非洲猪瘟疫苗的研发策略与应用前景：可行性和可能性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.11.014

Abstract

Abstract:

African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) and the mortality of acute ASF is as high as 100%. Since ASF was introduced to China in 2018, the global prevalence and impacts of ASF were increasing. After more than three years of the epidemic of the virulent genotype II ASFV, the low virulent genotypes II and I ASFV strains emerged, resulting in an extremely complicated situation for the control and eradication of ASF in China. As an effective tool for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, the research and development of ASF vaccines have received considerable attention from the government, pig industry, vaccine manufacturers, and the scientific community. With the continuous investment of ASF research funding in recent years, based on development strategies of inactivation, attenuation, subunit, viral vector, and DNA vaccines, the unprecedented progress has been made in the development of ASF vaccines, which increased our understanding of ASF vaccine development and evaluation. In addition, some promising ASF vaccine candidates have been evaluated in preclinical models and were currently in clinical trials, showing the good application prospects, but there were still some problems hindering its further development. With a focus on the latest advances in ASF vaccines, this review summarized the advantages and disadvantages of different vaccines development strategies, the comprehensive evaluation of current ASF vaccine candidates, the development direction in the future, the challenges in developing safe and efficacious ASF vaccines, and the application prospects of ASF vaccines, so as to provide some insights for industry insiders.

Key words: African swine fever, vaccines, development strategies, application prospects

WANG Tao, LUO Rui, SUN Yuan, QIU HuaJi. Development Strategies and Application Prospects of African Swine Fever Vaccines: Feasibility and Probability[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(11): 2212-2222.

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策略 Strategy	优点 Advantage	缺点 Disadvantage
灭活疫苗 Inactivated virus vaccine	安全 Safety	不能提供保护 No protection
减毒活疫苗 Live attenuated vaccine	能提供完全同源保护 Complete homology protection	有残留毒力 Residual virulence
亚单位、DNA、活病毒载体疫苗 Subunit/DNA/Live virus-vectored vaccine	只能提供部分或无保护 Partial or no protection	无法阻止发病和排毒 Inability to prevent onset disease and virus shedding
基因缺失疫苗 Gene-deleted vaccine	能提供同源和部分交叉保护 Homology and partial cross-protection	有残留毒力 Residual virulence

Development Strategies and Application Prospects of African Swine Fever Vaccines: Feasibility and Probability

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