苗期施用褪黑素对番茄短期低温胁迫的缓解作用与应用效果评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.07.011

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (7): 1523-1535.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.07.011

苗期施用褪黑素对番茄短期低温胁迫的缓解作用与应用效果评价

王玉萍¹^,²(), 符质¹, 孙佳莹¹, 穆晓萌¹, 刘慧淋¹, 郭进云¹, 宋文菁¹, 侯雷平¹, 赵海亮¹^,³^,^*()

¹ 山西农业大学园艺学院/设施园艺山西省重点实验室，山西太谷 030801
² 山西农业大学教务部实验教学中心，山西太谷 030801
³ 山西省博士创新站，山西榆次 030600

收稿日期:2025-11-11 接受日期:2026-01-09 出版日期:2026-04-08 发布日期:2026-04-08
通信作者:
赵海亮，E-mail：hailiang127627@126.com。
联系方式: 王玉萍，E-mail：yupinghigh@126.com。
基金资助:
山西省基础研究计划(202403021211202); 山西省重点研发计划(202102140601013); 国家自然科学基金(32472822); 山西省三区科技人才项目(SXND202521370)

Evaluation of the Mitigating Effect and Application Efficacy of Melatonin Applied at the Seedling Stage on Short-Term Chilling Stress in Tomato Plants

WANG YuPing¹^,²(), FU Zhi¹, SUN JiaYing¹, MU XiaoMeng¹, LIU HuiLin¹, GUO JinYun¹, SONG WenJing¹, HOU LeiPing¹, ZHAO HaiLiang¹^,³^,^*()

¹ College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Taigu 030801, Shanxi
² Experimental Teaching Center, Academic Affairs Office, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi
³ Shanxi Province Doctoral Innovation Station, Yuci 030600, Shanxi

Received:2025-11-11 Accepted:2026-01-09 Published:2026-04-08 Online:2026-04-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】针对不利气象条件下园艺设施内极易出现的短期低温胁迫问题，探究外源褪黑素对设施番茄抗寒能力的影响，为褪黑素在设施蔬菜生产中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以‘合作909’番茄为试验材料，于三叶一心时分别浇灌清水或200 μmol·L^-1的褪黑素溶液，5 d后将上述2组各一半的幼苗移至昼/夜温度为12 ℃/7 ℃的环境下进行为期12 d的低温处理，剩余幼苗生长于常温环境，期间测定各处理幼苗形态与叶绿素荧光参数、光合色素与矿质元素含量。为期12 d的苗期温度处理结束后，各组幼苗定植于生长环境一致的日光温室，并监测形态参数、物候期和产量品质等指标。【结果】苗期低温导致番茄幼苗叶片光合色素含量下降、光合性能减弱、矿质元素吸收受阻、植株生长受到抑制，且苗期低温的影响会持续至整个生长期，导致番茄定植后生长速度长期滞后于常温对照，物候期延长、产量下降。外源褪黑素的施用提高了番茄幼苗对N、P、K、Fe元素的吸收能力，减缓了光合色素水平的下降，维持了叶片的光合性能，显著缓解了苗期低温对番茄幼苗生长的抑制作用；同时褪黑素的施用促进了番茄幼苗在定植后的恢复与生长。【结论】苗期低温抑制了番茄幼苗的生长，并且不利影响会持续于番茄定植后的整个生长期；施用褪黑素通过调控养分吸收、维持叶片光合性能，有效缓解了低温对番茄生长发育的不利影响。

关键词: 番茄, 低温, 褪黑素, 光合性能, 物候期, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】To address the short - term chilling stress that frequently occurs in horticultural facilities under adverse meteorological conditions, this study investigated the impact of exogenous melatonin on the cold resistance of tomatoes in facilities, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the application of melatonin in production. 【Method】Seedlings of Solanum lycopersicum cv. ‘Hezuo909’ were used as the experimental material and treated with either clear water or 200 μmol·L^-1 melatonin solution via root irrigation. Five days after treatment, half of the seedlings from each group were subjected to low-temperature stress (12 ℃/7 ℃, day/night) for 12 days, while the remaining seedlings were maintained under normal temperature conditions. During the treatment period, morphological traits, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, photosynthetic pigment contents, and mineral element concentrations were measured in each treatment group. After the 12-day temperature treatment at the seedling stage, all seedlings were transplanted into a solar greenhouse with uniform growth conditions, and subsequent monitoring was conducted for morphological parameters, phenological stages, yield components, and fruit quality attributes. 【Result】Chilling during the seedling stage led to a decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments in tomato seedling leaves, a weakening of photosynthetic performance, hindered absorption of mineral elements, and inhibited plant growth. The impact of chilling during the seedling stage persists throughout the entire growth period, resulting in a prolonged lag in growth rate of tomato plants after transplanting compared to the control group under normal temperature, extended phenological phases, and reduced yield. The exogenous application of melatonin enhanced the absorption capacity of N, P, K, and Fe elements in tomato seedlings, mitigated the decline in photosynthetic pigment levels, maintained the photosynthetic performance of the leaves, and significantly alleviated the inhibitory effect of chilling on the growth of tomato seedlings. Additionally, the application of melatonin promotes the recovery and growth of tomato seedlings after transplanting. 【Conclusion】Chilling during the seedling stage inhibited the growth of tomato seedlings, and the adverse effects persisted throughout the entire growth period after transplanting. The application of melatonin effectively mitigated the adverse effects of chilling on the growth and development of tomatoes by regulating nutrient uptake and maintaining the photosynthetic performance of leaves.

Key words: tomato, chilling stress, melatonin, photosynthetic property, phenological phase, yield

王玉萍, 符质, 孙佳莹, 穆晓萌, 刘慧淋, 郭进云, 宋文菁, 侯雷平, 赵海亮. 苗期施用褪黑素对番茄短期低温胁迫的缓解作用与应用效果评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(7): 1523-1535.

WANG YuPing, FU Zhi, SUN JiaYing, MU XiaoMeng, LIU HuiLin, GUO JinYun, SONG WenJing, HOU LeiPing, ZHAO HaiLiang. Evaluation of the Mitigating Effect and Application Efficacy of Melatonin Applied at the Seedling Stage on Short-Term Chilling Stress in Tomato Plants[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1523-1535.

图/表 8

表1

表2

表3

表4

低温胁迫下外源褪黑素对番茄幼苗元素吸收与分配的影响"

元素 Element		处理 Treatment
元素 Element		NW	NM	CW	CM
N (mg∙g^-1)	根 Root	5.9956±0.2521b	8.3182±0.8611a	6.4246±0.2057b	8.2142±0.3278a
	茎 Steam	5.4807±0.0989b	8.1412±0.1441a	4.5758±0.2791c	7.6545±0.5695a
	叶 Leaf	12.0020±0.8710c	15.7524±0.3158a	11.5167±0.2578c	14.6880±0.3306b
P (mg∙g^-1)	根 Root	1.5870±0.0933b	1.7730±0.0472a	1.2313±0.0592c	1.4881±0.0127b
	茎 Steam	1.6560±0.0423b	1.8993±0.0642a	1.4310±0.0580c	1.4464±0.0256c
	叶 Leaf	3.0090±0.0785c	3.8817±0.0490a	2.7879±0.0496d	3.5689±0.0307b
K (mg∙g^-1)	根 Root	1.0376±0.0361c	1.5284±0.0279b	1.4409±0.0630b	1.9870±0.1194a
	茎 Steam	4.5644±0.1820c	5.2527±0.0638a	3.4670±0.0278d	4.9394±0.1523b
	叶 Leaf	3.2997±0.0551c	4.4587±0.1492a	4.1916±0.0757b	4.3844±0.1144ab
Ca (mg∙g^-1)	根 Root	0.0251±0.0032c	0.0231±0.0012c	0.0554±0.0021b	0.1304±0.0012a
	茎 Steam	0.0437±0.0032c	0.0362±0.0024d	0.0644±0.0059b	0.1283±0.0024a
	叶 Leaf	0.0346±0.0021c	0.0356±0.0030c	0.0554±0.0036b	0.1318±0.0036a
Na (mg∙g^-1)	根 Root	1.4057±0.1030a	1.1973±0.0289b	1.2005±0.0281b	0.8183±0.0421c
	茎 Steam	0.9698±0.0565a	0.7287±0.0113b	0.6831±0.0596b	0.5528±0.0160c
	叶 Leaf	0.6113±0.0624b	0.5322±0.0331b	0.7377±0.0697a	0.5897±0.0106b
Mg (mg∙g^-1)	根 Root	0.7545±0.0033b	0.8196±0.0016a	0.7012±0.0135c	0.6124±0.0077c
	茎 Steam	0.5010±0.0088b	0.4960±0.0034b	0.5510±0.0044a	0.4095±0.0209c
	叶 Leaf	0.6299±0.0034b	0.7170±0.0307a	0.6896±0.0062b	0.6928±0.0055b
Fe (μg∙g^-1)	根 Root	76.1050±1.3000c	56.6050±2.6000d	166.6667±13.0864b	403.2567±9.8434a
	茎 Steam	107.3000±6.5000c	142.4000±20.8000b	86.9350±3.9688c	220.3975±12.9975a
	叶 Leaf	151.0667±5.4123b	119.8667±9.8434c	151.9333±7.9431b	333.9267±24.1553a
Zn (μg∙g^-1)	根 Root	67.8480±2.5692a	34.9117±1.3595c	44.0133±2.6600b	31.0567±3.8914c
	茎 Steam	61.4200±1.7399a	38.1767±2.6381b	38.1767±1.8059b	33.2333±0.7474c
	叶 Leaf	71.6067±1.4947a	37.8800±0.7852c	43.4183±1.4017b	31.3517±2.8301d
Cu (μg∙g^-1)	根 Root	26.1500±1.3150c	62.9950±1.3150a	44.5725±0.7875b	45.3600±3.1600b
	茎 Steam	84.0500±1.3150a	72.2083±4.5582b	44.5725±3.9475c	45.8883±4.5582c
	叶 Leaf	38.9600±1.6714b	88.8767±9.2412a	24.8333±2.6325c	36.1150±3.8189b

表4

图1

图2

图3

表5

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处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	地上部鲜重 Fresh weight of the aboveground portion (g)	地下部鲜重 Fresh weight of the Underground portion (g)	根冠比（鲜重） root-shoot ratio (fresh)	地上部干重 Dry weight of the aboveground portion (g)	地下部干重 Dry weight of the Underground portion (g)	根冠比（干重） Root-shoot ratio (dry)
NW	20.55±1.31a	4.79±0.13a	9.7717±0.6828a	1.3850±0.2331a	0.1412±0.0172c	0.6978±0.0334a	0.1547±0.0154a	0.2221±0.0244a
NM	20.17±0.60a	4.82±0.11a	10.4117±0.3810a	1.4023±0.2490a	0.1415±0.0217c	0.7043±0.0227a	0.1573±0.0520a	0.2223±0.0087a
CW	17.30±1.16b	4.25±0.15b	6.0267±0.5166c	1.0450±0.2545c	0.1722±0.0326b	0.3700±0.0492c	0.0608±0.0181c	0.1637±0.0418a
CM	16.02±1.45b	4.68±0.11a	7.0483±0.4390b	1.4983±0.2188b	0.2121±0.0219a	0.4710±0.0469b	0.0897±0.0215b	0.1935±0.0533a

处理 Treatment	光化学效率 ϕ_Po	捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中超过QA的其他电子受体的概率 ψ_o	用于电子传递的量子产额 ϕ_Eo	用于热耗散的量子比率 ϕ_Do	以吸收光能为基础的性能指数 PI_ABS	单位反应中心吸收的光能 ABS/RC	单位反应中心捕获的用于还原Q_A的能量 TRO/RC	单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量 ETO/RC	单位反应中心耗散掉的能量 DIO/RC
NW	0.8313±0.0015a	0.6050±0.0131a	0.5030±0.0106a	0.1687±0.0015c	3.3300±0.2174a	2.2713±0.0204bc	1.8883±0.0167b	1.1420±0.0142a	0.3827±0.0047c
NM	0.8327±0.0029a	0.5963±0.0057a	0.4963±0.0060a	0.1673±0.0029c	3.3180±0.1241a	2.2137±0.0790c	1.8420±0.0665b	1.0993±0.0490a	0.3710±0.0140c
CW	0.8027±0.0038c	0.4870±0.0330b	0.3907±0.0249c	0.1973±0.0038a	1.5753±0.0386c	2.6223±0.0181a	2.0720±0.0576a	1.0650±0.0026b	0.5197±0.0110a
CM	0.8200±0.0017b	0.5300±0.0144b	0.4347±0.0122b	0.1800±0.0017b	2.1760±0.1071b	2.3643±0.0761b	1.9390±0.0653b	1.0280±0.0570b	0.4257±0.0102b

处理 Treatment	叶绿素a含量 Chla content (mg∙g^-1)	叶绿素b含量 Chlb content (mg∙g^-1)	叶绿素a/叶绿素b Chla/Chlb	叶绿素总量 Chl total content (mg∙g^-1)	类胡萝卜素含量 Caro content (mg∙g^-1)	类胡萝卜素/总叶绿素 Caro/Chl
NW	2.4309±0.0658a	0.9660±0.0285a	2.5184±0.1167a	3.3969±0.0634a	0.4054±0.0399a	0.1192±0.0101a
NM	2.5491±0.1416a	1.0215±0.1022a	2.5035±0.1345a	3.5706±0.2393a	0.4333±0.0201a	0.1216±0.0069a
CW	1.7220±0.1003c	0.7635±0.0102b	2.2544±0.1020a	2.4855±0.1105c	0.2796±0.0248b	0.1124±0.0074a
CM	2.0065±0.0580b	0.8861±0.1271ab	2.2947±0.3198a	2.8926±0.1688b	0.3396±0.0387b	0.1181±0.0203a

处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid content (%)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (%)	可滴定酸 Titratable acid (%)	糖酸比 sugar-acid ratio (%)	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (μg·g^-1)	维生素C Vitamin C (μg·g^-1)	番茄红素 Lycopene (μg·g^-1)	硝酸盐 Nitrate (μg·g^-1)
NW	4.0667±0.0577b	1.9663±0.0461a	0.0986±0.0085c	20.0588±2.1072a	61.7372±2.9823d	268.9472±7.3435a	52.5123±4.7705c	291.5463±8.3237a
NM	4.4333±0.1155a	1.5209±0.1423b	0.1042±0.0032c	14.6330±1.8501b	72.4852±2.6852c	255.4904±8.8308a	59.4133±3.7443b	241.5625±0.5468c
CW	4.2333±0.0577b	1.8081±0.1449ab	0.1210±0.0032b	14.9347±0.8132b	77.9383±2.9068b	260.7205±10.8083a	58.0400±1.1257bc	265.8959±7.5944b
CM	4.1333±0.1528b	1.8452±0.3000ab	0.1340±0.0056a	13.7392±1.7639b	92.8844±1.9347a	226.7403±4.4330b	67.5555±1.9608a	258.1169±7.4534b

苗期施用褪黑素对番茄短期低温胁迫的缓解作用与应用效果评价

Evaluation of the Mitigating Effect and Application Efficacy of Melatonin Applied at the Seedling Stage on Short-Term Chilling Stress in Tomato Plants

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