不同降水强度的草原生态系统凋落物分解特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.01.009

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (1): 117-126.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.01.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

不同降水强度的草原生态系统凋落物分解特征

李澳归¹(), 陈亚茹¹^,², 彭子洋³, 茹靖益², 刘卫星¹^,^*()

¹ 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081
² 河北大学生命科学学院，河北保定 071002
³ 植被与环境变化国家重点实验室/中国科学院植物研究所，北京 100093

收稿日期:2024-01-24 接受日期:2024-05-24 出版日期:2025-01-01 发布日期:2025-01-07
通信作者:
刘卫星，E-mail：liuweixing@caas.cn
联系方式: 李澳归，E-mail：aoguili1999@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32171595); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(1610132023008)

Litter Decomposition Characteristics of Steppe Ecosystems with Different Precipitation Gradients

LI AoGui¹(), CHEN YaRu¹^,², PENG ZiYang³, RU JingYi², LIU WeiXing¹^,^*()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
² College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei
³ State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change/Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093

Received:2024-01-24 Accepted:2024-05-24 Published:2025-01-01 Online:2025-01-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究凋落物在不同降水下的分解动态，了解草原生态系统碳和养分循环过程及其生态系统功能。【方法】采用土块移植的方式，沿自然降水梯度选择3种类型的温带草原（荒漠草原、典型草原和草甸草原），开展为期两年的糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）凋落物分解试验。连续监测分解过程中的质量损失，并分析氮和磷残留率，以及β-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）、亮氨酸氨基肽酶（LAP）、N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）和酸性磷酸酶（AP）的活性，旨在揭示长期历史降水对凋落物分解速率的影响及分解过程的动态特征。【结果】糙隐子草在典型草原中分解最快，分解常数（k值）为（0.32±0.01）a^-1，而在荒漠草原和草甸草原中的分解速率没有显著差异；分解两年后凋落物的氮和磷残留率在典型草原最低，分别剩余（53.0±2.4）%和（58.6±3.9）%，氮元素在整个分解过程中主要表现出矿化模式，而磷元素呈现分解早期固定，分解后期矿化的模式，其在荒漠草原中的累积量最高。分解过程中所有酶活性呈现出动态波动，综合整个分解周期，碳获取酶（BG）和氮获取酶（LAP和NAG）活性在典型草原最高，而磷获取酶（AP）活性在草甸草原较高；结合酶化学计量学的结果，典型草原凋落物分解呈现出碳限制，草甸草原凋落物分解则呈现出磷限制，3种草原生态系统的凋落物质量损失率随整个分解阶段的BG和NAG酶活性的增强而增大。【结论】草原凋落物的质量损失率、养分释放速率以及酶活性并不是随着降水梯度的升高而增加。受水分限制的草原生态系统中，凋落物的分解需要从环境中固定较多的磷。本研究揭示了凋落物分解过程对不同历史降水的响应特征，这有助于更好地理解植物-土壤-微生物的碳和养分循环。

关键词: 温带草原, 凋落物分解, 降水梯度, 酶活性

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to explore the dynamics of litter decomposition under different environmental precipitation conditions, thereby facilitating understanding of the carbon (C) and nutrient cycling processes and ecosystem functions of steppe ecosystems. 【Method】In this study, soil monoliths selected from three types of temperate steppe along the natural precipitation gradient (i.e. desert, typical, and meadow steppes), and transplanted to conduct a two-year litter decomposition experiment of Cleistogenes squarrosa in typical steppe. We continuously monitored mass loss, the remaining rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), as well as the activities of β-glucosidase (BG), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), N-acetylglucosidase (NAG) and acid phosphatase (AP) during decomposition, to discover the influence of long-term historical precipitation on litter decomposition rate and the dynamic characteristics of decomposition process. 【Result】The litter decomposition rate was highest in the typical steppe with a decomposition constant (k value) of (0.32±0.01) a^-1, were no difference observed between the desert steppe and the meadow steppe. The remaining rate of N and P in litters after two years of decomposition were lowest in typical steppe, with values of (53.0±2.4) % and (58.6±3.9) %, respectively. The N element mainly showed a mineralization pattern during the decomposition stages, while the P was fixed from environment in early stages whereas mineralized in late stages, and microbial P accumulation in litters was greatest in desert steppe. The activities of all enzymes showed fluctuations depending on decomposition stages. Over the whole decomposition time, the activities of C-acquiring enzyme (BG) and N-acquiring enzyme (LAP and NAG) were highest in typical steppe, while the activities of P-acquiring enzyme (AP) were highest in meadow steppe. Combined with the results of enzyme stoichiometry, litter decomposition showed C-limitation in typical steppe, while it was P-limited in meadow steppe. The litter mass loss rate increased with the enhancement of litter BG and NAG activities across the three steppes. 【Conclusion】The mass loss rate, nutrient release rate and enzyme activities of steppe litter did not increase with the increase of precipitation gradient. The litter decomposition fixed more P from environment in water-limited steppe ecosystems. This study reveals the characteristics of litter decomposition process in response to different historical precipitation, advancing our understanding of plant-soil-microbe C and nutrient cycles.

Key words: temperate steppe, litter decomposition, precipitation gradient, enzyme activity

李澳归, 陈亚茹, 彭子洋, 茹靖益, 刘卫星. 不同降水强度的草原生态系统凋落物分解特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(1): 117-126.

LI AoGui, CHEN YaRu, PENG ZiYang, RU JingYi, LIU WeiXing. Litter Decomposition Characteristics of Steppe Ecosystems with Different Precipitation Gradients[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(1): 117-126.

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不同降水强度的草原生态系统凋落物分解特征

Litter Decomposition Characteristics of Steppe Ecosystems with Different Precipitation Gradients

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