糜子叶片防御酶系及抗氧化物质对黑穗病菌胁迫的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.17.005

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Head smut is an important disease that threats the yield of broomcorn millet seriously and the best way to control the disease is to plant resistant varieties. In order to screen the physiological and biochemical indexes of broomcorn millet for resistance to head smut, the activity of defensive enzymes and content of antioxidant were measured under the smut fungus stress. Furthermore, this will also provide theoretical supports for the breeding of broomcorn millet smut resistant varieties. 【Method】Artificial inoculation of seed saturated inoculation was adopted to infect broomcorn millet and inoculated broomcorn millet plants were planted in field. A field experiment of resistance levels identification to screen the varieties with different resistance was conducted in 2012-2013. In 2014, the broomcorn millet varieties with different resistance levels were used to measure the activity of defensive enzymes and content of antioxidant at seedling stage (SS), elongation stage (ES), heading stage (HS) and filling stage (FS) under the smut fungus stress. The defensive enzymes include the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), ascorbate peroxide (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and the antioxidant contained the ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH). 【Result】 After 2 consecutive years of resistance identification, the average incidence rate of Heigezao (R1), Lvtuochuan (R2) and Xiaomaimizi (R3) were 0, 0 and 0.73%, respectively, indicating that they were disease-resistant varieties; the average incidence rate of Huangyingshu (S1), Ning04-262 (S2) and Yym0965 (S3) was 19.71%, 19.86% and 32.28%, respectively, therefore, they belong to disease-susceptible varieties. With the stress of smut fungus, the PAL activity of susceptible varieties changed greater than that in resistant varieties, since the PAL activity of susceptible varieties was significantly higher at elongation stage (3 610.8 U·g^-1 FW), but significantly lower at filling stage (2 425.0 U·g^-1 FW) compared to that (2 520.7 and 2 946.0 U·g^-1 FW, respectively) of resistant varieties. The APX activity showed the same trend in both kinds of varieties, which was decreased first and then increased; the minimum value appeared at the elongation stage. At heading stage and filling stage, the APX activity of susceptible varieties was 461.1 U·g^-1 FW and 516.7 U·g^-1 FW, which was significantly higher than that (361.5 U·g^-1 FW and 428.2 U·g^-1 FW) in resistant varieties. The GR activity was increased first and then decreased in all the varieties. At heading stage, the value of GR activity was significantly higher than that of other 3 stages. The difference between the 2 kinds of varieties was that the GR activity of susceptible varieties was obviously higher than that of resistant varieties at heading stage, the value of which was 271.9 U·g^-1 FW and 167.4 U·g^-1 FW, respectively. After inoculation with smut fungus, the content of AsA ranged from 147.7 μg·g^-1 FW to 344.8 μg·g^-1 FW without obvious regularity in all the varieties. Also there was no significant difference between resistant and susceptible varieties. The GSH content of resistant varieties was decreased significantly from seedling stage to heading stage, and then increased significantly at filling stage. The GSH content of susceptible varieties was also decreased significantly from seedling stage to heading stage, but there was no significant difference compared to filling stage. Therefore, the GSH content was obviously higher in resistant varieties (984.7 μg·g^-1 FW) than that in susceptible varieties (676.0 μg·g^-1 FW) at filling stage. 【Conclusion】 Different broomcorn millet varieties have different resistance levels to head smut disease. Smut fungus stress can cause the changes of defensive enzymes activity and antioxidant content in leaves of broomcorn millet. The PAL activity of broomcorn millet leaves at elongation stage and filling stage, APX activity at heading stage and filling stage, GR activity at heading stage, GSH content at filling stage are obviously different between resistant and susceptible varieties, which can be used as the physiological and biochemical indexes to identify head smut resistant germplasms in broomcorn millet.

Key words: broomcorn millet, head smut, defense enzymes, antioxidant

ZHOU Yu, LIU Jia-jia, ZHANG Pan-pan, QU Yang, ZHANG Ji-ru-fei, ZHU Ming-qi, FENG Bai-li. Response of Leaf Defensive Enzymes and Antioxidant to Smut Fungus Stress in Broomcorn Millet[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(17): 3298-3307.

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