中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂耐寒性能差异比较

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.12.018

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 the objective of this research is to study the composition of cold resistance system in Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica, and to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the differences of cold resistance between the two species. 【Method】Five A. c. cerana colonies and five A. m. ligustica colonies which overwintered under the same equivalent environment were randomly selected with 10-25 bees in each colony on December 20th, 2015. The supercooling point (SCP) and freezing point (FP) were measured immediately, and their cold tolerance were compared. The free water, bound water, fat, glycogen, protein and the trehalase activities were determined, respectively. Four important regulatory genes were sure through the biosynthetic pathway of trehalose. The relative expression of the four important regulatory genes at mRNA level were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR in over-wintering period. 【Result】 Compared with A. m. ligustica, the super-cooling point was significantly higher than A. c. cerana (P＜0.05). The freezing point showed no obvious difference (P＞0.05). The free-water content of A. c. cerana was significantly lower than A. m. ligustica (P＜0.05), by contrast the bound-water content of A. c. cerana was obviously higher than A. m. ligustica (P＜0.05). There was no obvious difference in the fat content between A. cerana cerana and A. m. ligustica (P＞0.05). There were no significant differences in the protein content of two bee species (P＞0.05); glycogen content of A. c. cerana had significantly increased than A. mellifera ligustica in mid-winter (P＜0.05). The mannitol, sorbic alcohol content of A. c. cerana was twice as that of A. m. ligustica in the hemolymph (P＜0.05). The content of trehalose in A. c. cerana was obviously higher than A. m. ligustica (P＜0.05). The trehalase activity of A. c. cerana significantly reduced compared with A. m. ligustica in the body and hemolymph (P＜0.05). Compared with A. c. cerana, the relative expression levels of Tre-2 and UGP had significantly increased in A. m. ligustica (P＜0.05), but Tre-1 was obviously lower (P＜0.05). There was no obvious difference in the relative expression levels of TPS between A. c. cerana and A. m. ligustica (P＞0.05).【Conclusion】A. c. cerana decreases supercooling point by reducing the content of free water, increasing the content of glycogen and low molecular sugar, regulating trehalase activity related genes expression to increase its cold resistance.

Key words: Apis cerana cerana, Apis mellifera ligustica, super-cooling point (SCP), cold resistance, difference

QIN Ming, WANG HongFang, LIU ZhenGuo, WANG Ying, WANG Shuai, CHI XuePeng, LIU ChunLei, ZHANG WeiXing, XU BaoHua. Comparison of Different Cold Resistance betweenApis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(12): 2380-2388.

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