有机肥替代化肥对砂姜黑土区小麦-玉米轮作系统N2O排放的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.16.009

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (16): 3156-3167.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.16.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

有机肥替代化肥对砂姜黑土区小麦-玉米轮作系统N₂O排放的影响

刘高远¹^,²(), 和爱玲¹, 杜君¹, 吕金岭¹, 聂胜委¹, 潘秀燕³, 许纪东³, 李珏⁴, 杨占平¹()

¹ 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所，郑州 450002
² 河南省农业生态环境重点实验室，郑州 450002
³ 遂平县农业科学试验站，河南驻马店 463100
⁴ 河南省水利水电学校，河南周口 466000

收稿日期:2022-08-25 接受日期:2022-11-10 出版日期:2023-08-16 发布日期:2023-08-18
通信作者:
杨占平，E-mail：zhpyang3@163.com
联系方式: 刘高远，E-mail：liugaoyuan678@163.com。
基金资助:
河南省重大科技专项(221100110700); 河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2021ZC36); 河南省科技创新引导计划资金项目(Zhs202106)

Effect of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Nitrous Oxide Emission from Wheat-Maize Rotation System in Lime Concretion Black Soil

LIU GaoYuan¹^,²(), HE AiLing¹, DU Jun¹, LÜ JinLing¹, NIE ShengWei¹, PAN XiuYan³, XU JiDong³, LI Jue⁴, YANG ZhanPing¹()

¹ Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002
² Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Environment, Zhengzhou 450002
³ Suiping Experimental Station of Agricultural Sciences, Zhumadian 463100, Henan
⁴ Henan Water Conservancy and Hydropower School, Zhoukou 466000, Henan

Received:2022-08-25 Accepted:2022-11-10 Published:2023-08-16 Online:2023-08-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究有机肥替代化肥条件下砂姜黑土区小麦-玉米轮作系统N₂O排放特征及与土壤环境因子的关系，为实现农田温室气体减排提供理论依据。【方法】以砂姜黑土区小麦-玉米轮作系统为研究对象，采用静态箱-气相色谱法与常规土壤参数分析相结合，研究不施肥（CK）、常规施肥（CF）、有机肥氮替代20%化肥氮及有机肥氮替代40%化肥氮（R2FM及R4FM，有机肥于小麦季施用）对小麦-玉米轮作系统N₂O排放的影响及与关键驱动因子的关系。【结果】R2FM及R4FM处理小麦产量显著高于CF处理，增幅分别为12.2%和10.2%，而不同施肥处理之间玉米产量无显著差异。CK、CF、R2FM及R4FM处理周年N₂O平均排放通量分别为5.9、50.3、43.9及39.6 μg·m^-2·h^-1，其中小麦季为3.1、23.6、25.0及26.4 μg·m^-2·h^-1，玉米季为8.8、77.0、62.8及52.9 μg·m^-2·h^-1；不同施肥处理下N₂O排放通量与土壤NO₃^--N含量呈极显著正相关，同时还与小麦季土壤温度、玉米季土壤含水量呈显著或极显著正相关。CF、R2FM及R4FM处理周年N₂O累积排放量分别为2.38、2.44及2.53 kg·hm^-2，较CK处理（0.56 kg·hm^-2）显著增加325%—354%，N₂O-N排放系数为0.40%—0.44%，但CF、R2FM及R4FM处理之间周年N₂O累积排放量、N₂O-N排放系数均无显著差异。不同施肥处理下季节性N₂O累积排放量存在差异，与CF处理相比，R2FM及R4FM处理在小麦季N₂O累积排放量分别显著提高28.3%和62.6%，且二者N₂O-N排放系数（0.35%和0.41%）显著增加，而在玉米季N₂O累积排放量分别显著降低15.8%和33.8%；N₂O累积排放量与小麦季土壤全氮、碱解氮、微生物量碳含量及玉米季土壤全氮含量呈显著或极显著正相关，而与玉米季土壤有机碳含量呈显著负相关。【结论】在有机肥氮替代化肥氮条件下，优化小麦季施肥管理是减少砂姜黑土区小麦-玉米轮作系统N₂O排放的关键。

关键词: 小麦-玉米轮作, 化肥减施, 畜禽粪便, 氧化亚氮, 温室气体, 砂姜黑土

Abstract:

【Objective】 Under the condition of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer, the relationship between nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions and soil environmental factors in wheat-maize rotation system of lime concretion black soil was researched, which could provide theoretical basis for greenhouse gas emission reduction from farmland. 【Method】 In this study, taking wheat-maize rotation system of lime concretion black soil as research object, the effects of no fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (CF) and organic fertilizer-N replacing 20% or 40% of chemical fertilizer-N (R2FM and R4FM, organic fertilizer-N were applied in the wheat season) on N₂O emissions and environmental factors driving N₂O emissions were analyzed by the method of static box-gas chromatography and conventional soil parameter analysis. 【Result】 The wheat yields under R2FM and R4FM were significantly increased by 12.2% and 10.2% than those under CF, respectively, but there was no significant difference in the maize yields between fertilization treatments. Average annual N₂O emission fluxes under CK, CF, R2FM, and R4FM were 5.9, 50.3, 43.9 and 39.6 μg·m^-2·h^-1, with 3.1, 23.6, 25.0 and 26.4 μg·m^-2·h^-1 in the wheat season and 8.8, 77.0, 62.8 and 52.9 μg·m^-2·h^-1 in the maize season, respectively. Under fertilization treatments, N₂O emission fluxes were significantly positively correlated with soil NO₃^--N in the whole season, as well as soil temperature in the wheat season and soil water content in the maize season. Cumulative annual N₂O emissions were 2.38, 2.44 and 2.53 kg·hm^-2 for CF, R2FM and R4FM, which were significantly increased by 325%-354% in comparison to CK (0.56 kg·hm^-2), and the range of their emission factors was 0.40%-0.44%. However, there was no significant difference between cumulative annual N₂O emissions or N₂O-N emission factors under CF, R2FM and R4FM. Cumulative seasonal N₂O emissions were obviously different between fertilizer treatments, such as R2FM and R4FM significantly increased cumulative N₂O emissions by 28.3% and 62.6% in the wheat season in comparison to CF, and their N₂O-N emission factors (0.35% and 0.41%) were also significantly increased, but they significantly decreased cumulative N₂O emissions by 15.8% and 33.8% in the maize season, respectively. Cumulative N₂O emissions were significantly positively correlated with soil total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon in the wheat season as well as soil total nitrogen in the maize season, but they were significantly negatively correlated with soil organic carbon in the maize season, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Under the condition of organic fertilizer-N replacing chemical fertilizer-N, optimizing fertilization management in the wheat season is the key to reduce N₂O emissions from wheat-maize rotation system in lime concretion black soil.

Key words: wheat-maize rotation, fertilizer reduction, livestock manure, nitrous oxide, greenhouse gas, lime concretion black soil

刘高远, 和爱玲, 杜君, 吕金岭, 聂胜委, 潘秀燕, 许纪东, 李珏, 杨占平. 有机肥替代化肥对砂姜黑土区小麦-玉米轮作系统N₂O排放的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(16): 3156-3167.

LIU GaoYuan, HE AiLing, DU Jun, LÜ JinLing, NIE ShengWei, PAN XiuYan, XU JiDong, LI Jue, YANG ZhanPing. Effect of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Nitrous Oxide Emission from Wheat-Maize Rotation System in Lime Concretion Black Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(16): 3156-3167.

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处理 Treatment	小麦 Wheat season				玉米 Maize season
处理 Treatment	有机肥氮 Manure N	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
CF	0	225	100	100	225	60	60
R2FM	90	180	79.5	87.7	180	39.5	47.7
R4FM	180	135	59.1	75.5	135	19.1	35.5

时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	T	VWC	NO₃^--N	NH₄^＋-N
小麦季 Wheat season	CK	0.19	0.20	0.31^*	0.09
	CF	0.51^**	0.26	0.58^**	0.22
	R2FM	0.44^**	0.18	0.52^**	0.16
	R4FM	0.40^**	0.07	0.49^**	0.13
玉米 Maize season	CK	0.10	0.23	0.28^*	0.12
	CF	0.18	0.54^**	0.72^**	0.17
	R2FM	0.21	0.35^*	0.83^**	0.20
	R4FM	0.17	0.36^*	0.65^**	0.18
周年 Annual	CK	0.13	0.22	0.30^*	0.11
	CF	0.27	0.35^*	0.52^**	0.19
	R2FM	0.24	0.23	0.57^**	0.17
	R4FM	0.22	0.14	0.45^**	0.16

时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	施氮量 N dosage (kg·hm^-2)	累积排放量 Cumulative emission (kg·hm^-2)	排放系数 Emission factor (%)
小麦季 Wheat season	CK	0	0.32±0.07d	/
	CF	225	0.99±0.11c	0.30±0.02c
	R2FM	270	1.27±0.14b	0.35±0.01b
	R4FM	315	1.61±0.19a	0.41±0.03a
玉米 Maize season	CK	0	0.24±0.04d	/
	CF	225	1.39±0.16a	0.51±0.02a
	R2FM	180	1.17±0.08b	0.52±0.02a
	R4FM	135	0.92±0.10c	0.50±0.01a
周年 Annual	CK	0	0.56±0.05b
	CF	450	2.38±0.12a	0.40±0.02a
	R2FM	450	2.44±0.09a	0.42±0.01a
	R4FM	450	2.53±0.16a	0.44±0.03a

时期Stage	处理Treatment	pH	OC (g·kg^-1)	TN (g·kg^-1)	C/N	AHN (mg·kg^-1)	MBC (mg·kg^-1)
小麦季 Wheat season	CK	6.94±0.07a	6.26±0.20d	0.45±0.02d	13.9±0.8a	62.2±10.8c	76.0±9.1c
	CF	6.65±0.05b	6.97±0.44c	0.68±0.04c	10.3±0.4c	95.6±8.5b	120.5±16.0b
	R2FM	6.70±0.14b	8.85±0.18b	0.77±0.03b	11.5±0.5b	121.1±12.2a	169.4±19.3a
	R4FM	6.72±0.11b	9.36±0.32a	0.80±0.05a	11.7±0.7b	134.9±15.9a	187.8±22.4a
玉米季 Maize season	CK	6.96±0.06a	6.32±0.19c	0.43±0.10b	14.7±1.3a	66.7±6.2b	82.3±7.2b
	CF	6.61±0.15b	7.10±0.21b	0.69±0.05a	10.1±1.0b	103.4±12.7a	131.1±15.6a
	R2FM	6.67±0.04b	8.71±0.35a	0.72±0.08a	12.1±0.8a	118.7±11.5a	148.2±13.3a
	R4FM	6.68±0.08b	9.12±0.27a	0.74±0.04a	12.3±1.5a	122.6±9.4a	154.7±10.1a

时期 Stage	pH	OC	TN	C/N	AHN	MBC
小麦季Wheat season	-0.41	0.69	0.94^**	-0.43	0.88^*	0.92^**
玉米季 Maize season	-0.60	-0.88^*	0.79^*	-0.82^*	0.24	0.64

有机肥替代化肥对砂姜黑土区小麦-玉米轮作系统N₂O排放的影响

Effect of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Nitrous Oxide Emission from Wheat-Maize Rotation System in Lime Concretion Black Soil

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