近30年来我国小麦和玉米秸秆资源时空变化特征及还田减肥潜力

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.16.008

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (16): 3140-3155.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.16.008

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

近30年来我国小麦和玉米秸秆资源时空变化特征及还田减肥潜力

刘淑军¹^,²(), 李冬初¹^,², 黄晶¹^,², 曲潇林³, 马常宝³, 王慧颖³, 于子坤³, 张璐¹^,², 韩天富¹, 柳开楼⁴, 申哲¹, 张会民¹^,²()

¹ 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室，北京 100081
² 中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站/湖南祁阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，湖南祁阳 426182
³ 农业农村部耕地质量监测保护中心，北京 100125
⁴ 江西省红壤及种质资源研究所/农业农村部酸化土改良与利用重点实验室，南昌 330046

收稿日期:2022-09-07 接受日期:2022-11-03 出版日期:2023-08-16 发布日期:2023-08-18
通信作者:
张会民，E-mail：zhanghuimin@caas.cn
联系方式: 刘淑军，E-mail：liushujun@caas.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0300901); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-88); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2022LM25); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(GY2022-13-5); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(G2022-02-2); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(G2022-02-3); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(G2022-02-10); 湖南省自然科学基金(2022JJ30648); 国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22-Z09)

Spatial-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Wheat and Maize Stalk Resources and Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Potential of Returning to Farmland in Recent 30 Years in China

LIU ShuJun¹^,²(), LI DongChu¹^,², HUANG Jing¹^,², QU XiaoLin³, MA ChangBao³, WANG HuiYing³, YU ZiKun³, ZHANG Lu¹^,², HAN TianFu¹, LIU KaiLou⁴, SHEN Zhe¹, ZHANG HuiMin¹^,²()

¹ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing 100081
² Red Soil Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Hengyang/National Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Hunan, Qiyang 426182, Hunan
³ Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection Center, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125
⁴ Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources/Key Laboratory of Acidified Soil Amelioration and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang 330046

Received:2022-09-07 Accepted:2022-11-03 Published:2023-08-16 Online:2023-08-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】我国拥有丰富的小麦和玉米秸秆资源，明晰我国小麦、玉米秸秆产量和养分资源量及还田减肥潜力的时空变化特征，可为推进秸秆资源利用和化肥减施提供决策依据。【方法】以农业农村部1988－2019年在全国小麦玉米区的土壤长期监测数据为基础，分析我国各地区不同年份的小麦玉米秸秆和养分资源量及还田减肥潜力。【结果】2010s全国小麦和玉米秸秆年均量分别达到1.62×10⁸和4.23×10⁸ t，比1990s增加0.16×10⁸和2.04×10⁸ t；秸秆NPK总养分资源年均量分别达到278.19×10⁴和901.08×10⁴ t，比1990s增加27.97×10⁴和434.82×10⁴ t，均以华北增量最高。30年来全国小麦秸秆及养分资源呈先降后增的趋势，玉米呈增长趋势。第一阶段（1990s—2000s）和第二阶段（2000s—2010s）小麦秸秆资源年变化速率分别为-42.47×10⁴和205.10×10⁴ t·a^-1，N、P和K的养分资源年变化速率分别为-0.26×10⁴、-0.03×10⁴、-0.44×10⁴ t·a^-1和1.27×10⁴、0.14×10⁴、2.11×10⁴ t·a^-1；第一阶段和第二阶段玉米秸秆资源年变化速率分别为397.82×10⁴和1643.60×10⁴ t·a^-1，N、P和K的养分资源年变化速率分别为3.46×10⁴、0.56×10⁴、4.46×10⁴ t·a^-1和14.30×10⁴、2.30×10⁴、18.41×10⁴ t·a^-1。80%以上的小麦秸秆及其养分资源分布在华北和长江中下游，以华北最高（0.93×10⁸ t，NPK 160.31×10⁴ t），西南最低（0.09×10⁸ t，NPK 16.05×10⁴ t）；70%左右的玉米秸秆及其养分资源分布在东北和华北，以东北最高（1.39×10⁸ t，NPK 296.96×10⁴ t），长江中下游最低（0.21×10⁸ t，NPK 44.40×10⁴ t）。全国小麦秸秆还田的N、P和K养分单位面积年均当季释放量分别为21.1、3.0和62.3 kg·hm^-2，以华北最高，西南最低；玉米秸秆还田的N、P和K养分单位面积年均当季释放量分别为48.6、10.6和97.7 kg·hm^-2，以西北最高，西南最低。近30年来，全国单位面积小麦和玉米秸秆还田的养分年均当季释放量持续稳定增加，小麦秸秆还田的N、P、K养分相当于化肥年均施用量的比例分别为9.13%—10.82%、4.26%—6.43%、88.02%—111.86%，玉米秸秆分别为22.99%—24.37%、16.04%—28.67%、150.29%—181.42%。【结论】我国小麦和玉米秸秆还田可满足作物生长的钾素需求，可减少约10%—20%氮肥、5%—20%磷肥的施用，充分利用秸秆资源，是实现化肥减施增效的重要保障。

关键词: 秸秆资源, 小麦, 玉米, 时空变化, 化肥减量, 中国

Abstract:

【Objective】China has rich wheat and maize stalk resources. It is necessary to clarify the spatial-temporal characteristics of the wheat and maize stalk resources, the corresponding nutrient resources and chemical fertilizer reduction potential through stalk incorporation, which can provide decision basis for promoting the utilization of stalk resources and reducing chemical fertilizer application. 【Method】Based on the soil long-term monitoring data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in wheat and maize planting areas of China from 1988 to 2019, this study analyzed the amount of wheat and maize stalk and its nutrient resources and fertilizer reduction potential through stalk incorporation in different years in each region of China. 【Result】The annual average amount of wheat and maize stalk resources reached 1.62×10⁸ t and 4.23×10⁸ t, respectively in 2010s, which were increased by 0.16×10⁸ t and 2.04×10⁸ t compared with 1990s, respectively. The annual average amount of wheat and maize stalk NPK resources reached 278.19×10⁴ t and 901.08×10⁴ t, respectively, which were increased by 27.97×10⁴ t and 434.82×10⁴ t compared with 1990s, respectively. Both of them increased most in North China (NC). The annual average amount of wheat stalk resources and NPK resources decreased first and then increased with planting years, while maize increased. In the first stage (1990s to 2000s) and the second stage (2000s to 2010s), the annual variation rate (AVR) of wheat stalk resources were -42.47×10⁴ t·a^-1 and 205.10×10⁴ t·a^-1, and the AVR of nutrient resources were -0.26×10⁴ t·a^-1 of N, -0.03×10⁴ t·a^-1 of P, -0.44×10⁴ t·a^-1 of K and 1.27×10⁴ t·a^-1 of N, 0.14×10⁴ t·a^-1of P, and 2.11×10⁴ t·a^-1 of K, respectively. In the first stage and the second stage, the AVR of maize stalk resources were 397.82×10⁴ t·a^-1 and 1 643.60×10⁴ t·a^-1, and the AVR of nutrient resources were 3.46×10⁴ t·a^-1 of N, 0.56×10⁴ t·a^-1 of P, 4.46×10⁴ t·a^-1 of K and 14.30×10⁴ t·a^-1 of N, 2.30×10⁴ t·a^-1 of P, and 18.41×10⁴ t·a^-1 of K, respectively. There were more than 80% of wheat stalk and its nutrient resources distributed in NC and Middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River (MLRYR), with the highest in NC (0.93×10⁸ t, 160.31×10⁴ t of NPK), and the lowest in Southwest China (SW) (0.09×10⁸ t, 16.05×10⁴ t of NPK). About 70% of maize stalk and its nutrient resources were distributed in Northeast China (NE) and NC, with the highest in NE (1.39×10⁸ t, 296.96×10⁴ t of NPK), and the lowest in MLRYR (0.21×10⁸ t, 44.40×10⁴ t of NPK). The annual average nutrient-release amount of wheat stalk incorporation per unit area were 21.1 kg·hm^-2 of N, 3.0 kg·hm^-2of P and 62.3 kg·hm^-2 of K in China, with the highest in NC, and the lowest in SW. The annual average nutrient-release amount of maize stalk incorporation per unit area were 48.6 kg·hm^-2 of N, 10.6 kg·hm^-2 of P and 97.7 kg·hm^-2 of K in China, with the highest in Northwest China (NW), and the lowest in SW. The annual average nutrient-release amount of wheat and maize stalk incorporation per unit area increased continually during 1988-2019. The proportion of wheat stalk returning nutrients to the annual chemical fertilizer application were 9.13%-10.82%, 4.26%-6.43% and 88.02%-111.86%, respectively, and that of maize stalk were 22.99%-24.37%, 16.04%-28.67% and 150.29%-171.95%, respectively. 【Conclusion】In general, using wheat and maize stalk properly could satisfy the basic potassium requirement for crop production and reduce the application of about 10%-20% nitrogen fertilizer and 5%-20% phosphorus fertilizer. Making full use of stalk resources was an important guarantee for reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency.

Key words: stalk resources, wheat, maize, temporal and spatial variation, chemical fertilizer reduction, China

刘淑军, 李冬初, 黄晶, 曲潇林, 马常宝, 王慧颖, 于子坤, 张璐, 韩天富, 柳开楼, 申哲, 张会民. 近30年来我国小麦和玉米秸秆资源时空变化特征及还田减肥潜力[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(16): 3140-3155.

LIU ShuJun, LI DongChu, HUANG Jing, QU XiaoLin, MA ChangBao, WANG HuiYing, YU ZiKun, ZHANG Lu, HAN TianFu, LIU KaiLou, SHEN Zhe, ZHANG HuiMin. Spatial-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Wheat and Maize Stalk Resources and Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Potential of Returning to Farmland in Recent 30 Years in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(16): 3140-3155.

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图/表 10

表1

表2

图1

图2

表3

图3

表4

不同区域小麦和玉米秸秆养分资源年均量时序变化"

区域 Region	年代 Years	小麦秸秆养分量 Nutrients in wheat stalk (×10⁴ t)				玉米秸秆养分量 Nutrients in maize stalk (×10⁴ t)
区域 Region	年代 Years	N	P	K	合计Total	N	P	K	合计Total
长江中下游 MLRYR	1990s	18.42±0.74	2.08±0.09	30.61±1.23	51.11±1.44	7.99±0.74	1.29±0.12	10.28±0.95	19.55±1.21
	2000s	19.97±0.45	2.25±0.06	33.18±0.75	55.40±0.88	10.32±0.37	1.66±0.06	13.28±0.47	25.26±0.60
	2010s	25.83±0.31	2.92±0.04	42.92±0.52	71.67±0.61	21.46±0.49	3.45±0.08	27.63±0.63	52.54±0.80
西南 SW	1990s	9.47±0.57	1.07±0.06	15.73±0.95	26.26±1.11	17.19±0.91	2.77±0.15	22.13±1.17	42.09±1.49
	2000s	5.55±0.23	0.63±0.03	9.21±0.39	15.39±0.45	22.19±0.95	3.57±0.15	28.56±1.22	54.32±1.55
	2010s	3.43±0.24	0.39±0.03	5.69±0.41	9.50±0.48	31.36±0.91	5.05±0.15	40.38±1.17	76.79±1.49
西北 NW	1990s	10.69±0.56	1.21±0.06	17.75±0.93	29.64±1.09	18.66±1.49	3.00±0.24	24.02±1.92	45.69±2.45
	2000s	9.68±0.39	1.09±0.04	16.07±0.65	26.84±0.77	36.65±3.38	5.90±0.54	47.18±4.36	89.72±5.54
	2010s	9.61±0.25	1.09±0.03	15.97±0.42	26.67±0.49	65.48±1.54	10.54±0.25	84.29±1.99	160.31±2.53
华北 NC	1990s	51.62±1.90	5.83±0.21	85.75±3.16	143.20±3.69	58.36±2.05	9.39±0.33	75.13±2.63	142.88±3.35
	2000s	52.37±0.81	5.91±0.09	87.00±1.34	145.28±1.57	76.45±1.33	12.30±0.21	98.41±1.71	187.16±2.17
	2010s	61.40±0.54	6.93±0.06	102.01±0.90	170.35±1.06	114.26±0.98	18.39±0.16	147.10±1.26	279.74±1.60
东北 NE	1990s	-	-	-	-	88.24±12.66	14.20±2.04	113.60±16.30	216.05±20.74
	2000s	-	-	-	-	79.46±3.94	12.79±0.63	102.29±5.07	194.54±6.45
	2010s	-	-	-	-	135.48±1.85	21.80±0.30	174.42±2.38	331.70±3.02
全国 CH	1990s	90.19±2.19	10.18±0.25	149.84±3.64	250.22±4.25	190.44±12.97	30.65±2.09	245.17±16.69	466.26±21.24
	2000s	87.56±1.03	9.89±0.12	145.46±1.72	242.91±2.01	225.05±5.45	36.22±0.88	289.72±7.02	550.99±8.93
	2010s	100.28±0.72	11.32±0.08	166.59±1.20	278.19±1.40	368.05±2.79	59.23±0.45	473.81±3.60	901.08±4.58

表4

表5

图4

表6

不同区域小麦和玉米秸秆还田的养分当季释放量时序变化"

区域 Region	年代 Years	小麦秸秆还田的养分当季释放量 Nutrient-release amount of wheat stalk incorporation (kg·hm^-2)			养分当季释放量占化肥施用量的比例 Ratio of nutrient-release amount to fertilizer application (%)			玉米秸秆还田的养分当季释放量 Nutrient-release amount of maize stalk incorporation (kg·hm^-2)			养分当季释放量占化肥施用量的比例 Ratio of nutrient-release amount to fertilizer application (%)
区域 Region	年代 Years	N	P	K	N	P	K	N	P	K	N	P	K
长江中下游 MLRYR	1990s	15.84±0.51c	2.21±0.07c	46.75±1.50c	8.17	6.24	103.45	27.49±1.59b	5.98±0.35b	55.29±3.21b	9.67	6.79	61.57
	2000s	18.22±0.39b	2.54±0.05b	53.78±1.15b	9.90	6.53	100.06	30.59±0.97b	6.65±0.21b	61.52±1.96b	12.85	23.35	110.75
	2010s	20.27±0.23a	2.83±0.03a	59.84±0.68a	8.87	8.37	95.92	42.45±0.94a	9.23±0.20a	85.39±1.89a	17.03	28.43	120.05
西南 SW	1990s	12.62±0.50a	1.76±0.07a	37.27±1.48	6.85	3.90	56.59	25.65±1.53b	5.58±0.33b	51.59±3.09b	15.83	19.62	123.55
	2000s	10.85±0.52b	1.52±0.07b	32.02±1.54b	7.75	3.80	49.61	34.41±1.54a	7.48±0.33a	69.20±3.09a	19.37	21.64	129.32
	2010s	12.98±0.64a	1.81±0.09a	38.33±1.89a	10.75	8.30	109.34	35.70±0.96a	7.76±0.21a	71.81±1.93a	15.95	24.31	114.23
西北 NW	1990s	20.78±1.24a	2.90±0.17a	61.34±3.67a	11.46	4.00	90.04	38.03±2.30b	8.27±0.50b	76.48±4.62b	22.38	12.22	249.71
	2000s	21.77±0.88a	3.04±0.12a	64.27±2.61a	10.12	3.82	170.93	67.37±4.86a	14.65±1.06a	135.50±9.77a	29.25	16.61	328.85
	2010s	22.29±0.61a	3.11±0.09a	65.80±1.81a	10.49	5.09	166.97	61.47±1.30a	13.37±0.28a	123.63±2.61a	23.73	22.77	261.84
华北 NC	1990s	18.88±0.65c	2.64±0.09c	55.73±1.92c	9.94	3.96	82.36	39.19±1.61b	8.52±0.35b	78.82±3.24b	27.57	11.46	111.23
	2000s	22.26±0.34b	3.11±0.05b	65.73±1.01b	11.87	5.56	110.27	42.36±0.72b	9.21±0.16b	85.19±1.45b	22.52	22.87	165.09
	2010s	24.22±0.19a	3.38±0.03a	71.50±0.56a	10.59	5.95	119.81	48.85±0.85a	10.62±0.19a	98.26±1.72a	22.21	30.09	185.65
东北 NE	1990s	-	-	-	-	-	-	64.25±5.89a	13.97±1.28a	129.23±11.84a	40.26	35.57	415.43
	2000s	-	-	-	-	-	-	55.39±2.06b	12.04±0.45b	111.40±4.14b	37.13	30.94	237.06
	2010s	-	-	-	-	-	-	57.81±0.83ab	12.57±0.18ab	116.27± 1.67ab	29.48	31.95	169.89
全国 CH	1990s	17.20±0.40c	2.40±0.06c	50.78±1.19c	9.13	4.26	88.02	38.91±1.45c	8.46±0.32c	78.26±2.92c	23.76	16.04	150.29
	2000s	20.01±0.26b	2.80±0.04b	59.06±0.77b	10.82	5.29	103.11	45.52±0.85b	9.90±0.18b	91.56±1.70b	24.37	22.66	181.42
	2010s	22.35±0.15a	3.12±0.02a	65.99±0.45a	10.04	6.43	111.86	50.82±0.50a	11.05±0.11a	102.21±1.01a	22.99	28.67	171.95

表6

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小麦 Wheat			玉米 Maize
区域 Region	监测点个数 Number of monitoring points	省、市、自治区 Provinces, cities and autonomous regions	区域 Region	监测点个数 Number of monitoring points	省、市、自治区 Provinces, cities and autonomous regions
长江中下游 MLRYR	120	安徽、湖北、江苏、上海 Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shanghai	长江中下游 MLRYR	45	安徽、湖北、江苏、湖南 Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu, Hunan
西南 SW	30	贵州、四川、重庆、云南 Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan	西南 SW	56	贵州、四川、重庆、云南 Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan
西北 NW	67	甘肃、宁夏、新疆、青海 Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Qinghai	西北 NW	100	甘肃、宁夏、新疆、内蒙古 Gansu Ningxia, Xinjiang, Inner Mengulia
华北 NC	215	北京、河北、河南、山东、山西、天津 Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Tianjin	华北 NC	260	北京、河北、河南、山东、山西、天津 Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Tianjin
			东北 NE	204	黑龙江、吉林、辽宁 Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning

区域 Region	年代 Years	小麦单产 Wheat yield per unit (kg·hm^-2)	小麦播种面积 Wheat cultivation area (×10⁷ hm²)	小麦施肥量 Fertilizer application rate of wheat (kg·hm^-2)			玉米单产 Maize yield per unit (kg·hm^-2)	玉米播种面积 Maize cultivation area (×10⁷ hm²)	玉米施肥量 Fertilizer application rate of maize (kg·hm^-2)
区域 Region	年代 Years	小麦单产 Wheat yield per unit (kg·hm^-2)	小麦播种面积 Wheat cultivation area (×10⁷ hm²)	N	P	K	玉米单产 Maize yield per unit (kg·hm^-2)	玉米播种面积 Maize cultivation area (×10⁷ hm²)	N	P	K
长江中下游 MLRYR	1990s	5097.2	0.56	193.93	35.47	45.19	5846.5	0.16	284.20	88.08	89.79
	2000s	5863.0	0.51	184.00	38.96	53.74	6506.1	0.18	238.00	28.48	55.55
	2010s	6524.6	0.63	228.44	33.82	62.39	9029.9	0.27	249.27	32.48	71.13
西南 SW	1990s	4063.3	0.38	184.21	45.25	65.86	5455.4	0.38	162.05	28.43	41.76
	2000s	3491.0	0.23	140.02	39.92	64.54	7318.2	0.37	177.66	34.57	53.51
	2010s	4179.1	0.14	120.83	21.87	35.06	7593.9	0.48	223.88	31.94	62.86
西北 NW	1990s	6687.5	0.28	181.31	72.58	68.13	8087.9	0.26	169.89	67.67	30.63
	2000s	7006.8	0.22	215.19	79.69	37.60	14329.0	0.31	230.36	88.23	41.20
	2010s	7174.1	0.21	212.55	61.13	39.41	13073.8	0.60	259.04	58.71	47.21
华北 NC	1990s	6075.8	1.28	189.83	66.61	67.66	8335.4	0.83	142.17	74.36	70.86
	2000s	7165.9	1.18	187.51	55.92	59.61	9009.4	0.97	188.10	40.28	51.60
	2010s	7794.9	1.27	228.77	56.87	59.68	10391.0	1.32	219.92	35.30	52.93
东北 NE	1990s	-	-	-	-	-	13666.0	0.64	159.58	39.28	31.11
	2000s	-	-	-	-	-	11780.5	0.77	149.17	38.93	46.99
	2010s	-		-	-	-	12295.3	1.29	196.08	39.35	68.44
全国 CH	1990s	5536.7	2.50	188.38	56.48	57.70	8276.5	2.27	163.77	52.74	52.08
	2000s	6439.4	2.15	184.83	52.83	57.28	9682.2	2.60	186.77	43.68	50.47
	2010s	7195.0	2.25	222.66	48.56	59.00	10808.8	3.97	220.99	38.55	59.44

区域 Region	小麦 Wheat		玉米 Maize
区域 Region	1990s—2000s的年变化速率 Annual variation rate in 1990s-2000s（×10⁴ t·a^-1）	2000s—2010s的年变化速率 Annual variation rate in 2000s-2010s（×10⁴ t·a^-1）	1990s—2000s的年变化速率 Annual variation rate in 1990s-2000s（×10⁴ t·a^-1）	2000s—2010s的年变化速率 Annual variation rate in 2000s-2010s（×10⁴ t·a^-1）
长江中下游 MLRYR	24.95	94.56	26.78	128.10
西南 SW	-63.22	-34.19	57.41	105.46
西北 NW	-16.29	-1.02	206.72	331.41
华北 NC	12.09	145.75	207.91	434.66
东北 NE	-	-	-101.00	643.97
全国 CH	-42.47	205.10	397.82	1643.60

近30年来我国小麦和玉米秸秆资源时空变化特征及还田减肥潜力

Spatial-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Wheat and Maize Stalk Resources and Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Potential of Returning to Farmland in Recent 30 Years in China

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养分 Nutrient	区域 Region	小麦 Wheat		玉米 Maize
养分 Nutrient	区域 Region	1990s—2000s的年变化速率 Annual variation rate in 1990s-2000s（×10⁴ t·a^-1）	2000s—2010s的年变化速率 Annual variation rate in 2000s-2010s（×10⁴ t·a^-1）	1990s—2000s的年变化速率 Annual variation rate in 1990s-2000s（×10⁴ t·a^-1）	2000s—2010s的年变化速率 Annual variation rate in 2000s-2010s（×10⁴ t·a^-1）
N	长江中下游 MLRYR	0.15	0.59	0.23	1.11
	西南 SW	-0.39	-0.21	0.50	0.92
	西北 NW	-0.10	-0.01	1.80	2.88
	华北 NC	0.07	0.90	1.81	3.78
	东北 NE	-	-	-0.88	5.60
	全国 CH	-0.26	1.27	3.46	14.30
P	长江中下游 MLRYR	0.02	0.07	0.04	0.18
	西南 SW	-0.04	-0.02	0.08	0.15
	西北 NW	-0.01	-0.0007	0.29	0.46
	华北 NC	0.01	0.10	0.29	0.61
	东北 NE	-	-	-0.14	0.90
	全国 CH	-0.03	0.14	0.56	2.30
K	长江中下游 MLRYR	0.26	0.97	0.30	1.43
	西南 SW	-0.65	-0.35	0.64	1.18
	西北 NW	-0.17	-0.01	2.32	3.71
	华北 NC	0.12	1.50	2.33	4.87
	东北 NE	-	-	-1.13	7.21
	全国 CH	-0.44	2.11	4.46	18.41

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