岩溶湿地和稻田的土壤酶活性与CO2和CH4排放特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.14.013

中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (14): 2897-2906.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.14.013

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

岩溶湿地和稻田的土壤酶活性与CO₂和CH₄排放特征

袁武¹(),靳振江^1,^2,³(),程跃扬¹,贾远航¹,梁锦桃¹,邱江梅¹,潘复静^1,^2,³,刘德深^1,^2,³

¹桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,广西桂林 541004
²桂林理工大学岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心,广西桂林 541004
³桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室,广西桂林 541004

收稿日期:2019-09-05 接受日期:2020-02-16 出版日期:2020-07-16 发布日期:2020-08-10
联系方式: 袁武,E-mail：wuyuan194@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41867008);国家自然科学基金项目(41361054);广西自然科学基金项目(2018GXNSFAA281247);桂林理工大学博士启动基金项目(GUTQDJJ2004041);广西科技计划项目(桂科AD18126018)

Characteristics of Soil Enzyme Activities and CO₂ and CH₄ Emissions from Natural Wetland and Paddy Field in Karst Areas

YUAN Wu¹(),JIN ZhenJiang^1,^2,³(),CHENG YueYang¹,JIA YuanHang¹,LIANG JinTao¹,QIU JiangMei¹,PAN FuJing^1,^2,³,LIU DeShen^1,^2,³

¹ College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi
² Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi
³ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi

Received:2019-09-05 Accepted:2020-02-16 Published:2020-07-16 Online:2020-08-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究土地利用变化对湿地土壤酶活性和温室气体排放之间关系的影响。【方法】以会仙岩溶湿地为研究样点,以湖泊湿地和其相邻的稻田为研究对象,采用比色法和静态暗箱法分别测定水稻整个生育期内主要土壤酶的活性及CO₂和CH₄的排放,并对二者之间的关系进行分析。【结果】稻田土壤的β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维素酶、蔗糖酶、几丁质酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均高于湖泊湿地,高出幅度为11.8%—32.7%。稻田CO₂和CH₄排放通量分别为255.9—789.7和-0.41—1.74 mg·m^-2·h^-1,平均值分别为445.8和0.42 mg·m^-2·h^-1,低于天然湖泊湿地。与湖泊湿地相比,稻田CO₂和CH₄排放总量分别降低了22.3%和83.3%,而增温潜势（GHGs,含N₂O）降低了29.6%。相关性结果显示,CO₂排放通量与β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维素酶、蔗糖酶和几丁质酶活性呈显著负相关关系,CH₄排放通量与6种土壤酶活性显著负相关（P<0.05）。【结论】在会仙岩溶湿地系统中,天然的湖泊湿地转变为稻田可显著提高土壤酶活性,同时降低CO₂和CH₄的排放量,有利于微生物碳利用率的提高和土壤碳的封存。

关键词: 岩溶湿地, 稻田, 土壤酶活性, 温室气体

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to explore the impacts of land-use change on the relationship between soil enzyme activities and greenhouse gas emissions of wetlands. 【Method】 Huixian karst wetland and the top soil (0-20 cm) from a lake wetland and its adjacent paddy fields were used as a research site and research objects, respectively. The soil enzyme activities and CO₂ and CH₄ emissions were detected with colorimetric method and static-chamber method, respectively.【Result】The results showed that the activities of β-glucosidase, cellulase, invertase, chitinase, urease and alkaline phosphatase in the paddy soil were all higher than those in the lake wetland, with a range of 11.8%-32.7%. The fluxes of CO₂and CH₄from the paddy field were 255.9-789.7 mg·m^-2·h^-1and -0.41-1.74 mg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The average values of CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes from the paddy field were 445.8 and 0.42 mg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively, which were lower than those in the lake wetland. Compared with the lake wetland, the amount of CO₂ and CH₄ emissions from the paddy field were decreased by 22.3% and 83.3%, respectively, while the GHGs (including N₂O) was decreased by 29.6%. Correlation analysis showed that the CO₂flux was significantly negatively correlated with the activities of β-glucosidase, cellulase, invertase and chitinase, while the CH₄flux was significantly negatively correlated with 6 soil enzyme activities (P<0.05).【Conclusion】The above results indicated that the conversion of a natural lake wetland into a paddy field had significantly increased soil enzyme activities and decreased the emissions of CO₂ and CH₄ at the same time, which was conductive to the improvement of microbial carbon-use-efficiency and the sequestration of soil carbon in Huixian karst wetland.

Key words: karst wetland, paddy field, enzyme activity, greenhouse gas emission

袁武,靳振江,程跃扬,贾远航,梁锦桃,邱江梅,潘复静,刘德深. 岩溶湿地和稻田的土壤酶活性与CO₂和CH₄排放特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(14): 2897-2906.

YUAN Wu,JIN ZhenJiang,CHENG YueYang,JIA YuanHang,LIANG JinTao,QIU JiangMei,PAN FuJing,LIU DeShen. Characteristics of Soil Enzyme Activities and CO₂ and CH₄ Emissions from Natural Wetland and Paddy Field in Karst Areas[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(14): 2897-2906.

图/表 6

表1

表2

水稻生育期稻田和湖泊湿地的酶活性"

日期	湿地类型	β-葡萄糖苷酶	纤维素酶	蔗糖酶	几丁质酶	脲酶	碱性磷酸酶
Date	Wetland type	β-glucosidase (μg·g^-1·h^-1)	Cellulase (mg·10g^-1·72h^-1)	Invertase (mg·g^-1·24h^-1)	Chitinase (μg·g^-1·18h^-1)	Urease (mg·g^-1·24h^-1)	Alkaline phosphatase (mg·g^-1·2h^-1)
5.8	稻田 Paddy field	110.2±1.77a	5.85±0.08a	68.63±4.38a	3.86±0.19a	1.54±0.07a	1.12±0.05a
5.8	湖泊湿地Lake wetland	88.67±6.80b	2.39±0.35b	32.92±5.52b	2.61±0.05b	1.12±0.33b	0.47±0.08b
5.26	稻田Paddy field	87.90±6.32a	4.04±0.57a	167.0±11.15a	4.08±0.13a	1.01±0.08a	0.74±0.04a
5.26	湖泊湿地Lake wetland	68.64±8.57b	2.69±0.19b	49.43±16.26b	2.18±0.05b	1.13±0.12a	0.39±0.07b
6.3	稻田Paddy field	104.8±19.81a	5.26±0.61a	79.25±4.48a	4.10±0.38a	1.32±0.09a	0.94±0.04a
6.3	湖泊湿地Lake wetland	28.56±15.34b	2.87±0.38b	25.67±3.94b	1.96±0.09b	0.42±0.08b	0.26±0.10b
6.18	稻田Paddy field	117.7±12.67a	4.60±0.15a	106.0±17.71a	3.23±0.28a	1.56±0.18a	1.04±0.12a
6.18	湖泊湿地Lake wetland	70.20±18.73b	2.92±0.19b	93.19±24.76a	2.65±0.57a	0.79±0.22b	0.95±0.07a
7.4	稻田Paddy field	71.14±0.49a	4.18±0.34a	47.38±2.37a	2.23±0.11a	1.22±0.05a	0.74±0.08a
7.4	湖泊湿地Lake wetland	44.91±0.41b	2.54±0.95b	46.56±3.99a	2.21±0.04a	0.97±0.17b	0.69±0.13a
7.16	稻田Paddy field	125.9±33.66a	4.97±0.59a	95.92±6.29a	4.16±0.10a	1.76±0.26a	1.13±0.08a
7.16	湖泊湿地Lake wetland	71.07±18.67b	3.63±0.54b	41.34±3.52b	2.31±0.63b	1.00±0.33b	1.18±0.24a
7.29	稻田Paddy field	113.4±12.22a	6.63±0.30a	57.30±13.02a	3.69±0.49a	2.28±0.20a	1.10±0.17a
7.29	湖泊湿地Lake wetland	73.21±6.72b	3.64±0.51b	32.98±7.59b	2.46±0.31b	1.65±0.51a	1.36±0.20a
8.5	稻田Paddy field	115.3±9.73a	8.19±0.67a	120.4±27.58a	3.65±0.27a	2.52±0.20a	1.61±0.11a
8.5	湖泊湿地Lake wetland	88.86±13.44b	3.69±0.43b	54.63±12.73b	2.82±0.13b	1.59±0.46b	1.33±0.53a

表2

表3

图1

表4

表5

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因子	湿地类型Wetland type
Factor	稻田	湖泊湿地
Factor	Paddy field	Lake wetland
pH (H₂O)	7.36±0.02b	7.63±0.08a
阳离子交换量CEC (cmol·kg^-1)	22.13±0.25a	20.05±3.21a
交换性钙 Exchangeable Ca²⁺(cmol·kg^-1)	14.39±2.03a	14.49±0.59a
交换性镁Exchangeable Mg²⁺(cmol·kg^-1)	1.03±0.11a	0.55±0.04b
土壤有机碳SOC (g·kg^-1)	26.62±0.32a	14.49±8.37b
可溶性有机碳DOC (mg·kg^-1)	202.30±10.34a	116.60±47.78b
全氮TN (g·kg^-1)	2.46±0.01a	1.42±0.71b
碱解氮AN (mg·kg^-1)	89.54±2.59a	45.24±3.36b
全磷TP (g·kg^-1)	0.87±0.04a	0.33±0.12b
有效磷AP (mg·kg^-1)	30.50±2.30a	3.28±0.18b

湿地类型 Wetland type	β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-glucosidase	纤维素酶 Cellulase	蔗糖酶 Invertase	几丁质酶 Chitinase	脲酶 Urease	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase
稻田Paddy field	0.61	0.64	0.66	0.60	0.60	0.56
湖泊湿地Lake wetland	0.39	0.36	0.34	0.40	0.40	0.44

湿地类型 Wetland type	CO₂排放总量 Emissions of CO₂(kg·hm^-2)	CH₄排放总量 Emissions of CH₄ (kg·hm^-2)	N₂O排放总量 Emissions of N₂O (kg·hm^-2)	GHGs
稻田Paddy field	9108.4	8.38	0.38	9443.7
湖泊湿地Lake wetland	11722.1	50.04	1.07	13406.8

	β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-glucosidase	纤维素酶 Cellulase	蔗糖酶 Invertase	几丁质酶 Chitinase	脲酶 Urease	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase	CO₂排放通量 CO₂ flux
纤维素酶 Cellulase	0.633**
蔗糖酶Invertase	0.433**	0.433**
几丁质酶Chitinase	0.633**	0.500**	0.533**
脲酶Urease	0.667**	0.567**	0.300	0.367*
碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase	0.433**	0.400*	0.233	0.367*	0.533**
CO₂排放通量CO₂flux	-0.367*	-0.433**	-0.333*	-0.500**	-0.167	-0.200
CH₄排放通量CH₄ flux	-0.683**	-0.417*	-0.483**	-0.483**	-0.550**	-0.350*	0.317*

岩溶湿地和稻田的土壤酶活性与CO₂和CH₄排放特征

Characteristics of Soil Enzyme Activities and CO₂ and CH₄ Emissions from Natural Wetland and Paddy Field in Karst Areas

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