猪粪配施秸秆替代化肥对蔬菜地土壤固碳及养分增效的作用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.20.007

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (20): 4517-4530.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.20.007

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

猪粪配施秸秆替代化肥对蔬菜地土壤固碳及养分增效的作用

李若楠¹(), 史建硕¹, 贾舟¹, 蒋龙刚¹, 王丽英¹(), 艾超²(), 孙璇¹, 翟凤芝¹

¹ 河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所，石家庄050051
² 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081

收稿日期:2025-12-29 接受日期:2026-04-20 出版日期:2026-10-16 发布日期:2026-10-21
通信作者:
王丽英，E-mail：wangliying5@163.com。
艾超，E-mail：aichao@caas.cn
联系方式: 李若楠，E-mail：liruonan2004@163.com。
基金资助:
河北省农林科学院农业科技创新专项长期定位试验课题(2026KJCXZX-ZHS-6); 国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1901300); 河北省农林科学院国际合作项目(2023KJCZX-ZHSGH02); 河北省科技研发平台专项(24466901D)

Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizers with Pig Manure and Straw Enhances Soil Carbon Sequestration and Nutrient Availability in Vegetable Production

LI RuoNan¹(), SHI JianShuo¹, JIA Zhou¹, JIANG LongGang¹, WANG LiYing¹(), AI Chao²(), SUN Xuan¹, ZHAI FengZhi¹

¹ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051
² Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081

Received:2025-12-29 Accepted:2026-04-20 Published:2026-10-16 Online:2026-10-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】通过中长期定位试验探究猪粪配合秸秆替代部分化肥菜地土壤固碳特征及养分增效效应，为菜地土壤有机质管理与养分协同固碳方案的制定提供科学支撑。【方法】选取定位试验前期所得蔬菜生产较适宜有机替代模式—猪粪配合秸秆替代50%化肥氮，对比分析设施和露地栽培下种植9—10年土壤有机质含量和碳储量的变化，剖析外源碳施入土壤后的固存效率，探究中长期蔬菜产量、土壤养分供应及盈余状况。【结果】在0—20 cm土层，采用猪粪配合秸秆替代部分化肥能显著提高土壤有机质含量，种植9—10年土壤有机质含量升至接近（露地）或超过（设施）中等肥力水平阈值（20 g·kg^-1），有机质含量随外源碳累积施入量的增加呈非线性增长（P<0.05），累积施入碳 48.5 t·hm^-2（露地）和80.3 t·hm^-2（设施）时有机质变幅趋缓；各季土壤有机碳储量均显著高于单施化肥模式，其中露地栽培在种植7年后有机碳储量趋于稳定；9—10年外源碳净固存速率为1.5 t·hm^-2·a^-1（露地）和1.9 t·hm^-2·a^-1（设施），外源碳净固存效率为14.8%（设施）和18.4%（露地）；净固存效率随有机质含量的增加呈二次函数响应（P<0.05），当有机质含量为16.5 g·kg^-1（露地）和19.6 g·kg^-1（设施）时，净固存效率达到峰值。在20—40 cm土层，9—10年后猪粪配合秸秆替代部分化肥处理的土壤有机质含量显著增加，设施栽培下有机质含量与外源碳累积施入量间呈二次函数响应（P<0.05）；设施栽培有机碳储量总体呈现积累，而露地栽培较基础水平无显著变化。综合0—40 cm土体，种植5—6年外源碳净固存速率和净固存效率显著高于9—10年，9—10年外源碳净固存效率为20.7%（设施）和22.9%（露地），栽培方式间无显著差异。猪粪配合秸秆替代化肥处理能显著提升0—20 cm土层有效磷含量，显著降低20—40 cm土层硝态氮含量。蔬菜产量与氮、磷吸收改善，尤其露地栽培促进养分吸收效果显著，每形成1 000 kg产量氮素盈余0.87 kg（露地）和2.47 kg（设施），露地栽培氮素盈余较单施化肥下降显著，设施栽培施氮量下调潜力较大。【结论】两种栽培方式下猪粪配合秸秆替代部分化肥均能实现土壤固碳、氮磷供应与利用改善及稳产增产。设施栽培较好地协同了SOM提升目标（至中肥力水平）与高效固碳，但施氮量仍有下调空间。露地栽培SOM随外源碳的持续施入过早进入平台期，外源碳净固存效率对SOM的响应更敏感，土壤固碳潜力受限。有机替代方案的制定应兼顾长期与短期目标，以协同长期稳定高效固碳与短期养分平衡供应。

关键词: 有机替代, 长期施肥, 土壤有机质, 土壤碳储量, 碳固存效率, 养分平衡, 蔬菜地, 露地栽培, 设施栽培

Abstract:

【Objective】Based on a long-term field experiment, this study aimed to investigate the effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with pig manure plus straw on soil carbon sequestration and nutrient improvement in vegetable fields, so as to provide a scientific basis for soil organic matter (SOM) management and developing carbon sequestration strategies in vegetable production systems.【Method】Based on the optimal organic substitution regime identified in the earlier studies of the long-term experiment—replacing 50% of chemical fertilizer nitrogen (N) with pig manure combined with straw (MN+SN), this study comparatively analyzed changes in SOM content and carbon stocks over 9-10 years of vegetable cultivation under greenhouse and open-field conditions, assessed the sequestration efficiency of exogenous carbon inputs, and examined medium- to long-term crop yield, soil nutrient supply, and nutrient budget dynamics.【Result】In the 0-20 cm soil layer, MN+SN significantly increased SOM content, reaching near (open-field) or exceeding (greenhouse) the medium fertility threshold (20 g·kg^-1) after 9-10 years of cultivation. SOM content increased nonlinearly with cumulative exogenous carbon (C) inputs (P<0.05), with the rate of increase slowing after cumulative C inputs of 48.5 t·hm^-2 (open-field) and 80.3 t·hm^-2 (greenhouse). Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks under MN+SN were consistently higher than that under the mineral fertilizer-only treatment (CN) across all seasons, stabilizing after 7 years under open-field conditions. The net carbon sequestration rates (CSR) under MN+SN over 9-10 years were 1.5 t·hm^-2·a^-1 (open-field) and 1.9 t·hm^-2·a^-1 (greenhouse), with net sequestration efficiencies (CSE) of 18.4% (open-field) and 14.8% (greenhouse). CSE under MN+SN exhibited a quadratic response to SOM content (P<0.05), peaking at SOM levels of 16.5 g·kg^-1 (open-field) and 19.6 g·kg^-1 (greenhouse). In the 20-40 cm soil layer, SOM content significantly increased after 9-10 years under MN+SN, with a quadratic relationship between SOM content and cumulative exogenous carbon inputs under greenhouse conditions (P<0.05). SOC stocks generally accumulated in greenhouse systems but showed no significant change from baseline levels under open-field conditions. Across the 0-40 cm soil profile, CSR and CSE at 5-6 years were significantly higher than at 9-10 years, with CSE of 20.7% (greenhouse) and 22.9% (open-field) at 9-10 years, showing no significant difference between cultivation systems. Compared with CN, MN+SN significantly increased available phosphorus in the 0-20 cm layer and reduced nitrate nitrogen in the 20-40 cm layer, while improving vegetable yield and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, particularly under open-field conditions. N surplus per 1 000 kg yield was 0.87 kg (open-field) and 2.47 kg (greenhouse); open-field cultivation significantly reduced N surplus compared with CN, whereas greenhouse cultivation still exhibited substantial potential for reducing N inputs.【Conclusion】Under both cultivation systems, MN+SN achieved soil carbon sequestration, improved N and phosphorus supply and utilization, and maintained or increased yields. Greenhouse cultivation better balanced the goal of elevating SOM to medium fertility levels with efficient C sequestration, though N input rates remained reducible. Under open-field cultivation, SOM plateaued prematurely with continued exogenous C inputs, CSE showed greater sensitivity to SOM levels, and soil C sequestration potential was constrained. Organic substitution strategies should integrate long-term and short-term objectives to synergize sustained efficient C sequestration with balanced nutrient supply.

Key words: organic substitution, long-term field experiment, soil organic matter, soil carbon stock, carbon sequestration efficiency, nutrient balance, vegetable field, open-field, greenhouse

李若楠, 史建硕, 贾舟, 蒋龙刚, 王丽英, 艾超, 孙璇, 翟凤芝. 猪粪配施秸秆替代化肥对蔬菜地土壤固碳及养分增效的作用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(20): 4517-4530.

LI RuoNan, SHI JianShuo, JIA Zhou, JIANG LongGang, WANG LiYing, AI Chao, SUN Xuan, ZHAI FengZhi. Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizers with Pig Manure and Straw Enhances Soil Carbon Sequestration and Nutrient Availability in Vegetable Production[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(20): 4517-4530.

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有机物料种类 Types of organic materials	设施 Greenhouse				露地 Open-field
有机物料种类 Types of organic materials	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	C	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	C
猪粪 Pig manure	207.4	242.1	157.2	1958.5	114.5	140.8	87.6	1082.9
秸秆 Straw	259.1	85.8	446.7	11154.9	149.4	53.7	282.1	6837.3
化肥 Mineral fertilizer	583.5	197.1	521.1	0	336.1	105.5	380.3	0

土层 Soil layer (cm)	指标 Indicator	至2015年From experiment initiation to 2015		至2019年From experiment initiation to 2019
土层 Soil layer (cm)	指标 Indicator	设施Greenhouse	露地Open-field	设施Greenhouse	露地Open-field
0-20	CSR (t·hm^-2·a^-1)	3.1 a A	2.1 a A	1.9 a B	1.5 a A
0-20	CSE (%)	23.0 a A	27.2 a A	14.8 a B	18.4 a A
0-40	CSR (t·hm^-2·a^-1)	5.4 a A	3.0 b A	2.7 a B	1.8 a B
0-40	CSE (%)	40.1 a A	38.4 a A	20.7 a B	22.9 a B

指标 Indicator	土层 Soil layer (cm)	设施Greenhouse		露地Open-field
指标 Indicator	土层 Soil layer (cm)	MN+SN	CN	MN+SN	CN
有效磷 Olsen-P (mg·kg^-1)	0-20	69.9 a	48.5 b	35.7 a	31.9 b
有效磷 Olsen-P (mg·kg^-1)	20-40	28.4 a	15.6 b	21.6 a	19.8 a
速效钾 Soil available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	0-20	316.0 a	320.8 a	229.8 a	237.2 a
速效钾 Soil available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	20-40	269.2 a	191.8 b	153.3 a	141.4 a
EC (μs·cm^-1)	0-20	654.2 a	782.6 a	276.1 a	386.7 a
EC (μs·cm^-1)	20-40	428.5 a	469.3 a	208.9 b	278.4 a

指标 Indicator		设施Greenhouse		露地Open-field
指标 Indicator		MN+SN	CN	MN+SN	CN
产量Yield (t·hm^-2·a^-1)		225.5 a	217.1 b	190.8 a	176.9 a
每形成1 000 kg产量的养分盈余量 Nutrient surplus per 1 000 kg of yield (kg)	N	2.47 a	2.60 a	0.87 b	1.08 a
	P	0.68 b	0.74 a	0.32 a	0.41 a
	K	1.48 b	1.76 a	0.68 a	1.06 a

猪粪配施秸秆替代化肥对蔬菜地土壤固碳及养分增效的作用

Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizers with Pig Manure and Straw Enhances Soil Carbon Sequestration and Nutrient Availability in Vegetable Production

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