplasm materials, genetic segregative populations and incompatible interspecific hybridization. In the study, a new high–efficient graft technique in cotton was explored and designated as cotton join graft technique. Cotton transgenic plants, F2 segregative population and general plants were grafted by using this technique. The results showed that the survival ratios ranged from 90% to 100%, and obviously were genotype independent. It was better that the rootstocks were with more 1-2 leaves than scions when grafting. The survival ratio was the highest when the scions were in 1 leaf and rootstock seedlings in 2 leaves. The scions should be remained at least 1 leaf. Higher survival ratios were obtained when the scion and rootstock from the same cotton variety compared those from different cottons. And the hybrids as rootstocks could get better effects.

Response of root border cells to aluminium toxicity in soybean

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 271-276 .

Abstract ( 1117 )

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Experiments were performed with two soybean cultivars (Zhuchun No.3 and Liaoxian No.3) under aeroponic culture. The objective was to investigate (1) The production and development of border cells in soybean; (2) The effect of Al3+ on the release and viability of border cells. Under aeroponic culture, border cells shape of both soybean cultivars at the initial stage was spherical and small. As cells developed, they became ellipsoidal or spectacular and long in shape. The number of border cells reached the maximum value (Zhuchun No.3 3000 and Lianxian No.3 3800 ) when soybean was 15-25 mm in length. The number and viability of border cells released from roots treated with 100, 200, 300, 400?mol·L-1 Al3+ were less than that from roots without Al3+ treatment, and Al3+ seriously inhibited the production and viability with high concentration Al3+ treatment. The PME activity increased with 200?mol·L-1 Al3+and 300?mol·L-1 Al3+ for 4h, whereas remarkably decreased with 400?mol·L-1 Al3+. These results suggested that high concentration Al3+ inhibited the production and release of soybean, decreased PME activity. Response of border cells to Al3+ in Liaoxian No.3 was more sensible than in Zhechun No.3.

cDNA-AFLP analysis of gene expression response to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and identification of genes expressed differentially during this compatible

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 277-282 .

Abstract ( 1608 )

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To elucidate the nature of rice susceptible response to infection by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) at the genomic levels, analysis of the cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) pattern of mock- and Xoo-inoculated rice suspension cultured cells was performed. Three hundred and sixty-three (9.1%) from approximately 4,000 cDNA fragments analyzed were differentially regulated (295 up-regulated and 68 down-regulated) 0.5, 3, 24 h after co-cultivation with Xoo. Seven types of gene expression patterns of the differential fragments were identified. Ten of 31 sequenced fragments showed homology to genes with known or putative functions involved in metabolism, pathogen response and signaling, while 21 others did not show any homology to sequences with known functions. cDNA-AFLP differential patterns for 5 selected genes were confirmed via real-time reverse transcription–PCR analysis. This work begins to reveal potential disease susceptibility-related genes of this staple crop with global importance.

Recent Advances in Classification of Tomato Bacterial Spot Pathogen, Genetics of Resistance, and Marker-assisted Selection

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 283-290 .

Abstract ( 1615 )

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Bacterial spot is one of the most important bacterial diseases in tomato growing areas in the world. It causes severe yield and fruit quality losses, and thus has been receiving breeding attention for decades. Due to the existence of multiple species and races, and the quantitative inheritance of resistance, breeding for resistance to the pathogen has been slow. Marker-assisted selection provides breeders a tool to screen resistance to multiple races and to combine or pyramid multiple resistances into one variety or hybrid. Previous reviews provide detailed information about the disease including occurrence, symptoms, damages caused by the disease, integrated managements, the genetics of resistance, and breeding progress up to 1997. Since then, progress has been made to detect new species and races of the pathogen, discover new resistance sources, and identify molecular markers linked to genes conferring resistance to bacterial spot. The strategy of combining molecular tools with traditional breeding approach is also beginning to demonstrate progress. In this review, we will summarize these progresses and discuss the promise of marker-assisted selection in breeding for resistance to bacterial spot.

The evaluation of resistance and study of resistant mechanism of peanut varieties to scab disease

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 291-297 .

Abstract ( 1400 )

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For detecting the resistance of varieties of peanut against leaf scab, the seedlings of 32 varieties were inoculated with the spore of scab pathogen, and the observation on the disease development in the field was systematically carried out. The results showed that 11 varieties, including Eyou 5 and Huaihua 8, were susceptible; 10 varieties, including Puhua 16 and Jinhuasheng 1, were moderate susceptible; 8 varieties, including Eyou 9 and Huaihua 8, were moderate resistant; 3 varieties, including Xuhua 8 and G/845, were resistant. The results of differents parts of leaves from the cirruses of 8 varieties revealed that the incidence of a disease, the top leaf of the MR-R varieties， was 0%-23.8%, the rate of the diseased leaf belonging to the V、VI degrees；while the MS-S varieties ，the incidence of a disease is 84.0%-100% and 10.7%-37.1%.The results of leaf activities of enzyme and the content tests of MDA of different disease levels from different susceptible varieties revealed that activities of POD and the content tests of MDA raised accordingly and had close relation; while the activities of CAT and SOD descended .The results of micro-measure of different parts and phases revealed that the different reactions to scab pathogen were determined by the cortical structural differences of varieties. The resistant varieties and aging structures have thicker cutin, less stoma density in the leaf; The susceptible varieties and tender structures have thinner cutin, much stoma density in the leaf.

Development of Anti-Isoproturon Antibody

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 298-303 .

Abstract ( 1490 )

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To produce high titre polyclonal antibody (PAb)to the pesticide isoproturon，two compounds named [1-(3-carboxypropyl)-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1-methylurea] [HAPTEN 4C] and [1-(5-carboxypentyl)-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1-methylurea] [HAPTEN 6C] were synthesized. HAPTEN 6C was conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the modified active ester method，and artificial antigen of isoproturon was prepared and then it was as immunizing hapten in rabbits． The anti-isoproturon antibody was obtained．Using HAPTEN 4C as the coating antigen, the method of the indirect competitive ELISA for isoproturon was established and used to determine the titre of the antibody． The antibody had high titre and specificity for isoproturon．

Distribution of nitrogen pools in different sizes of soil aggregates in Loess Plateau

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 304-313 .

Abstract ( 1130 )

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According to both different types of vegetation and types of soil, we collected twenty-two soil samples from different regions of the Loess Plateau in order to investigate the distribution of the soil nitrogen in different kinds of soil aggregates. The results indicated that the content of organic nitrogen, mineral nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen had a descending tendency with the depth of soil layer, no matter the kinds of soil aggregates. The content of organic nitrogen was different in various kinds of soil aggregates, and the content of organic nitrogen appear the shape of a“∧”with the kinds of soil aggregates from >5mm to <0.25mm, there was a peak value at the soil aggregate of 0.25~1mm. There are not obvious distribution pattern of the content of mineral nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in different kinds of soil aggregates. The nitrogen stockpiling quantity distribution in different kinds of soil aggregates appear the shape of a“∨”, no matter organic nitrogen, mineral nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The content of nitrogen of every kind of soil aggregate decreases with the increase of latitude in the Loess Plateau, Eum-Orthic Anthrosols is the highest and Ust-Sandiic Entisols is the lowest. Although the content and stockpiling quantity of nitrogen was different in various types of vegetation, there was a same trend, which was: natural forest land >bare land> artificial forest land>farming land.

Favorable Effect of Nitrogen Before Transplanting on Nitrogen Distribution and Utilization Efficiency in The Rhizosphere Soil of Rice

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 314-321 .

Abstract ( 1304 )

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[Objective] This paper was to explore the effects of nitrogen before transplanting on nitrogen distribution and utilization efficiency in the rhizosphere soil of rice , and to give guidance for application of nitrogen fertilizer . [Method] The effects of nitrogen before transplanting application rate on spatio-temporal distributing of available nitrogen , utilization and yield were studied with Ningjing-2 utilizing the environment of breeding seedling through plastic-plate and transplanting with soil. [Result] The results showed that nitrogen before transplanting could markedly improve nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of rice . Along with the days after transplanting adding , nitrogen content in soil that 1 cm apart from plant was falling . But , which of 4 , 7 cm apart from plant was first increasing then falling . The results also showed increasing nitrogen application rate increased total nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen utilization efficiency , but the yield wasn’t linear increased . Yield of NM(310.5 kgN /ha) was highest . [Conclusion] The results suggested that 310.5 kgN /ha in seedling field could increase nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of rice ,accelerate tiller’s developing and enhance the rate of effective tiller . Nitrogen utilization efficiency and grain yield both were markedly increased .

Study of Effects of Partial Rootzone Non-pressure Subirrigation on the Physiological Characteristics of Tomato

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 322-329 .

Abstract ( 1475 )

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With the matierials of No.1 DongSheng tomato, studied the changing pattern of soil water status and morphological indexes under different(water elevation respectively is –3cm,0cm,3cm,and 6cm),the effects on the changing of photosynthetic rate,and some physiological indexes,like leaf water potential,sap leaf cell concentration, relative leaf water content and so on. The results showed that every water applying level can meet the needs of tomato,the changing pattern of soil water status are resemble.The plants under the treatment of 6cm growed well, the plants of 3cm and 0cm treatment a little worse than 6cm,-3cm treatment is the worst. The leaf transpiration speed, stomatal conductance of tomato under -3cm treatment is the smallest,but the WUE is the hightest. The leaf transpiration speed, stomatal conductance of tomato under 6cm treatment is the biggest, the WUE is lower.The results suggested,Partial rootzone non-pressure subirrigation greatly increased WUE of tomato and is worth promoting in the agricultural production.

Study on the Green Tax Stimulation Measure of Nitrogen Fertilizer Non-point Source Pollution Control in the Dongting Lake Area

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 330-337 .

Abstract ( 1417 )

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【Objective】Study on designing the tax of nitrogen fertilizer can provide one of the new ways for controlling nitrogen fertilizer non-point source pollution. 【Method】The tax design of nitrogen fertilizer was discussed by utilizing the external theory and the demand elasticity theory.【Result】The results showed that the 11 counties (cities and districts) which the farmland nitrogen application in the Dongting Lake area surpassed the average ecological fertilization dosage are listed to the taxation scope of nitrogen fertilizer tax, the ecological environment loss will reduce 0.07×108 Yuan and the revenue will increase 0.89×108 Yuan in the country after levying on nitrogen fertilizer. The economic benefits, which brought about by the increasing of the food supplies production, will be 0.58×108 Yuan and the net social benefit will be 1.58×108 Yuan after the revenue collecting. The variation scope of the increasing expenditure of farmers will range from 0.95％ to 1.49％. The increasing income of farmers will take up -5.93％ to 8.41％ of the net total income. The 6 counties (cities or districts), Huarong, Miluo, Anxiang, Lixian, Nanxian and Yuanjiang, in which the nitrogen application surpassed the ecological fertilization dosage and decreases the food supplies production are listed to the N fertilizer tax collecting scope, the ecological environment loss will reduce 0.06×108 Yuan and the revenue will increase 0.49×108 Yuan in the country after levying on nitrogen fertilizer. The economic benefits, which brought about by the increasing of the cereals production, will be 1.25×108 Yuan and the net social benefit will be 1.85×108 Yuan after the revenue collecting. The variation scope of the increasing expenditure of farmers will range from 1.01％ to1.49％. The increasing income of farmers will take up 2.57％ to 8.41％ of the net total income. The coefficient of price elasticity of nitrogen fertilizer demand is 0.21, which instructed that the market demand and supply are in lack of elasticity in the short period and the impact of nitrogen Fertilizer manufacturers is subtle. 【Conclusion】Considering from the entire social welfare, taxation of nitrogen fertilizer will have more advantages than the disadvantages in the Dongting Lake area. It is more appropriate to list the Nitrogen application surpassing the average ecological fertilization dosage and the food supplies production not decreasing areas as the nitrogen fertilizer tax collecting scope.

Cytological studies on male and female gametophytes development in an interspecific hybrid F1 from Cucumis hystrix Chakr.×C. sativus L.

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 338-344 .

Abstract ( 1089 )

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Male and female gametophytes development in an interspecific hybrid F1 of Cucumis hystrix Chakr.×C. sativus L. (NC4406) were studied through meiotic analysis and paraffin section observation. And meanwhile, the fertile level and potential value of this hybrid in the breeding programs were assessed. Variable chromosome configurations were observed in the pollen mother cells (PMCs) of hybrid F1 at metaphase I, e.g. univalent, bivalents, trivalents and quadrivalents, et al. At anaphase I and Ⅱ, chromosome lagging and bridges resulted from irregular chromosome separation and asynchronization between the different genomes were frequently observed as well, which led to formation of polyads and only partial microspores could developed into fertile pollen grains (about 23.3%). Observations of paraffin sections observed lots of degenerated and abnormal embryo sacs during the female gametophytes development. And only 40% female gametophytes could develop into normal 8 – nuclear megaspore. Fertility test indicated that the male and female gametophytes were partially fertile. On average, 22.8 and 6.3 seeds per fruit could be obtained from the reciprocal backcross, respectively, indicating that this hybrid is a useful germplasm for transferring exotic gene at diploid level.

The Effect of Bagging on Fruit Characteristics and Quality in Tomato through Winter

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 345-351 .

Abstract ( 1736 )

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Abstract: “JYK” tomato was used to determine the biological effects of different bags type, in order to make clear the effect of bagging on the development, fruit characteristics, quality and pesticide residual. The results showed that fruit rigidity and soluble solid were decreased with bagging which lowed the pesticide residual and flavor quality such as vitamine C, soluble sugar, Titratble acid etc. And water content was increased. Meanwhile, the chlorophyll decomposing accelerated, and the biosynthesis of carotenoid and Lyconepe improved. In the fruit ripening stage, the content of Lyconepe of CK, Parchment bag, Wufangbu bag and Plastic bag separately were 5.27mg/100g, 5.48 mg/100g, 8.14 mg/100g, 7.12 mg/100g. Moreover, the treatment with bagging increased the single fruit weight by15.34%, 13.22% and 9.02% respectively compared to non-bagging, and that of parchment bag was highest, more than Wufangbu bag and Plastic bag. These treatments were higher. Therefore, the quality of tomato fruit was affected by bagging which improved the performance quality.

Relationship between NAD Kinase and NAD(H), NADP(H) and Active Oxygen during Ripening and Senescence of Postharvest Strawberry Fruit

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 352-357 .

Abstract ( 1542 )

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Abstracts: The changes of NADK activity during ripening and senescence of posth- arvest strawberry fruit at 4℃ and 20℃ and the content of NAD(H) , NADP(H), H2O2 , malondialdehyde(MDA) and O2- production rate were studied . The results showed that the NADK activity and the contents of NADP(H) in strawberry at low temperature（4℃） was more than those at 20℃, but the content of NAD（H）at 4℃ was less than that at 20℃. Meanwhile, the O2- production rate and the content of H2O2 and MDA at 4℃ was slower and less than those at 20℃. It implied that NADK regulated the process of oxidation metabolism and ripening and senescence of strawberry probably by influencing the content and proportion of NAD（H）and NADP(H) , the O2- production rate and content of H2O2 .

Processing Technique on Apricot Beverage Fermented with Two Mixed Yeasts

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 358-364 .

Abstract ( 1422 )

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Apricots （Prunus armeniaca）originated in China. The fruit has a good flavor and a higher nutritional valuation. To exploit new pathway of processing, Apricot juice (cv.Lanzhoudajie) was used as raw material to process the beverage fermented with two mixed yeasts. Results showed that the rate of sugar reduction and fermentation increased as long with the increase of temperature. At higher temperature, the content of residual sugar was higher and the alcohol content was lower when the fermentation was finished. At the same temperature, no significant difference was found in fermentation rate, the content of titratable acid and alcohol when pH at 3.5 to 4.0. Single dried active yeast power (Fali yeast) had a rapider sugar reduction and a higher fermentation rate than that of mixed dried active yeast power (Fali yeast) and fruit wine yeast (Saccharomyces fruit). The fermentation rate and the alcohol content decreased as long with the increase of fruit wine yeast adding. The titratable acid content increased during early stage, and decreased during late stage at the different condition of temperature. The fermented one had a little more titratable acid content than that in the juice. The optimum condition of fermentation was as 25℃ for 20h, pH 3.5, 3% of inoculums amount and 1:3 ratio of dried active yeast power and fruit wine yeast. The sensory evaluation indicated the fermented beverage with two mixed yeasts was rich in fruit and ester aroma, slight in alcohol and good in taste.

Application of Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope in Beef Origin Traceability

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 365-372 .

Abstract ( 1568 )

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【Objective】To probed into the feasibility of isotopic traceability in beef geographical traceability in China, and found out the function of δ13C and δ15N values in it. 【Method】The δ13C and δ15N values of beef, cattle hair and feeds coming from four regions of Jilin, Guizhou, Ningxia, Hebei were determined using isotope ratio spectrometer, the difference of carbon and nitrogen composition of beef samples from different regions were compared, the correlations of isotope composition between cattle tissues were analyzed, and the changing laws of δ13C and δ15N values of beef were researched combining feeding mode. 【Results】The δ13C values of cattle tissues from different regions had much significant difference, the order was Jilin>Guizhou>Ninxia>Hebei. The δ15N values of cattle tissues also had obvious significant difference between the region of Jilin, Ningxia and the region of Guizhou and Hebei, and the latter two was higher than the former two. The staple feeds from different regions had their own character. In addition, the correlations of δ13C and δ15N values between defatted muscle, crude fat and cattle hair were very significant. 【Conclusion】The δ13C values of cattle tissues could predict the proportion of C4 feeds in their diets, and the δ15N values could discriminate the cattle which feeding with grass and cereal. The identification rates for the cattle geographical traceability using δ13C values were higher than using δ15N values, and the identification rates were improved using both δ13C and δ15N. The δ13C and δ15N values of defatted muscle, crude fat, cattle hair could be used for beef geographical origin assessment, and they provided the consistent information to geographical traceability.

Construction of Prokaryotic Expression Vector of Mouse Nanog Gene and its Expression

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 373-378 .

Abstract ( 1218 )

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A pair of primers were designed according to enzyme digestion sites in pGEX-KG and the Nanog gene sequence published by Genbank. The DNA fragment of 918bp was amplified by PCR from the pNA992 recombinant plasmid with Nanog gene, then cloned into pGEX-KG and transformed into the host E.coli strain TGⅠ. The fragment was conformed to the original sequence. It indicated that fusion expression vector pGEX-KG-Nanog was constructed．The recombinant plasmid was taken and transformed into BL21(DE3) for expression. Induced by IPTG at 37℃, the expression product of Nanog gene was identified by SDS-PAGE. The results revealed that Nanog protein had been expressed successfully in the form of inclusion bodies, The molecular weight is 63kDa.Meanwhile,The optimum condition of Nanog protein expression was induced with 0.8mmol/L IPTG for 5h.

Characterization and Promoting Efficacy of the Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus 5’ Untranslated Region

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 379-384 .

Abstract ( 1165 )

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The transcriptional regulation of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR) is unknown. We have studied the activity of UTRs from replication-competent molecular clones by performing luciferase reporter assays. The UTR has higher promoter activity than that of LTR. 5’UTR lacking the R region showed strong promoter activity, whereas for 5’UTR devoid of the U3 repeat box, the promoter activity was significantly decreased. 5’UTR lacking the entire U3 displayed higher promoter activity than that of 5’UTR only lacking the U3 repeat box. Our results revealed that there might be an interaction of some factors with the R region causing suppressed activity. The U3 repeat box acted as an enhancer; where the downstream sequence of 5’UTR (PBS and Leader) may have transcription factors’ binding sites regulating this positive effect. the upstream sequences of U3 may have cis-elements that reduce the transcriptional activation of 5’UTR.

Combining expression and protective efficacy of 45W-4BX and 18ku from different stages of Taenia solium

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 385-390 .

Abstract ( 1086 )

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Truncated 45W-4B with the deletion of signal peptide sequence and C?terminal nucleotides encoding 17 hydrophobic amino acids, cloned into BamH I and EcoR I pre-digested pGEX-4T-1 and transformed into competent BL21 and the positive transformants were determined by enzyme restriction and PCR and sequencing, followed by ligating with the signal sequence-removed 18ku fragment, the positive designed as pGEX-4BX/18. Results of SDS-PAGE and Western blot showed that the 50ku fusion protein was expressed at a high level in E. coli and recognized by sera from either patients or pigs early infected by Cysticercus cellulosae. In order to evaluate the efficacy of 4BX/18 and 4BX antigens, vaccination trail was performed with 300礸 dose per pig. Statistic data indicated that the efficacy of the group immunized with 4BX/18 was 99%, a little higher than that of the GST-4BX group (95%), supporting the bases of development of highly efficient recombinant vaccines against cysticercosis jointly using different protective antigens from different developmental stages of parasites.

Research on Clone, Expression and Protein Purification of the Antifungal Peptide Drs and Its Isoforms from Drosophila Melanogaster

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 391-398 .

Abstract ( 1317 )

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Drosomycin(Drs) is an insect antifungal peptide include 44-residue from Drosophila melanogaster only has broad-spectrum activity against filamentous fungi. Expect drs gene, there are six genes, Drs-lC, Drs-lD, Drs-lE, Drs-lF, Drs-lG and Drs-lH, showed homology to the Drs formed a gene family on the 3rd chromosome of D. melanogaster. Their mature peptides have the same guard sites and the CS徕 motif. In order to identify the function of these six members and study the relations of molecular structure and the function, these peptides should be cloned and expressed to obtain purified native sample. In this paper, six sequences were synthesized by two steps of PCR, cloned to the pET-3C vector and expressed in the E.coli origami, the expression products were purified by CM Sepharose?Fast Flow, Sephacryl S-100 High Resolution, Sephadex?G-25 medium and treated to retrieve the dimensional structure, finally the native peptides were obtained.

Relationship between Some Physiology Characteristics andDrought Resistance at Flowering Stage in Rice

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 399-404 .

Abstract ( 1539 )

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Rice may suffer serious water stress during its growth period. Drought affects the process of physiology metabolizability. Ten rice and upland rice varieties with different drought resistant abilities were used as experimental materials. Changes in ascorbic acid (Vc)content, free amino acid content, soluble protein content ,malondialdehyde (MDA)content and antioxidative enzyme activities were studied under both irrigation and drought conditions at flowering stage. The results were as follows: water stress increased Vc content, free amino acid content, soluble protein content and malondialdehyde (MDA)content, and increased superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities in leaves at flowering stage. Correlation analysis showed that drought-resistant coefficient significantly correlated or very significantly correlated with relative value of Vc content, free amino acid content, MDA content and SOD activity under both irrigation and drought conditions, therefore, relative value of thesecould be selected to using the identification indexes of drought resistance at flowering stage. Using stepwise regression equation to evaluate the drought resistance of rice cultivars was more scientifically and reliably.

Correlation Analysis on Test Weight with Yield and Quality in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 405-411 .

Abstract ( 1486 )

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29 summer maize varieties grew in Shandong province were divide into three types through cluster analysis: High-test weight type (H-TW), Middle-test weight type (M-TW) and Low-test weight type (L-TW). Both the variations of variety and that of area were significant. Kernel shape controlled by gene types was important determinant factor for test weight, and the difference of test weight between different kernels was significant. The value was Pop> Flint >Dent. The effect of nitrogen amount on test weight of maize was not significant. Correlation analysis indicated that test weight of different type maize was significantly and positively correlated with kernel weight and yield. There was a negative correlation between test weight and gross fat content. Test weight was correlated positively and significantly with protein content and starch content separately. Pass analysis also indicated that Lysine content was the main limit factor for test weight, because of its least decision coefficient (R(3)2=-0.05%), and the Lysine especially limited the forming of protein. Therefore, increasing starch content is important for test weight.

Effect of Different Textural Soils on Rhizosphere Microorganisms and Enzyme Activities in Maize

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 412-418 .

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Abstract: The number of 3 rhizosphere microorganisms(bacteria, fungi, actinomycete) and 5 enzyme(catalase, proteasee ,urease, phosphatase,invertase) activities were studied during the whole life of corn plant in the sandy loam, loam and clay soil textures in the condition of pond culture.The main results are as follows: before seeding,the number of microorganisms in sandy loam was largest and smallest in clay.Enzyme activities in clay was highest and lowest in sandy loam. The dynamic change of rhizosphere microorganisms and enzyme activities in the 3 soil textures both turned on a parabola,with the peak in the silking stage,and then reducing gradually.In silking stage,the number of the 3 microorganisms was largest in loan and smallest in clay;and the 5 enzyme activites was highest in loam and lowest in sandy loam.At maturity,the number of bacteria and actinomycete was largest in loam and smallest in clay,while the number of fungi was largest in loam and smallest in sandy loam.The catalase activities was highest in clay and lowest in sandy loam,while the rest four were all highest in loam and lowest in sandy loam.In conclusion,the number of rhizosphere microorganisms and enzyme activities were affected by both the development of corn and soil texture.

Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Cucumber Under Osmotic Pressure

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 419-425 .

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【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to clarify the protective effects of nitric oxide (NO) on seed germination, seedling growth and leaf oxidative damage in osmotic stress cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.).【Method】Under 25% (W•V-1) PEG-6000 stress condition, the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an exogenous nitric oxide donor) at the concentration of 0.1 and 0.5 mmol•L-1 on the germination, growth, leaf oxidative damage and protective enzymatic activities in cucumber seedlings were investigated.【Result】The significant effect on the alleviation of osmotic stress damage was observed in the treatment of 0.1 mmol•L-1 SNP. At this concentration, the seed germination rate, germination index and vigor index were increased by 18.89%, 86.03% and 3.02 times respectively, plant height, root length and fresh weight were increased by 1.15, 2.17 and 1.16 times respectively, proline content and activities of SOD, POD, CAT and APX in leaves were increased by 50.99%, 42.39%, 66.58%, 79.03% and 116.39% respectively, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves was decreased by 4.13 times.【Conclusion】The above results indicated that and dosage effect of exogenous nitric oxide donor (SNP) existed on the promotion of germination and alleviation of osmotic stress in cucumber seedlings, and better alleviation effect on osmotic stress damage was 0.1 mmol•L-1 SNP, which elevated the drought resistance of plants.

The Study on Genomic Polymorphism among

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(2): 426-432 .

Abstract ( 1426 )

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