基因组编辑技术及其安全管理

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.08.001

Abstract

Abstract: Genome editing technologies using sequence-specific nuclease (SSN) creates DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the genomic target sites, and the DSBs can be repaired by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR) pathways with the help of artificially engineered nucleases, which can be employed to achieve targeted genome modifications such as gene mutation, gene insertion, gene replacement or chromosome rearrangement. There are three major artificially engineered nucleases including zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) systems. The genome editing techniques have been widely used in the fields of plant gene function research, molecular breeding, and etc. The genome editing crops (GEC) show promising application prospects compared with traditional genetically modified organism (GMO). The GECs with good traits have been gradually transferred from labs to fields. Herein, the principles, characters, and applications of these three mainly used techniques in animal and plants genome editing have been described. The advantages and disadvantages compared with conventional transgenic technique were also discussed, including the safety came from the off-target effects. The management regulations of GECs of different countries in global area were elaborated. Finally, the safety management of GECs and their products in China were discussed combined with Chinese current regulations on the safety management of GMOs, so as to facilitate the development and commercialization of GECs and their products.

Key words: genome editing, genetically modified organisms, safety management

SHEN Ping, ZHANG QiuYan, YANG LiTao, ZHANG Li, LI WenLong, LIANG JinGang, LI XiaYing, WANG HaoQian, SHEN XiaoLing, SONG GuiWen. The Safety Management of Genome Editing Technology[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(8): 1361-1369.

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