不同Bt蛋白对捕食性天敌大草蛉的生态安全性评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.09.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential effects of Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Cry2Ab proteins, which have been transformed into Bt cotton, on Chrysopa pallens, the main predatory enemy in Bt cotton fields of China. 【Method】The effects of Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Cry2Ab proteins on the important life table parameters (weight of 4th instar larvae, developmental period of larvae, pupation rate, pupa weight, developmental period of pupae, eclosion rate, adult weight and total fecundity) of C. pallens were evaluated by the method of adding the high-dose Bt proteins in the artificial diet of C. pallens, and the pure artificial diet of C. pallens treated without insecticidal compound was used as negative control while the artificial diet of C. pallens treated with PA (KH₂AsO₄) was used as positive control. Meanwhile, the concentrations of Bt protein in larvae, pupae and adults of C. pallens after feeding with Bt protein-treated diet were measured by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-link immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) method. The stability and bioactivity of Bt protein in the fresh prepared diet or diet that had been exposed to C. pallens for 2 days were measured by ELISA and sensitive-insect bioassay, respectively. In addition, the main digestive enzymes (total protease, tryptase, chymotrypsin, and aminopeptidase), detoxifying enzymes (α-naphthyl acetate esterase, carboxylesterase, glutathione-S-transferase, acetylcholinesterase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) of C. pallens after feeding on control artificial diet, Bt protein-treated diet or PA-treated diet were compared by using enzyme activity measurement method. 【Result】 The results of life table evaluation showed that there was no significant adverse effect on the weight of 4th instar larvae, developmental period of larvae, pupation rate, pupa weight, developmental period of pupae, eclosion rate, adult weight and total fecundity of C. pallens by adding Bt protein or Bt protein mixture to the artificial diet, but the addition of PA in the artificial diet extremely significant prolonged the developmental period of larvae and pupae, and extremely significant decreased the weight of 4th instar larvae, pupation rate, pupa weight, eclosion rate, adult weight and total fecundity of C. pallens. The measurement results of Bt protein concentration in C. pallens showed that there was a certain amount of Bt protein in the larvae, pupae and adults of C. pallens after feeding on Bt protein-treated diet. The ELISA and sensitive-insect bioassay measurement results indicated that both the fresh prepared diet and diet that had been exposed to C. pallens for 2 days contained high concentration of Bt protein with biological activity. Thus, C. pallens was exposed to high concentration of Bt protein with biological activity in the whole process of bioassay. Furthermore, ingestion of Bt protein-treated diet had no significant effect on the activities of digestive enzymes, detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in C. pallens larvae and adults, but ingestion of PA-treated diet remarkably decreased the activity of aminopeptidase in C. pallens larvae and adults and increased the activities of other testing enzymes of C. pallens. 【Conclusion】 C. pallens is insensitive to the three tested Bt proteins (Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Cry2Ab). Ingestion of the tested Bt proteins has no obviously detrimental effect on the development and activities of main digestive enzymes, detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant enzymes of C. pallens. The biological evaluation system established in this study can also be used to evaluate the ecological safety of other insecticidal proteins from new insect-resistant genetically modified crops to C. pallens.

Key words: Bt protein, non-target organism, Chrysopa pallens, biosafety, natural enemy, prey quality

ZHAO Man, TANG JinRong, NIU LinLin, CHEN Lin, LIANG GeMei. Ecological Safety Evaluation of Different Bt Proteins on the Predator Chrysopa pallens[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(9): 1541-1552.

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References 30

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参数 Parameter	处理Treatment
参数 Parameter	纯人工饲料 Control	Cry1Ac (500 μg·g^-1)	Cry1F (500 μg·g^-1)	Cry2Ab (500 μg·g^-1)	Cry1Ac & Cry1F (500 μg·g^-1)	Cry1Ac & Cry2Ab (500 μg·g^-1)	PA (30 μg·g^-1)
4龄幼虫体重 Weight of 4th instar larvae (mg)	14.55±0.15	14.16±0.15	14.10±0.09	15.17±0.30	14.45±0.27	15.27±0.43	11.78±0.35**
幼虫发育历期 Developmental period of larvae (d)	11.66±0.11	11.88±0.06	11.96±0.08	11.87±0.22	11.82±0.25	11.65±0.17	18.60±0.43**
化蛹率 Pupation rate (%)	85.00±4.43	83.00±1.91	91.00±2.52	88.00±3.65	84.00±4.32	90.00±2.58	56.00±3.65**
蛹重 Pupal weight (mg)	16.83±0.16	17.24±0.19	17.43±0.14	17.55±0.06	17.38±0.20	16.86±0.40	12.63±0.13**
蛹发育历期 Developmental period of pupae (d)	13.81±0.05	14.23±0.07	13.66±0.06	13.32±0.24	13.57±0.33	13.43±0.18	17.18±0.14**
羽化率 Eclosion rate (%)	81.00±1.91	80.00±1.63	84.00±1.63	84.00±2.31	81.00±3.00	85.00±2.52	45.00±1.00**
雌成虫体重 Female adult weight (mg)	16.22±0.15	16.38±0.11	16.58±0.18	16.25±0.09	16.48±0.16	16.58±0.22	12.36±0.14**
雄成虫体重 Male adult weight (mg)	15.52±0.20	15.56±0.19	14.96±0.15	14.95±0.28	15.11±0.29	14.68±0.35	12.45±0.26**
单对产卵量 Total fecundity per pair	207.34±7.20	202.96±3.02	210.16±4.29	208.27±3.45	209.56±3.42	208.91±7.37	121.55±4.04**

处理 Treatment		Bt蛋白浓度Bt protein concentration (μg?g^-1)
处理 Treatment		4龄幼虫 4th instar larva	蛹 Pupa	成虫 Adult
纯人工饲料Control		—	—	—
Cry1Ac		8.55±0.71	0.04±0.01	3.11±0.57
Cry1F		12.13±2.43	0.08±0.01	9.15±1.84
Cry2Ab		12.39±1.82	0.12±0.03	10.56±1.53
Cry1Ac & Cry1F	Cry1Ac	5.25±1.04	0.03±0.01	2.68±0.82
Cry1Ac & Cry1F	Cry1F	10.03±2.34	0.04±0.01	7.68±1.70
Cry1Ac & Cry2Ab	Cry1Ac	7.61±1.23	0.05±0.01	4.36±1.02
Cry1Ac & Cry2Ab	Cry2Ab	7.00±1.16	0.07±0.01	3.37±0.87

Ecological Safety Evaluation of Different Bt Proteins on the Predator Chrysopa pallens

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