中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (21): 4623-4634.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.21.012
郜永博1(),王世显1,魏珉1,李静1,高中强4,孟伦5,杨凤娟1,2,3,*(
)
收稿日期:
2021-01-17
接受日期:
2021-04-19
出版日期:
2021-11-01
发布日期:
2021-11-09
通讯作者:
杨凤娟
作者简介:
联系方式:郜永博,E-mail: 基金资助:
GAO YongBo1(),WANG ShiXian1,WEI Min1,LI Jing1,GAO ZhongQiang4,MENG Lun5,YANG FengJuan1,2,3,*(
)
Received:
2021-01-17
Accepted:
2021-04-19
Online:
2021-11-01
Published:
2021-11-09
Contact:
FengJuan YANG
摘要:
【目的】研究日光温室基质培条件下,不同氮磷钾用量对茄子产量、根系生长和根际基质中微生物数量及酶活性的影响,为基质培茄子氮磷钾养分合理施用提供理论依据。【方法】采用基质槽栽和水肥一体化滴灌方式,以前期试验得到的基质配方沙子:炉渣:菇渣=6:3:1(体积比)为栽培基质,以不施肥处理为对照(CK),以目标产量施肥量(目标产量施肥量=(目标产量需肥量-基质中速效养分含量)/化肥利用率)设定100%施肥量(F4),在此基础上,分别减少60%(F1)、40%(F2)、20%(F3)及增加20%(F5)和40%(F6)施肥量,研究氮磷钾用量对茄子产量、根系发育和根际基质微生物数量和酶活性的影响。【结果】茄子单株产量随氮磷钾用量增加呈先增高后降低的趋势,较CK增产幅度为101.1%—212.9%,F3处理下单株产量最高,比CK高212.9%(P<0.05)。根际基质中微生物以细菌为主,其次为放线菌,真菌较少。定植90 d后,随氮磷钾施用量增加,茄子根际基质中速效氮、磷、钾含量逐渐增加,细菌、真菌和放线菌数量,蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,F3处理下均较高,高氮磷钾处理(F4、F5和F6)下脲酶活性较高;根系活力、根系总长度和根系表面积呈先增加后降低的趋势,在F2处理下较高,分别较CK增加109.2%、49.2%和46.5%,差异显著。细菌数量与基质酶活性呈显著正相关,脲酶活性与速效氮、磷、钾含量呈极显著正相关,过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性与速效磷、钾含量呈显著正相关;细菌数量、过氧化氢酶活性与根系活力和产量呈极显著正相关,脲酶活性、速效磷、速效钾含量与根系活力和产量呈显著正相关,根系活力与单株产量呈极显著正相关。【结论】在沙子:炉渣:菇渣=6:3:1(体积比)的栽培基质条件下,日光温室冬春茬茄子的适宜氮磷钾用量分别为N 180.6 kg·hm-2、P2O5 212.1 kg·hm-2、K2O 434.9 kg·hm-2,依此量施肥有利于茄子产量、根系活力和基质微生物数量及酶活性的提高,可为茄子生长提供良好的微生态环境。
郜永博,王世显,魏珉,李静,高中强,孟伦,杨凤娟. 氮磷钾用量对基质培茄子产量、根系形态和根际微生物数量与酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(21): 4623-4634.
GAO YongBo,WANG ShiXian,WEI Min,LI Jing,GAO ZhongQiang,MENG Lun,YANG FengJuan. Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Dosage on the Yield, Root Morphology, Rhizosphere Microbial Quantity and Enzyme Activity of Eggplant Under Substrate Cultivation[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(21): 4623-4634.
表1
试验设计处理"
处理Treatment | 幼苗期每15 d施肥量 Fertilization dosage of 15 days at the seedling stage | 结果期每15 d施肥量 Fertilization dosage of 15 days at fruiting stage | 总施肥量 Total fertilization dosage | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (kg·hm-2) | P2O5 (kg·hm-2) | K2O (kg·hm-2) | N (kg·hm-2) | P2O5 (kg·hm-2) | K2O (kg·hm-2) | N (kg·hm-2) | P2O5 (kg·hm-2) | K2O (kg·hm-2) | |
CK | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
F1 | 6.95 | 8.16 | 16.73 | 12.74 | 14.96 | 30.67 | 90.3 | 106.1 | 217.5 |
F2 | 10.42 | 12.24 | 25.09 | 19.10 | 22.44 | 46.00 | 135.4 | 159.1 | 326.2 |
F3 | 13.89 | 16.31 | 33.46 | 25.47 | 29.91 | 61.34 | 180.6 | 212.1 | 434.9 |
F4 | 17.36 | 20.39 | 41.83 | 31.83 | 37.39 | 76.68 | 225.7 | 265.1 | 543.7 |
F5 | 20.84 | 24.47 | 50.19 | 38.20 | 44.87 | 92.02 | 270.9 | 318.2 | 652.5 |
F6 | 24.31 | 28.55 | 58.55 | 44.57 | 52.35 | 107.35 | 316.0 | 371.2 | 761.2 |
表2
不同氮磷钾用量对茄子根系形态指标和根系活力的影响"
处理 Treatment | 根系活力 Root activity (μg·g-1 FW·h-1) | 根系总长度 Root total length (cm) | 根系表面积 Root surface area (cm2) | 根系体积 Root volume (cm3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 72.30±4.10e | 4222.2±191.9d | 1614.9±75.0d | 73.7±7.0d |
F1 | 92.64±3.24d | 5164.2±186.1bc | 1880.9±76.9c | 87.3±5.4cd |
F2 | 151.28±10.25a | 6300.5±269.9a | 2366.4±91.6a | 105.3±2.8ab |
F3 | 147.53±2.39a | 5660.4±309.2ab | 2096.5±51.9b | 110.4±3.1a |
F4 | 143.04±8.06ab | 5469.1±66.1 b | 1938.3±135.6bc | 112.7±2.0a |
F5 | 131.56±5.56bc | 5567.6±203.5b | 1883.7±55.9c | 98.5±3.8abc |
F6 | 125.54±6.17c | 4589.0±262.0cd | 1654.4±53.4d | 92.3±6.4bc |
表3
不同氮磷钾用量对茄子根际基质速效氮、磷、钾含量和pH的影响"
处理 Treatment | 速效氮含量 Available nitrogen content (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷含量 Available phosphorus content (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾含量 Available potassium content (mg·kg-1) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 37.54±1.20f | 38.54±2.54d | 93.88±1.41e | 7.57±0.014a |
F1 | 45.40±3.66e | 49.52±1.37c | 132.33±2.84d | 7.57±0.009a |
F2 | 54.20±1.38d | 63.49±3.45b | 157.22±7.73c | 7.54±0.024ab |
F3 | 58.74±1.21cd | 65.46±1.37b | 177.79±8.98b | 7.51±0.014bc |
F4 | 61.53±2.53bc | 71.95±1.79a | 187.46±7.06b | 7.48±0.031c |
F5 | 65.79±2.70ab | 74.54±1.30a | 204.28±3.37a | 7.46±0.034c |
F6 | 68.19±1.60a | 72.42±1.44a | 201.02±6.34a | 7.37±0.037d |
表4
不同氮磷钾用量对茄子根际基质微生物香农指数的影响"
处理 Treatment | 香农指数 Shannon index (H) | ||
---|---|---|---|
60 d | 90 d | 120 d | |
CK | 0.613±0.028ab | 0.593±0.017b | 0.568±0.025ab |
F1 | 0.623±0.022a | 0.640±0.004a | 0.581±0.021a |
F2 | 0.610±0.011ab | 0.605±0.005b | 0.556±0.017abc |
F3 | 0.610±0.032ab | 0.585±0.008bc | 0.529±0.018bcd |
F4 | 0.634±0.006a | 0.557±0.019cd | 0.467±0.020e |
F5 | 0.611±0.017ab | 0.597±0.012b | 0.509±0.028cde |
F6 | 0.566±0.029b | 0.529±0.019d | 0.487±0.014de |
表5
茄子结果盛期根际基质微生物数量、酶活性、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量、pH、根系活力及单株产量的相关性关系"
相关系数 Correlation coefficient | 细菌 Bacteria | 真菌 Fungi | 放线菌 Actinomyces | 脲酶 Urease | 蔗糖酶 Sucrase | 过氧化氢酶 Catalase | 碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase | 速效氮Available nitrogen | 速效磷Available phosphorus | 速效钾Available potassium | pH | 根系活力 Root activity | 单株产量 Yield/plant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
细菌 Bacteria | 1 | ||||||||||||
真菌 Fungi | 0.278 | 1 | |||||||||||
放线菌 Actinomyces | 0.627 | 0.783* | 1 | ||||||||||
脲酶 Urease | 0.761* | -0.122 | 0.300 | 1 | |||||||||
蔗糖酶 Sucrase | 0.786* | 0.739 | 0.766* | 0.279 | 1 | ||||||||
过氧化氢酶 Catalase | 0.928** | 0.261 | 0.624 | 0.859* | 0.636 | 1 | |||||||
碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase | 0.866* | 0.257 | 0.710 | 0.816* | 0.552 | 0.961** | 1 | ||||||
速效氮 Available nitrogen | 0.619 | -0.341 | 0.075 | 0.964** | 0.071 | 0.744 | 0.688 | 1 | |||||
速效磷 Available phosphorus | 0.723 | -0.162 | 0.226 | 0.993** | 0.242 | 0.829* | 0.763* | 0.980** | 1 | ||||
速效钾 Available potassium | 0.656 | -0.256 | 0.170 | 0.982** | 0.121 | 0.797* | 0.758* | 0.992** | 0.987** | 1 | |||
pH | -0.274 | 0.733 | 0.387 | -0.738 | 0.319 | -0.369 | -0.304 | -0.879** | -0.780* | -0.824* | 1 | ||
根系活力 Root activity | 0.927** | 0.219 | 0.570 | 0.848* | 0.685 | 0.913** | 0.830* | 0.753 | 0.840* | 0.772* | -0.420 | 1 | |
单株产量 Yield/plant | 0.952** | 0.230 | 0.681 | 0.849* | 0.664 | 0.954** | 0.942** | 0.726 | 0.811* | 0.769* | -0.356 | 0.956** | 1 |
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