水氮调控对葡萄园土壤温室气体排放及其增温潜势的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.08.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this paper was to explore the emission characteristics and warming potential of the greenhouse gases N₂O, CO₂ and CH₄ from table grape vineyard soils under different water and nitrogen regulation, and to understand the contribution of water and nitrogen regulation to greenhouse gas emissions, thus screening out a more reasonable management model of water and nitrogen regulation, so as to provide scientific basis and technical reference for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from vineyards and promoting grape industry sustainable production. 【Method】From April 2017 to December 2017, Changli, the main grape producing area in Hebei Province, was selected as the experimental site and the table grape “Red globe” was used as the tested grape variety. A field microplot experiment was employed with four treatments, including traditional water and nitrogen, mobile water and fertilizer, optimized water and nitrogen, as well as optimized water and nitrogen + DMPP. The greenhouse gas emissions (N₂O, CO₂ and CH₄) from the vineyard soil were monitored by using closed static chamber-gas chromatography, and then their comprehensive warming potential differences were compared. Final, the grape yields were measured. 【Result】N₂O emission flux showed a single peak trend after fertilization, and the peak appeared on the 1-2 day after fertilization. Nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase soil N₂O emission flux. Compared with the traditional water and nitrogen treatment, nitrogen reduction and water control treatments could reduce the average N₂O emission flux by 73.03%-88.19%, and their difference was significant (P<0.05). Optimized water and nitrogen + DMPP treatment could reduce the N₂O emission flux by 50.08% on average under the condition of equal nitrogen, and the trend of CO₂ emission flux was the same in all treatments, reaching the peak 2-3 days after fertilization, showing seasonal variation in the growth period. Nitrogen reduction and water control treatments could reduce CO₂ emissions by 60.56%-62.13%. CH₄ emission flux had no obvious change trend, but CH₄ emission flux was positive or negative after fertilization. The traditional CH₄emission flux fluctuated greatly, ranging from -0.132 to 0.238 μg·m ^-2·h ^-1. There was no significant difference between nitrogen reduction and water control treatments (P>0.05). During the whole experiment period, the total N₂O emissions of the treatments were in the order of traditional water and nitrogen, optimized water and nitrogen, mobile water and fertilizer and optimized water and nitrogen+DMPP, which were 3.90, 2.83, 2.76 and 2.65 kg·hm ^-2 with the emission coefficients were 0.58%-0.67%, respectively. Comparing with traditional water and nitrogen treatment, the nitrogen reduction and water control treatments (mobile water and fertilizer, optimized water and nitrogen and optimized water and nitrogen+DMPP ) could reduce the total N₂O emissions by 27.56%-32.09%. The cumulative emissions of CO₂ and CH₄ were 3 816.05 kg·hm ^-2and 0.060 g·hm ^-2 in traditional water and nitrogen treatment, 3 387.33 kg·hm ^-2and -0.075 g·hm ^-2 in mobile water and fertilizer treatment, 3 410.95 kg·hm ^-2and -0.036 g·hm ^-2 in optimized water and nitrogen treatment, and 3 412.06 kg·hm ^-2 and -0.030 g·hm ^-2 in optimized water and nitrogen +DMPP treatment, respectively. Nitrogen reduction and water treatments could reduce the total cumulative CO₂ emissions by 10.59%-11.23% and CH₄ emissions by 150.23%-224.38%, respectively. Combining with the grape yield, the grape yield in nitrogen reduction and water control treatments was increased by 8.81% to 19.35% compared with traditional water-nitrogen treatment, and the largest increase was found under the optimized water and nitrogen + DMPP treatment, which was 9.69% and 2.25% higher than that under optimized water and nitrogen and mobile water and fertilizer treatment.【Conclusion】 Compared with the traditional water and nitrogen treatment, the cumulative emission of N₂O, CO₂ and CH₄ in soils treated with optimized water and nitrogen + DMPP was decreased by 32.09%, 10.59% and 150.23%, respectively, and the total GWP was decreased by 12.82%, achieving greenhouse gas emission reduction in vineyards; at the same time, it could increase the grape yield by 19.35%, achieving a win-win situation for both economy and environment, which was evaluated as the best water and fertilizer regulation measures in this study.

Key words: vineyard, water and nitrogen regulation, greenhouse gases, global warming potential

LIU Qiao,JI YanZhi,GUO YanJie,ZHANG LiJuan,ZHANG Jie,HAN Jian. Effects of Water and Nitrogen Regulation on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Warming Potential in Vineyard Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(8): 1413-1424.

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施肥时期 Fertilization time	N（kg·hm^-2）				P₂O₅（kg·hm^-2）	K₂O（kg·hm^-2）
施肥时期 Fertilization time	传统水氮 Traditional water and nitrogen	移动水肥 Mobile water and fertilizer	优化水氮 Optimized water and nitrogen	优化水氮+DMPP Optimized water and nitrogen+DMPP	P₂O₅（kg·hm^-2）	K₂O（kg·hm^-2）
萌芽期Germination stage（30 April）	153	7	1	1	180	0
膨大期Expanding stage（3 July）	153	2	2	2	5	115
着色期Coloring stage（30 July）	184	147	163	163	0	220
成熟期Maturation stage（7 November）	174	147	164	164	0	190
总计 Total	664	413	460	460	315	535

处理 Treatment	CO₂GWP （kg C·hm^-2）	CH₄GWP （g C·hm^-2）	N₂O GWP （kg C·hm^-2）	总GWP Total GWP （kg C·hm^-2）	葡萄产量 Yield （kg·hm^-2）
传统水氮Traditional water and nitrogen	3816.05	0.61	443.29	4259.35	12816.75a
移动水肥Mobile water and fertilizer	3387.33	-0.76	312.98	3700.32	14960.40a
优化水氮Optimized water and nitrogen	3410.95	-0.37	321.13	3732.08	13946.10a
优化水氮+DMPP Optimized water and nitrogen+DMPP	3412.06	-0.31	301.04	3713.10	15296.85a

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Regulation on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Warming Potential in Vineyard Soil

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