绿肥配施增效产品降低旱地麦田温室气体排放及碳足迹

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.07.010

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (7): 1507-1522.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.07.010

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

绿肥配施增效产品降低旱地麦田温室气体排放及碳足迹

朱琦¹(), 贾振鹏¹, Tahir SHAH¹, 徐晨晟¹, 李芷琦¹, 吕会帅¹, 朱鹏超¹, 韦小敏¹, 黄冬琳¹, 孙艳妮², 曹卫东³, 高亚军¹^,⁴, 王朝辉¹^,⁴^,⁵, 张达斌¹^,⁴^,⁵^,^*()

¹ 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西杨凌 712100
² 永寿县农业技术推广中心，陕西永寿 713400
³ 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081
⁴ 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
⁵ 作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2025-05-31 接受日期:2025-06-26 出版日期:2026-04-08 发布日期:2026-04-08
通信作者:
张达斌，E-mail：zdb_98@163.com。
联系方式: 朱琦，E-mail：zhuqi10150052@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD17002); 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1900900); 国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200403); 国家自然科学基金青年项目(31801942); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(绿肥CARS-22)

Green Manure Crops Combined with Enhanced-Efficiency Products Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Footprints in Dryland Wheat Fields

ZHU Qi¹(), JIA ZhenPeng¹, Tahir SHAH¹, XU ChenSheng¹, LI ZhiQi¹, LÜ HuiShuai¹, ZHU PengChao¹, WEI XiaoMin¹, HUANG DongLin¹, SUN YanNi², CAO WeiDong³, GAO YaJun¹^,⁴, WANG ZhaoHui¹^,⁴^,⁵, ZHANG DaBin¹^,⁴^,⁵^,^*()

¹ College of Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
² Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Yongshou, Yongshou 713400, Shaanxi
³ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
⁴ Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
⁵ State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi

Received:2025-05-31 Accepted:2025-06-26 Published:2026-04-08 Online:2026-04-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】基于田间试验系统研究绿肥配施增效产品对黄土高原旱地夏绿肥-冬小麦轮作系统中温室气体排放及碳足迹的影响，为充分挖掘绿肥作物减排固碳潜力并评估其在旱地轮作体系中的环境效益提供理论依据和技术参数。【方法】以黑麦豆（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）和油菜(Brassica napus L.)为研究对象，设置9个处理，分别为休闲（对照）；黑麦豆单播；黑麦豆+复合生物菌剂（藻益稼1号）；黑麦豆+细菌（贝莱斯芽孢杆菌B22）；黑麦豆+海泡石；油菜单播；油菜+保水剂（首科保水剂）；油菜+放线菌（娄彻氏链霉菌D74）；油菜+海泡石。重复3次。监测2023—2024年夏绿肥-冬小麦轮作系统温室气体排放通量及土壤碳库净收支，综合量化及评估系统碳足迹，筛选固碳减排的旱地绿肥+增效产品组合。【结果】（1）黑麦豆+细菌较黑麦豆单播显著降低N₂O、CO₂排放量和全球增温潜势，平均降幅为29.3%、17.5%和17.8%，温室气体排放强度降低21.6%（P>0.05），小麦籽粒产量增加7.8%（P>0.05）；（2）所有黑麦豆处理中，黑麦豆+细菌处理的生物量干重（4 230 kg·hm^-2）和碳还田量（1 750 kg·hm^-2）最高，并较休闲显著降低43.6%碳足迹；（3）油菜+海泡石较油菜单播显著降低N₂O、CO₂排放量和全球增温潜势，平均降幅为52.0%、16.9%和17.6%；（4）所有油菜处理中，油菜+海泡石的生物量干重（2 723 kg·hm^-2）最高，较休闲处理显著降低27.0%碳足迹。【结论】在黄土高原地区将黑麦豆+细菌和油菜+海泡石的优化配置引入夏绿肥-冬小麦轮作系统中能显著降低因绿肥种植和翻压而导致的温室气体排放量及全球增温潜势，提高农田有机物的碳投入，降低作物生育周期碳足迹，建立提质增效、固碳减排的绿色清洁生产模式，推动旱地农业“生态优先、绿色低碳”的高质量发展。

关键词: 黑麦豆, 油菜, 冬小麦, 复合生物菌剂, 海泡石, 保水剂, 温室气体, 碳足迹

Abstract:

【Objective】A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of green manure (GM) crops combined with enhanced-efficiency products on greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and carbon (C) footprints in the dryland summer GM-winter wheat rotation system on the Loess Plateau, so as to provide the theoretical basis and technical parameters for fully tapping the emission reduction and C fixation potential of GM crops, and evaluating its environmental benefits in this cropping system.【Method】The GHGs patterns and net balance of soil C pool in summer GM-winter wheat rotation system of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) combined with different enhanced-efficiency products were measured from 2023 to 2024. There were 9 treatments, including: fallow (control), black beans sown alone, black beans + composite biological bacteria (Zaoyijia No.1), black beans + bacterium (Bacillus beresii B22), black beans + sepiolite, rapeseed sown alone, rapeseed + absorbent polymer (Shouke), rapeseed + actinomycetes (Streptomycete rochei D74), and rapeseed + sepiolite, each with 3 replications. C footprints were quantified and evaluated comprehensively, and the suitable GM + product combinations for C sequestration and GHGs emission reduction in drylands were screened.【Result】(1) Compared with black beans sown alone, black beans + bacterium significantly reduced N₂O and CO₂emissions, and global warming potential (GWP), with an average decrease of 29.3%, 17.5%, and 17.8%, respectively, reduced 21.6% GHGs intensity (P>0.05), and increased 7.8% wheat yield (P>0.05). (2) Black beans + bacterium showed the highest dry biomass (4 230 kg·hm^-2) and C input (1 750 kg·hm^-2) and decreased 43.6% (P<0.05) C footprints compared to fallow. (3) Compared with rapeseed sown alone, rapeseed + sepiolite significantly reduced N₂O and CO₂ emissions, and GWP, with an average decrease of 52.0%, 16.9%, and 17.6%, respectively. (4) Rapeseed + sepiolite showed the highest dry GM biomass (2 723 kg·hm^-2) and reduced 27.0% (P<0.05) C footprints compared with fallow.【Conclusion】Introducing the optimized mixture of black beans + bacterium and rapeseed + sepiolite into the summer GM-winter wheat system in the Loess Plateau effectively reduced the GHGs and GWP after incorporating the GM crops, boosted C input, and diminished the C footprints of the crop growth period. This study established a green and clean production model that promoted grain quality, fertilizer use efficiency, C sequestration, and emission reduction, and accelerated the high-quality development of "ecological priority, green and low-carbon" in drylands.

Key words: black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), winter wheat, composite biological bacteria, sepiolite, absorbent polymer, greenhouse gas, carbon footprints

朱琦, 贾振鹏, Tahir SHAH, 徐晨晟, 李芷琦, 吕会帅, 朱鹏超, 韦小敏, 黄冬琳, 孙艳妮, 曹卫东, 高亚军, 王朝辉, 张达斌. 绿肥配施增效产品降低旱地麦田温室气体排放及碳足迹[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(7): 1507-1522.

ZHU Qi, JIA ZhenPeng, Tahir SHAH, XU ChenSheng, LI ZhiQi, LÜ HuiShuai, ZHU PengChao, WEI XiaoMin, HUANG DongLin, SUN YanNi, CAO WeiDong, GAO YaJun, WANG ZhaoHui, ZHANG DaBin. Green Manure Crops Combined with Enhanced-Efficiency Products Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Footprints in Dryland Wheat Fields[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1507-1522.

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	pH	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total P (g·kg^-1)	全钾 Total K (g·kg^-1)	有机质 SOM (g·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	有效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)
0-10	8.20	1.00	0.70	20.6	17.2	29.8	77.2	6.05	3.67
10-20	8.18	1.01	0.69	21.1	15.9	25.3	68.0	7.58	2.85

处理 Treatment		绿肥生物量干重 Dry biomass of green manure (kg·hm^-2)	绿肥碳还田量 C accumulation of green manure (kg·hm^-2)	小麦产量 Wheat yield (kg·hm^-2)	温室气体排放强度 GHGI (kg·kg^-1)
黑麦豆 Black bean	BB	3314.8ab	1202.9b	3963.9b	3.65a
	BBCB	2634.7b	1139.1b	4085.9ab	3.54a
	BBW	4230.4a	1750.1a	4273.3ab	2.86ab
	BBH	3541.9ab	1600.2ab	4845.9ab	2.87ab
休闲 Fallow	CK	—	—	5682.9a	1.73b
油菜 Rapeseed	RS	2525.7a	965.1a	4596.0a	2.92a
	RSB	2650.0a	1097.6a	4718.5a	2.59a
	RSW	2706.7a	1063.0a	4264.0a	2.86a
	RSH	2722.6a	1061.0a	4256.7a	2.63a

绿肥配施增效产品降低旱地麦田温室气体排放及碳足迹

Green Manure Crops Combined with Enhanced-Efficiency Products Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Footprints in Dryland Wheat Fields

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