入侵植物根际溶磷菌的分离鉴定及全基因组测序分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The rhizosphere soil of invasive plants may harbor abundant phosphate-solubilizing microbial resources. This study aims to isolate and screen highly efficient phosphate-solubilizing strains from their rhizosphere soil, thereby identifying functional strains with application potential for soil improvement and sustainable agricultural development.【Method】Using rhizosphere soil samples collected from 10 invasive plants across different habitats, efficient phosphate-solubilizing strains were isolated via screening on solid medium and quantified by the molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method. Molecular identification was performed, and two novel strains were selected for further analysis of their phosphate-solubilizing capacity and whole-genome sequencing. Genome assembly, functional annotation, and mining of potential phosphorus-cycling gene clusters and mechanisms were conducted to evaluate their phosphorus utilization potential.【Result】Sixteen efficient phosphate-solubilizing strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soils of different invasive plants. Two novel strains, designated IPSM-1 and IPSM-2, were identified based on 16S rDNA sequencing. The phosphate-solubilizing capacity assay showed a significant difference between the two strains: IPSM-2 released up to 448.82 mg·L^-1 of soluble phosphate, significantly higher than the 243.00 mg·L^-1 released by IPSM-1. Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA software confirmed that IPSM-1 and IPSM-2 belong to the genus Priestia and Pseudomonas, respectively. After 10 d of culture, the ratio of phosphate-solubilizing zone diameter to colony diameter (D/d) was 2.07 for IPSM-1 and 2.41 for IPSM-2, indicating stronger solubilization potential by IPSM-2. Growth curve analysis revealed that IPSM-1 exhibited better growth characteristics, whereas IPSM-2 demonstrated higher phosphate-solubilizing potential. Scanning electron microscopy further revealed clear differences in colony morphology, cell structure, and growth features between the two strains. Genomic analysis showed that IPSM-1 has a genome size of 5 961 332 bp with a GC content of 37.48%. Its functional genes were notably enriched in pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid transport, and signal transduction, along with a high number of phosphorylation-related genes. In contrast, IPSM-2 possesses a larger genome of 8 746 878 bp with a GC content of 67.15%. Besides stronger enrichment in the aforementioned metabolic and signaling pathways, it also contains significantly more genes involved in transmembrane transport and metal ion binding, as well as relatively complete gene clusters for organic acid synthesis and secretion.【Conclusion】The two novel phosphate-solubilizing strains obtained in this study exhibit high phosphate-solubilizing efficiency. Among them, IPSM-1 may primarily achieve phosphorus dissolution through intracellular phosphorus metabolism pathways, making it more suitable for long-term low-phosphorus stress environments. IPSM-2 exhibits enhanced phosphorus dissolution capacity through multiple mechanisms such as secretion of organic acids and chelation of metal ions. Both strains provide excellent microbial resources for developing efficient microbial fertilizers.

Key words: phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, invasive plant, rhizosphere microorganism, phosphate-solubilizing capacity, whole-genome sequencing analysis

MI ChunXiao, ZHANG Qiang, GUO JiaQi, FAN LinRan, LI RuiYing, ZHANG YanJun, ZHANG GuiLong, WANG Hui, ZHAO JianNing. Isolation, Identification and Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in Invasive Plant Rhizosphere[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(8): 1697-1711.

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植物类别 Plant category	采样时间 Sampling date	采样地点 Sampling location	生境类型 Habitat type	经纬度 Longitude and latitude
三叶鬼针草Bidens pilosa	2024-08-12	山东省临沂市Linyi City, Shandong Province	林地Forestland	35.35° N, 118.31° E
大狼把草Bidens frondosa	2024-08-12	山东省临沂市Linyi City, Shandong Province	河边Riverside	35.46° N, 117.83° E
银胶菊Parthenium hysterophorus	2024-08-12	山东省济宁市Jining City, Shandong Province	路边Roadside	35.48° N, 116.41° E
垂序商陆Phytolacca americana	2024-08-12	山东省临沂市Linyi City, Shandong Province	林地Forestland	35.62° N, 118.11° E
一年蓬Erigeron annuus	2024-08-12	山东省临沂市Linyi City, Shandong Province	沟渠Ditch	35.42° N, 118.27° E
苏门白酒草Conyza sumatrensis	2024-08-11	山东省东营市Dongying City, Shandong Province	农田Farmland	38.01° N, 118.09° E
豚草Ambrosia artemisiifolia	2024-08-08	山东省青岛市Qingdao City, Shandong Province	农田Farmland	36.22° N, 120.18°E
三叶鬼针草Bidens pilosa	2024-08-10	山东省莱西市Laixi City, Shandong Province	苹果园Apple orchard	36.68° N, 120.44° E
大狼把草Bidens frondosa	2024-08-12	山东省临沂市Linyi City, Shandong Province	路边Roadside	35.52° N, 117.58° E
银胶菊Parthenium hysterophorus	2024-08-12	山东省济宁市Jining City, Shandong Province	农田Farmland	35.48° N, 116.41° E

菌株编号Strain number	时间 Time (d)	菌落直径 Colony diameter (d, mm)			平均值 Average (mm)	溶磷圈直径 Phosphate-solubilizing zone diameter (D, mm)			平均值 Average (mm)	D/d
IPSM-1	2	8.0	7.8	8.9	8.23	9.5	9.8	10.7	10.00	1.23±0.03
	4	10.1	10.5	10.3	10.30	15.9	16.8	16.1	16.27	1.58±0.02
	6	10.6	10.5	10.6	10.57	18.8	19.1	18.5	18.80	1.78±0.03
	8	10.4	10.7	10.3	10.47	20.8	21.8	21.1	21.23	2.04±0.01
	10	10.5	10.7	10.1	10.43	21.0	21.1	22.0	21.37	2.07±0.11
IPSM-2	2	5.9	6.3	5.7	5.97	10.4	8.4	10.0	9.60	1.57±0.21
	4	6.8	7.3	7.6	7.23	15.8	16.0	15.6	15.80	2.14±0.08
	6	7.6	7.2	7.1	7.30	17.1	16.1	16.5	16.57	2.28±0.04
	8	7.7	7.5	7.4	7.53	17.5	17.4	18.3	17.73	2.38±0.08
	10	7.5	7.4	7.6	7.50	17.5	17.8	18.5	17.93	2.41±0.02

基因组特征Genomic characteristics	IPSM-1	IPSM-2
基因组大小Genome size (bp)	5961332	8746878
Scaffold数量Number of scaffolds	30	48
GC含量GC content (%)	37.48	67.15
编码基因数量Number of protein-coding genes	6084	8131
重复序列数量Number of repetitive sequences	85	268
tRNA基因数量Number of tRNA genes	100	92
rRNA基因数量 Number of rRNA genes (5S/16S/23S)	11/1/1	2/2/2

Isolation, Identification and Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in Invasive Plant Rhizosphere

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