水稻耐热新种质R203的创制与应用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.03.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】全球气候变暖导致水稻抽穗开花期受到高温热害的影响日益严重。鉴定抽穗期耐高温水稻种质，创制耐热新种质，为培育实用性耐热水稻新品种，降低高温热害对水稻生产的影响，保障中国乃至世界的粮食安全奠定基础。【方法】以广恢128（七桂早/测64//明恢63）为耐热亲本，通过杂交、复交以及系谱法，选育过程中连续多代筛选抽穗开花期处于高温阶段结实率较高且变异较小的株系，在高世代，利用人工气候室进行抽穗开花期耐热鉴定（处理盆栽于开花当天移入人工气候室，高温处理时间段为每日09：00—15：00，设置恒温38℃，15：01—次日08：59设置恒温28℃，相对湿度均为75%，处理7 d），结合农艺性状分析方法创制水稻耐热新种质。【结果】创制的新种质R203具有较好的耐热性，在正常条件下和高温条件下都有较高的结实率（常温结实率为94.5%、高温结实率为81.9%、相对结实率为86.7%），其对三系不育系恢复能力强，综合抗性好，稻米品质优，具有配制实际应用价值的耐热新组合的潜力。在自然高温条件下，以R203为父本、7个三系不育系为母本配制的杂交组合结实率为83.4%—99.4%，耐热性均表现较好。其中，育成的三系杂交中籼新品种泰优203的结实率为87.9%，综合相对耐热系数为1.11，耐热性达到1级，生产试验中，其产量比对照增加5.36%，增产点占85.71%，具有很好的丰产和稳产性，稻米品质达部标二级，具有较好的推广应用价值。【结论】当前耐热基础研究不足以支撑实用型耐热新品种选育，以高温湿热易发地区的种质为材料，通过表型选择创制了耐热新种质R203，并利用杂种优势，培育出实用型耐热水稻新品种泰优203。

关键词: 水稻, 耐热, 种质创新, 资源评价

Abstract:

【Objective】 The global warming has led to the increasingly serious heat damage on the heading and flowering stage of rice. To reduce the impact of heat damage on rice production and to ensure food security in China and even the world, new rice germplasms with thermo-tolerance on heading stage should be identified and new thermo-tolerance varieties need be bred. 【Method】Guanghui 128 (Qiguizao/Ce64//Minghui 63) was used as the heat resistant parent, through hybridization, multiple crossing and pedigree selection, the lines with high seed setting rate and small variation on heading and flowering stage during the high temperature were screened out for several generations’ breeding process. Then the selected higher generation lines were identified to create new thermos-tolerance rice germplasms in artificial climate chamber (The treated plants will be moved into the chamber on the flowering day, high temperature treatment is 9:00-15:00, 38℃, 15:01-8:59 28℃, the relative humidity is 75%, and the treatment lasts for 7 days), with analysis of agronomic trait. 【Result】The new germplasm R203 has stronger thermo-tolerance and higher seed setting rates under both normal and high temperature conditions (94.5% at normal temperature, 81.9% at high temperature, and 86.7% at relative). Its agronomic traits, quality and comprehensive resistance all meet the production standards. Above all, R203 has the potential to breed new thermos-tolerance hybrid rice varieties. The seed setting rates of 7 hybrid combinations with R203 as the male parent and seven three-line male sterile lines as the female parent were between 83.4%-99.4% under natural high temperature conditions. Among them, Taiyou 203, a new three-line medium indica hybrid rice has good qualities, the seed setting rate was 87.9%, the comprehensive relative heat resistance coefficient was 1.11, and the heat resistance reached level 1. In the production test, the yield increased by 5.36% compared with the control, and the yield increase point accounted for 85.71%. It has good high and stable yield, and the rice quality reached the second level of the ministerial standard. Thus Taiyou 203 has good promotion and application value. 【Conclusion】Currently, basic research on heat resistance is not enough to support the breeding of new practical heat resistant varieties, the rice resources in areas prone to high temperature and humidity are preferred as materials for breeding new heat tolerance lines, a new heat-resistant rice variety R203 was created by phenotypic selection, and a practical heat-resistant rice variety Taiyou 203 was developed by using heterosis.

Key words: rice, thermo-tolerance, germplasm enhancement, evaluation of germplasm

刘刚, 夏快飞, 吴艳, 张明永, 张再君, 杨金松, 邱东峰. 水稻耐热新种质R203的创制与应用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(3): 405-415.

LIU Gang, XIA KuaiFei, WU Yan, ZHANG MingYong, ZHANG ZaiJun, YANG JinSong, QIU DongFeng. Breeding and Application of a New Thermo-Tolerance Rice Germplasm R203[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(3): 405-415.

图/表 7

图1

表1

表2

R203的部分功能基因列表"

序号 Order No.	基因 <BOLD>G</BOLD>ene	类型 Type	染色体 Chromosome	代表品种 Representative cultivar	表型 Phenotype
1	Gn1a	产量 Yield	1	9311	每穗粒数增加 Increased grains per spike
2	OsSPL16	产量 Yield	8	HJX74	高产 High yield
3	SKC1	抗非生物逆境 Anti abiotic stress	1	Nona Bokra	耐盐 Salt tolerance
4	NRT1.1B	抗非生物逆境 Anti abiotic stress	10	9311	增强氮吸收 Enhanced nitrogen absorption
5	Rymv1	抗生物逆境 Anti biotic stress	4	日本晴 Nipponbare	抗黄色斑驳病毒病 Resistance to yellow mottle virus disease
6	STV11	抗生物逆境 Anti biotic stress	11	Kasalath	抗水稻条叶枯病毒 Resistance to rice stripe virus
7	Pi5	抗生物逆境 Anti Biotic Stress	9		抗稻瘟病 Resistance to rice blast
8	Pia	抗生物逆境 Anti biotic stress	11		抗稻瘟病 Resistance to rice blast
9	Pid2	抗生物逆境 Anti biotic stress	6		抗稻瘟病 Resistance to rice blast
10	Pid3	抗生物逆境 Anti biotic stress	6		抗稻瘟病 Resistance to rice blast
11	Xa21	抗生物逆境 Anti biotic stress	11		抗白叶枯 Resistance to rice bacterial blight
12	OsAAP6	品质 Quality	1	9311	高蛋白 High protein
13	GW2	品质 Quality	2	Oochikara	大粒 Large grain
14	GS3/TT2	品质 Quality	3	明恢63 Minghui63	长粒、耐热 Long grain, thermos-tolerance
15	OsCYP704A3	品质 Quality	4	IR 24	长粒 Long grain
16	Chalk5	品质 Quality	5	H94	垩白度低，高质量 Low chalkiness, Good quality
17	Waxy	品质 Quality	6	日本晴 Nipponbare	非糯的情况下，增加支连淀粉含量 In case of non waxy, increase the content of amylopectin
18	ALK	品质 Quality	6	明恢 63 Minghui63	增加了中长型支链淀粉的含量，糊化温度升高 Increase the content of medium long amylopectin and gelatinization temperature
29	Os01g62780	生育期 Heading date	1	Haplotype B	延迟抽穗 Delayed heading
20	Hd17	生育期 Heading date	6	Koshihikari	延迟开花 Delayed flowering
21	Hd3a	生育期 Heading date	6	日本晴 Nipponbare	光周期敏感基因（促进抽穗，微效QTL） Photoperiod sensitivity
22	S5	育性 Fertility	6	珍汕97 Zhenshan97	广亲和（籼稻亲和） Wide-compatibility
23	qNGR9	株型 Plant type	9	O. rufipogon	直穗 Erect panicle
24	TAC1	株型 Plant type	9	IR24	分蘖角度增大 Increased tillering angle
25	sh4	其他 Other type	4	日本晴 Nipponbare	非落粒 Non seed shattering

表2

图2

表3

表4

表5

参考文献 32

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序号 No.	组合名称 Name of combination	有效穗数 Effective panicle number (万/hm²)	每穗颖花数 <BOLD>S</BOLD>pikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	千粒重 Thousand grain weight (g)	单株重 Yield per plant (g)	理论产量 Theoretical yield (t·hm^-2)
1	641A×R203	264	290.59	82.47	20.80	44.30	13.16**
2	泰优203 Taiyou203	264	175.76	89.03	23.80	33.20	9.83**
3	1803A×R203	252	170.63	89.44	25.50	32.70	9.81**
4	2280A×R203	255	206.49	89.04	20.80	33.10	9.75**
5	扬籼9A×R203 Yangxian9 A×R203	249	181.45	84.38	25.30	32.90	9.64**
6	663A×R203	279	190.99	77.44	23.00	32.10	9.49**
7	泰香A×R203 Taixiang A×R203	276	200.35	83.11	20.30	31.70	9.33*
8	1070A×R203	276	157.70	90.24	23.60	31.40	9.27*
9	丰两优四号 Fengliangyousihao	270	144.17	83.58	27.60	26.60	8.98
10	平A×R203 Ping A×R203	294	146.33	81.59	25.30	30.10	8.88
11	282A×R203	255	190.32	81.10	21.20	28.10	8.34**
12	畅A×R203 Chang A×R203	216	181.46	84.40	24.90	28.00	8.24**
13	2361A×R203	315	149.98	86.12	19.80	26.90	8.06**
14	229A×R203	246	190.94	85.28	19.80	32.50	7.93**
15	1511A×R203	276	141.79	83.15	24.10	26.90	7.84**
16	广福A×R203 Guangfu A×R203	225	187.56	78.66	23.60	26.80	7.83**
17	667A×R203	231	190.32	76.77	23.00	26.40	7.76**
18	沪旱7A×R203 Huhan7 A×R203	276	138.73	84.95	23.60	25.90	7.68**

序号 No.	田间编号 Field No.	组合名称 Name of combination	始穗期（月/日） Initial heading stage (M/D)	齐穗期（月/日） Full heading stage (M/D)	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)
1	220038	1070A×R203	7/26	8/2	88.32
2	220148	1070A×R18	7/26	7/31	65.11
3	220146	泰优203 Taiyou203	8/4	8/9	87.89
4	220126	泰丰A×元恢236（CK） Taifeng A×Yuanhui236（CK）	7/30	8/5	50.00
5	220128	EK2S×R203	7/29	8/3	89.39
6	220135	EK2S×Z-3	7/31	8/4	64.55
7	220129	N25S×R203	8/5	8/10	93.58
8	220132	N25S×Z-3	8/2	8/6	73.85
9	220130	泰香A×R203 Taixiang A×R203	8/3	8/8	83.43
10	220131	野香A×R203 Yexiang A×R203	8/1	8/6	91.64
11	220127	垦2001S×R203 Ken2001S×R203	8/4	8/9	90.20

田间区号 Field No.	品种编号 Variety No.	品种名称 Name of variety	大田条件 Field condition				盆栽条件 Potting condition				综合相对耐热系数 Comprehensive relative heat resistance coefficient	耐热级别 Heat resistance rating	年份 Year
田间区号 Field No.	品种编号 Variety No.	品种名称 Name of variety	常温结实率 Seed setting rate at normal condition (%)	高温结实率 Seed setting rate at high temperature condition (%)	相对结实率 Relative seed setting rate (%)	相对耐热系数 Relative heat resistance coefficient	常温结实率 Seed setting rate at normal condition (%)	高温结实率 Seed setting rate at high temperature condition (%)	相对结实率 Relative seed setting rate (%)	相对耐热系数 Relative heat resistance coefficient		耐热级别 Heat resistance rating	年份 Year
BZE211555	1	利两优3822 Liliangyou3822	86.72	76.35	88.04	1.03	84.95	55.53	65.37	1.02	1.02	3	2021
BZE211556	2	95优1号 95you1hao	88.68	68.35	77.07	0.92	83.47	50.97	61.06	0.94	0.93	3
BZE211557	3	果两优桂花丝苗 Guoliangyouguihuasimiao	85.84	71.7	83.53	0.96	84.36	55.47	65.75	1.02	0.99	3
BZE211558	4	竹两优珍25 Zhuliangyouzhen25	87.58	69.22	79.04	0.93	81.17	49.65	61.17	0.91	0.92	3
BZE211559	5	丰两优四号（CK） Fengliangyousihao (CK)	87.8	74.36	84.69	1.00	83.55	54.47	65.19	1.00	1.00	3
BZE191281	6	两优新月丝苗 Liangyouxinyuesimiao	81.32	65.45	80.48	0.92	80.63	45.25	56.12	0.93	0.93	3	2019
BZE191286	7	桂香优086 Guixiangyou086	86.85	65.78	75.74	0.93	82.27	47.39	57.60	0.97	0.95	3
BZE191288	8	泰优203 Taiyou203	86.47	76.74**	88.75	1.08**	82.64	55.31**	66.93	1.14**	1.11**	1
BZE191255	9	丰两优四号（CK） Fengliangyousihao (CK)	88.65	70.83	79.90	1.00	8365	48.64	58.15	1.00	1.00	3

年份 Year	品种名称 Name of variety	产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)	比CK增产 Compared with CK (%)	增产点率 Point ratio compared with CK (%)	全生育期 Entire growth period (d)	有效穗数 Effective panicle number (万/hm²)	每穗颖花数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	稻米品质部标级 Rice quality	稻瘟病综合抗性 Comprehensive resistance index of rice blast	耐热性 Thermo- tolerance
2019	泰优203 Taiyou 203	9.99	6.70	100.00	131.8	256.50	187.1	88.10	-	4.4	1
2019	丰两优四号（CK） Fengliangyousihao (CK)	9.36			135.1	228.00	192.8	85.40	-	7.4	3
2020	泰优203 Taiyou 203	9.30	3.35	94.12	130.9	249.00	198.9	88.20	2	3.7
2020	丰两优四号（CK） Fengliangyousihao (CK)	8.99			134.4	213.00	207.0	87.40	-	6.6
汇总	泰优203 Taiyou 203	9.65	5.12	97.06	131.4	252.75	193.0	88.15	2	4.4	1
汇总	丰两优四号（CK） Fengliangyousihao (CK)	9.18			134.8	220.5	199.9	86.40	-	7.4	3