基因组编辑技术应用于作物遗传改良的进展与挑战

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.01.001

Abstract

Abstract: Site-specific genome editing refers to the genetic manipulation techniques that can precisely modify DNA sequences at the genomic level, which holds a great application value in analysis of gene function, plant genetic improvement or development of new varieties. The general working principle of genome editing is that the sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs) are used to create DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at the genomic target sites that will be repaired through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and/or homology-directed repair (HDR) pathways, resulting in nucleotide insertion, deletion, or DNA fragment replacement in the targeted gene(s). Nowadays, genome editing technologies including Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR/ Cas）system have been successfully applied in genetic improvement of crops. From the perspective of development trend, CRISPR/ Cas system-based genome editing technology will become the core technology in genetic improvement and molecular design breeding of crops. This review starts with brief introduction of the concepts and working principles of ZFNs, TALENs and CRISPR/Cas system, and focus on the recent progress of genome editing-based crop improvement of yield, quality, disease resistance, abiotic stress resistance and rice male sterile line development. Then the authors sorted out the technological innovation and application of CRISPR/Cas-based single-base editing for plant genomes and the DNA-free plant genome editing system in details. After comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different genome editing techniques, some general principles of adoption of genome editing technologies in crop improvement were put forward. Finally, the regulations on genome-edited crops, as well as the opportunities and challenges of genome editing-based crop breeding were discussed.

Key words: genome editing, crop breeding, genetic improvement, TALENs, CRISPR/Cas

WANG FuJun, ZHAO KaiJun. Progress and Challenge of Crop Genetic Improvement via Genome Editing[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(1): 1-16.

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