最新录用：授粉期高温胁迫下雄穗大小对玉米干物质积累及产量的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】高温是制约夏玉米高产稳产的重要气象因子之一，通过设置授粉期高温胁迫和雄穗变小处理，探明高温胁迫下雄穗大小对玉米产量形成的影响，为玉米抗逆栽培及耐高温育种提供参考。【方法】以2个玉米品种浚单20（XD20）和农华101（NH101）为试材，于2020—2021年玉米抽雄至散粉结束的10 d内采用人工模拟增温试验，同时设置抽雄期雄穗变小处理（剪除60%雄穗分枝数），探究授粉期高温胁迫下雄穗大小对玉米干物质积累分配和产量形成的影响。【结果】2年结果表明，授粉期高温胁迫对玉米雄穗长度、分枝数、小穗数和雌雄开花动态影响较小，但导致玉米干物质积累能力及向穗部分配比例下降，影响雌穗生长发育，造成穗轴长度和穗轴粗显著降低，穗粒数显著减少，花后物质积累量及向籽粒分配比例下降，进而产量显著降低。高温胁迫后，NH101穗长的下降幅度小于XD20，但行粒数、穗粒数以及花后物质积累向籽粒分配比例的下降幅度高于XD20，导致NH101产量降幅超过XD20，XD20和NH101产量降幅分别为12.32%和25.00%，可见XD20比NH101更耐高温。雄穗变小处理使XD20和NH101的雄穗分枝数和小穗数分别显著降低58.57%、42.91%和57.30%、41.34%，但对雌雄开花动态无显著影响。2个温度条件下，雄穗变小处理均能促进雌穗生长，增加穗粒数，促进花后物质向籽粒积累，进而提高产量，其中，高温条件下的XD20增产幅度最大。在常温条件下，与正常雄穗处理相比，雄穗变小处理下XD20和NH101的产量分别平均增加2.76%和4.37%，而在高温条件下分别增加12.47%和5.75%。【结论】授粉期高温胁迫对雄穗生长发育影响较小，但导致雌穗生长发育受到不可逆损伤，穗粒数减少，制约了花后光合同化物向籽粒分配，产量显著下降。高温条件下，适当减少雄穗分枝数可促进雌穗生长发育，增加穗粒数，促进花后物质向籽粒积累，提高产量，且大雄穗型品种浚单20增产幅度高于小雄穗型品种农华101。

关键词: 玉米, 授粉期高温, 雄穗大小, 干物质积累, 籽粒产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 High temperature stress is one of the most critical meteorological disaster factors that restrict the high and stable yield of maize. This study explored the effect of tassel sizes on yield of different maize varieties under high temperature stress during pollination, so as to provide the theoretical basis and reference for stress-resistant cultivation and high temperature resistance breeding of maize. 【Method】This study was conducted by plot experiment in a greenhouse with two maize varieties as the experimental materials, Xundan 20 (XD20) and Nonghua 101 (NH101), from 2020 to 2021. The effect of tassel sizes on dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield of maize under high temperature stress during pollination was investigated by setting the tassel branch removal treatment at tasseling stage. 【Result】The results of two years showed that high temperature stress during pollination had little effect on tassel length, branch number, spikelet number and flowering dynamics of male and female. However, high temperature stress resulted in the decrease of dry matter accumulation capacity and distribution ratio to ear, which affected the growth and development of ear, resulting in the significant decrease of cob length and diameter, the significant decrease of grain number per ear, the decrease of proportion of matter accumulation to grain after anthesis, and the significant decrease of yield. Under high temperature stress, the decrease of ear length of NH101 was less than that of XD20, but the decrease of grain number per row, grain number per ear and the proportion of matter accumulation to grain after anthesis was higher than that of XD20, resulting in the decrease of yield of NH101 more than that of XD20, and the yield of XD20 and NH101 decreased by 12.32% and 25.00% respectively. XD20 is more resistant to heat than NH101. The tassel branch removal treatment significantly reduced the number of tassel branch and spikelet of XD20 and NH101 by 58.57%, 42.91% and 57.30%, 41.34%, respectively, but had little effect on the flowering dynamics of male and female. Under the two temperature conditions, the tassel branch removal treatment promoted the growth of ear, increased the grain number per ear, increased the proportion of matter accumulation to grain after anthesis, and thus increased the yield. Among them, the yield increase of XD20 under high temperature conditions was the largest. Compared with normal tassel branch treatment, tassel branch removal treatment increased the yield of XD20 and NH101 by 2.76% and 4.37% under normal temperature conditions, while increased by 12.47% and 5.75% under high temperature conditions, respectively. 【Conclusion】High temperature stress during pollination has little effect on the growth and development of tassel, but it caused irreversible damage to the growth and development of ear, reduced the number of grains per ear, limited the distribution of photosynthate to grains after anthesis, and significantly reduced the yield. Under high temperature conditions, properly reducing the number of branches in tassel can promoted the growth and development of ear, increased the number of grains per ear, promoted the accumulation of matter to grains after anthesis, and increased the yield. In addition, the yield increase of the large tassel-type variety XD20 was higher than that of the small tassel-type variety NH101.

Key words: maize, high temperature during pollination, tassel size, dry matter mass, grain yield

穆心愿, 吕姗姗, 卢良涛, 刘天学, 李树岩, 薛昌颖, 王宏伟, 赵霞, 夏来坤, 唐保军. 最新录用：授粉期高温胁迫下雄穗大小对玉米干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 0, (): 1-.

MU XinYuan, Lü ShanShan, LU LiangTao, LIU TianXue, LI ShuYan, XUE ChangYing, WANG HongWei, ZHAO Xia, XIA LaiKun, TANG BaoJun. Effects of tassel sizes on post-flowering dry matter accumulation and yield of different maize varieties under high temperature stress during pollination[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 0, (): 1-.

[1]	马红霞, 孙华, 郭宁, 刘树森, 张海剑, 石洁. 基于PCR和巢式PCR技术的玉米南方锈病早期检测[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(9): 1686-1695.
[2]	尉亚囡, 薄其飞, 唐安, 高嘉瑞, 马田, 尉熊熊, 张方方, 周祥利, 岳善超, 李世清. 长期覆膜和施用有机肥对黄土高原春玉米产量和品质的效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(9): 1708-1717.
[3]	温媛媛, 李妍, 李建国, 王美美, 于长辉, 沈宜钊, 高艳霞, 李秋凤, 曹玉凤. 马铃薯条加工副产品与稻草混贮对奶公牛育肥性能和血液生化指标的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(9): 1800-1812.
[4]	路梦莉, 张雅婷, 任红, 王土金, 韩一鸣, 李文阳, 李从锋. 增密对春玉米籽粒胚乳淀粉粒度分布与黏度参数的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(9): 1646-1657.
[5]	李俊, 单露英, 肖芳, 李允静, 高鸿飞, 翟杉杉, 吴刚, 张秀杰, 武玉花. 转基因玉米MON87427梯度含量基体标准物质的研制[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(8): 1444-1455.
[6]	刘梦洁, 梁飞, 李全胜, 田宇欣, 王国栋, 贾宏涛. 膜下滴灌与细流沟灌对玉米生长及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(8): 1515-1530.
[7]	范鑫, 李宇鑫, 邝吉卫, 杨婷, 刘苗苗, 曹云刚, 黄峻榕. 超声辅助玉米醇溶蛋白基乙烯吸附膜的制备及其香蕉保鲜性能[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(8): 1574-1584.
[8]	王鹏飞, 于爱忠, 王玉珑, 苏向向, 李悦, 吕汉强, 柴健, 杨宏伟. 绿肥还田结合减量施氮对玉米干物质积累分配及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(7): 1283-1294.
[9]	马胜兰, 况福虹, 林洪羽, 崔俊芳, 唐家良, 朱波, 蒲全波. 秸秆还田量对川中丘陵冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系土壤物理特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(7): 1344-1358.
[10]	李懿璞, 童丽秀, 蔺雅楠, 苏治军, 包海柱, 王富贵, 刘剑, 屈佳伟, 胡树平, 孙继颖, 王志刚, 于晓芳, 徐明良, 高聚林. 玉米ZmCCT10耐低氮功能研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(6): 1035-1044.
[11]	渠清, 刘宁, 邹金鹏, 张雅璇, 贾慧, 孙蔓莉, 曹志艳, 董金皋. 拟轮枝镰孢与玉米籽粒互作的差异基因筛选及代谢通路分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(6): 1086-1101.
[12]	崔红杰, 卢春亭, 潘丽琴, 胡会, 钟佩云, 朱洁莹, 张凯照, 黄小红. 姜黄素通过SIRT1/FOXO1通路缓解玉米赤霉烯酮诱导的猪肾上皮细胞氧化损伤[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(5): 1007-1018.
[13]	周文期, 张贺通, 何海军, 龚佃明, 杨彦忠, 刘忠祥, 李永生, 王晓娟, 连晓荣, 周玉乾, 邱法展. 调控玉米株高和穗位高候选基因Zmdle1的定位[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(5): 821-837.
[14]	马南, 安婷婷, 张久明, 汪景宽. 添加玉米秸秆和根茬对不同肥力黑土微生物残体碳氮的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(4): 686-696.
[15]	刘丹, 安雨丽, 陶笑笑, 王孝忠, 吕典秋, 郭彦军, 陈新平, 张务帅. 西北地区制种玉米产量及氮素吸收对供氮水平的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(3): 441-452.

最新录用：授粉期高温胁迫下雄穗大小对玉米干物质积累及产量的影响

Effects of tassel sizes on post-flowering dry matter accumulation and yield of different maize varieties under high temperature stress during pollination

PDF

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0