以六倍体（AnAnCnCnCoCo）为桥梁创制抗旱新型甘蓝型油菜（AnArCnCo）

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.16.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】作为甘蓝型油菜的祖先种之一,白菜型油菜具有遗传多样性丰富、耐干旱、耐土壤瘠薄等优良特性。分析白菜型油菜的抗旱性,并以六倍体为桥梁,创造导入白菜型油菜优良抗旱性的新型甘蓝型油菜。【方法】以甘蓝型油菜和甘蓝为亲本,经杂交、胚挽救、染色体加倍,获得六倍体材料（AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o）。以六倍体（AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o）与白菜型油菜（A^rA^r）为亲本,杂交获得新型甘蓝型油菜（AⁿA^rCⁿC^o）;以PEG-6000溶液于萌发期模拟干旱处理新型甘蓝型油菜、白菜型油菜,测算种子萌发抗旱指数、相对萌发率、相对萌发势、相对根长和相对胚轴长,评价其抗旱性,并运用隶属函数法对抗旱性鉴定指标进行分析,筛选具有优良抗旱性的新型甘蓝型油菜。【结果】以11份六倍体材料和68份白菜型油菜为亲本,创建了124份新型甘蓝型油菜。新型甘蓝型油菜苗期表型介于六倍体和白菜型油菜之间。所选六倍体材料的染色体数目为56条,花粉育性约90%,合成的新型甘蓝型油菜的染色体数目为38条,花粉育性约80%。选取59份长势优良的新型甘蓝型油菜、7份六倍体材料、10份白菜型油菜以及20份自然甘蓝型油菜,进行主成分分析,四类材料分成三类,即六倍体材料、自然甘蓝型油菜和新型甘蓝型油菜、白菜型油菜,但自然甘蓝型油菜和新型甘蓝型油菜明显分开。以PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱,测定抗旱性指标,确定了用于白菜型油菜和新型甘蓝型油菜模拟干旱处理的PEG-6000溶液浓度,分别为200和250 g·L^-1。从59份新型甘蓝型油菜中选取9份进行抗旱性鉴定,发现其中有3份新型甘蓝型油菜的抗旱性优于对照甘蓝型油菜中双11号,而且这三份新型甘蓝型油菜的抗旱性与各自的父本白菜型油菜的抗旱性呈正相关性。【结论】以具备优良抗旱性的白菜型油菜为亲本,以六倍体材料为桥梁,可创制具备优良抗旱性的新型甘蓝型油菜。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 白菜型油菜, 抗旱性, PEG-6000, 主成分分析

Abstract:

【Objective】As one parent of Brassica napus, B. rapa has a wide range of variation, as well as excellent performance against drought or poor soil. Employing hexaploid as a bridge, the drought resistance of B. rapa is transferred to develop a new-type B. napus with excellent drought tolerance.【Method】The hexaploid (AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o) was created via interspecific cross between B. napus (AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿ) and B. oleracea (C^oC^o) via embryo rescue and chrosome doubling. Next, a new-type B. napus（AⁿA^rCⁿC^o）was developed by crossing the hexaploid with B. rapa (A^rA^r). Under the treatment with PEG-6000 solution to imitate drought stress at germination stage, the indices related to drought resistance were measured in the experimental materials, including natural B. napus, new-type B. napus and B.rapa. All the datum were analyzed with subordinate function method.【Result】 Using 11 hexaploid materials and 68 B. rapa materials as parents, 124 new-type B. napus lines were created, which showed intermediate morphology between hexaploid and B. rapa. The hexaploid used in the experiment all had 56 chrosomes and the new-type B. napus had 38 chromsomes. The pollen fertility in the hexaploid and the new-type B. napus was approximately 90% and 80%, respectively. Based on the results of principal components analysis and SSR analysis, 7 hexaploid, 59 new-type B. napus, 10 B. rapa and 20 natural B. napus were clustered into three groups, namely B.rapa, hexaploid and B. napus. The new-type B. napus and natural B. napus were in the same group, but they clearly separated each other. Based on the drought resistance-related indices, 200 g·L^-1 and 250 g·L^-1 PEG-6000 solution were used to imitate drought stress to B. rapa and new-type B. napus, respectively. Nine new-type B. napus were tested, but only three were more resistant than the control, Zhongshuang 11. Additionally, the resistance were positively associated to the corresponding parent B. rapa, which indicated that the three new-type B. napus have been transfered excellent drought resistance from B. rapa.【Conclusion】 Using B. rapa as a drought resistance donor and the hexaploid as a bridge, new-type B. napus lines with excellent drought tolerance were developed.

Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, drought tolerance, PEG-6000, principal components analysis

万华方,魏帅,冯宇霞,钱伟. 以六倍体（AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o）为桥梁创制抗旱新型甘蓝型油菜（AⁿA^rCⁿC^o）[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(16): 3225-3234.

WAN HuaFang,WEI Shuai,FENG YuXia,QIAN Wei. Creating a New-Type Brassica napus (AⁿA^rCⁿC^o) with High Drought-resistance Employing Hexaploid (AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o) as a Bridge[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(16): 3225-3234.

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编号 Code	类型 Type	萌发抗旱指数 DRI	相对萌发率 RGR	相对萌发势 RSP	相对根长 RRL	相对胚轴长 RSL
9X006	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	0.262	0.067	0.069	0.209	0.106
9X002	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	0.543	0.067	0.000	0.690	0.133
9X025	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	0.798	0.300	0.296	0.718	0.135
9X016	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	0.392	0.600	0.615	0.319	0.173
9X018	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	0.824	0.900	0.827	0.692	0.249
9X111	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	0.483	0.633	0.393	0.748	0.162
9X028	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	0.591	0.933	0.933	0.156	0.109
9X015	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	0.637	0.600	0.533	0.228	0.151
9X026	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	0.380	0.700	0.633	0.122	0.109
中双11 ZS11	甘蓝型油菜B. napus	0.800	0.867	0.700	0.185	0.117
8M664	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.800	0.830	0.860	0.690	0.210
8M681	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.670	0. 830	0.800	0.920	0.410
8M625	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.530	0.570	0.530	0.310	0.260
8M623	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.520	0.900	0.830	0.610	0.500
8M684	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.290	0.470	0.410	0.560	0.130
8M624	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.370	0.700	0.500	0.510	0.210
8M693	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.450	0.730	0.730	0.690	0.300
8M191	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.300	0.600	0.480	0.500	0.810
8M655	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.420	0.730	0.660	0.690	0.250

主成分 Principal component	类别 Category	特征值 Eigen value	贡献率Contribution ratio (%)	累计贡献率Accumulated contribution ratio (%)	抗旱指标特征向量Eigen vector of measured indicators
主成分 Principal component	类别 Category	特征值 Eigen value	贡献率Contribution ratio (%)	累计贡献率Accumulated contribution ratio (%)	萌发抗旱指数DRI	相对萌发率RGR	相对萌发势RSP	相对根长RRL	相对胚轴长RSL
PC1	新型甘蓝型油菜 New-type B. napus	2.431	48.620	48.620	0.416	0.597	0.589	-0.024	0.350
PC2	新型甘蓝型油菜 New-type B. napus	1.774	35.470	84.090	0.332	-0.224	-0.274	0.720	0.497
PC3	新型甘蓝型油菜 New-type B. napus	0.597	11.930	96.020	-0.784	0.083	0.110	0.011	0.605
PC1	白菜型油菜 B. rapa	3.580	71.610	71.600	0.459	0.512	0.520	0.468	0.194
PC2	白菜型油菜 B. rapa	0.950	19.010	90.600	-0.313	0.08	-0.073	-0.038	0.946
PC3	白菜型油菜 B. rapa	0.320	6.430	97.000	0.599	-0.001	0.103	-0.775	0.175

编号 Code	类型 Type	萌发抗旱指数 DRI	相对萌发率 RGR	相对萌发势RSP	相对根长 RRL	相对胚轴长 RSL	均值 Means
9X006	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	1.00	0.00	0.01	0.73	0.20	0.388
9X002	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	0.78	0.09	0.00	1.00	0.19	0.412
9X025	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	1.00	0.25	0.24	0.88	0.00	0.474
9X026	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	0.46	1.00	0.89	0.02	0.00	0.474
9X028	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	0.58	1.00	1.00	0.05	0.00	0.526
9X111	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	0.55	0.80	0.39	1.00	0.00	0.548
中双11 ZS11	甘蓝型油菜B. napus	0.91	1.00	0.78	0.09	0.00	0.556
9X016	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	0.50	0.96	1.00	0.33	0.00	0.558
9X015	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	1.00	0.92	0.78	0.15	0.00	0.570
9X018	新型甘蓝型油菜New-type B. napus	0.88	1.00	0.89	0.68	0.00	0.690
8M623	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.07	1.00	0.83	0.28	0.00	0.436
8M191	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.00	0.61	0.35	0.40	1.00	0.472
8M624	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.31	1.00	0.59	0.62	0.00	0.504
8M684	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.37	0.78	0.66	1.00	0.00	0.562
8M625	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.88	1.00	0.89	0.17	0.00	0.588
8M681	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.51	0.83	0.76	1.00	0.00	0.620
8M655	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.35	1.00	0.84	0.91	0.00	0.620
8M693	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.36	1.00	1.00	0.90	0.00	0.652
8M664	白菜型油菜B. rapa	0.90	0.96	1.00	0.73	0.00	0.721

编号Code	9X006	9X002	9X025	9X026	9X028	9X111	中双11 ZS 11	9X016	9X015	9X018
8M623	-0.686	-0.583	-0.336	0.874*	0.833*	0.354	0.610	0.909*	0.522	0.666
8M191	-0.631	-0.497	-0.821*	-0.274	-0.362	-0.475	-0.563	-0.398	-0.665	-0.734
8M624	-0.309	-0.129	0.081	0.692	0.651	0.764	0.560	0.791	0.503	0.789
8M684	0.023	0.289	0.398	0.311	0.300	0.912*	0.216	0.539	0.201	0.695
8M625	-0.151	-0.317	0.122	0.923**	0.948**	0.265	0.992**	0.891*	0.986**	0.872*
8M681	0.064	0.28	0.455	0.400	0.402	0.906*	0.341	0.622	0.347*	0.793
8M655	-0.232	-0.005	0.177	0.569	0.547	0.805	0.409	0.748	0.372	0.775
8M693	-0.291	-0.089	0.122	0.624	0.611	0.721	0.440	0.805	0.404	0.784
8M664	0.067	0.052	0.441	0.742	0.778	0.651	0.800	0.864*	0.818*	0.991**

以六倍体（AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o）为桥梁创制抗旱新型甘蓝型油菜（AⁿA^rCⁿC^o）

Creating a New-Type Brassica napus (AⁿA^rCⁿC^o) with High Drought-resistance Employing Hexaploid (AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿC^oC^o) as a Bridge

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