低钾胁迫对甘薯块根淀粉理化特性的影响及其基因型差异

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】甘薯[Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam]属块根类淀粉作物，同时也是较典型“喜钾”作物，而甘薯种植区土壤缺钾十分普遍。同时，甘薯块根淀粉用途与其理化特性密切相关，因此，必须加强研究钾缺乏对甘薯块根淀粉理化特性的影响。【方法】选用3个不同钾效率型甘薯徐薯32（耐低钾与钾高效型）、徐薯18（中间型）与宁紫薯1号（不耐低钾与钾低效型）为材料，利用1980年设置的长期肥料定位试验田低钾（LK，氮磷处理）与正常钾水平（CK，氮磷钾处理）两处理，分析甘薯块根淀粉粒径大小与分布、热焓特性、糊化特性、吸湿性及膨胀力等特征指标差异。【结果】与正常钾相比，低钾胁迫改变甘薯块根中直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总磷、总脂肪和氮等主要组分，不同钾效率型甘薯间变化存在差异。甘薯淀粉粒径存在≤2.50 μm、2.50—5.00 μm和5.00—30.00 μm等明显的3峰分布，低钾胁迫下淀粉粒径及其分布均发生变化，淀粉平均粒径降低，其中在体积分布中，徐薯32平均粒径减幅最小，宁紫薯1号降幅达显著水平（P＜0.05），表面积与数目分布中差异不显著，而不同粒径的百分比、平均粒径与峰值（数目分布中无峰值）均有不同的变化，且这些变化在不同品种间也存在差异。淀粉糊化过程中的起始温度（T₀）、峰值温度（T_p）和热焓值（ΔH）普遍低于正常钾供应处理的相应指标，尤其宁紫薯1号在3个热特征值上的差异均达显著水平，其差异幅度大于徐薯32，3个甘薯品种最高粘度值、崩解值均明显下降，徐薯18与宁紫薯1号的最低粘度值、最终粘度值受低钾影响显著上升，而徐薯32的表现则相反。块根淀粉吸湿性均不同程度降低，徐薯18与宁紫薯1号降低达显著水平（P＜0.05），徐薯32淀粉吸湿性变化较小，但其吸湿性值最高。淀粉膨胀力不同程度上升，宁紫薯1号增幅达显著水平（P＜0.05），徐薯32淀粉颗粒膨胀力较高，受低钾胁迫影响效应小。相关分析表明，甘薯淀粉主要理化指标间密切相关，低钾胁迫改变甘薯块根淀粉组分及颗粒粒径大小，是导致不同程度影响甘薯块根淀粉的糊化特性、热特性等理化特性的主要因素。【结论】钾是影响甘薯块根淀粉理化特性的重要元素,低钾胁迫对甘薯块根淀粉组分及其品质理化特性产生较明显影响，不同钾效率型甘薯块根淀粉特性对低钾胁迫响应不同。

关键词: 甘薯, 低钾胁迫, 块根, 淀粉, 理化特性

Abstract: 【Objective】Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) is a typical K-preferred starchy root crop. Potassium (K) deficiency (namely low potassium), an important abiotic stress in plants，has become a major limiting element for obtaining crop high yield and good quality. However, in China, K deficiency in soils exists commonly in sweetpotato-growing areas. Sweetpotato starch utilization is closely related with its physico-chemical properties. The influence of low potassium on starch physic-chemical properties was investigated in an experiment conducted by using three sweetpotato cultivars with different potassium utilization efficiencies (KUE) in response to low potassium(K) field condition, aiming at providing reference for improving sweetpotato root properties and potassium utilization efficiency. 【Method】Three sweetpotato cultivars with different potassium utilization efficiencies (KUE) were chosen and cultivated under different potassium field condition, including two treatments (low potassium treatment, LK, and normal potassium treatment, CK).【Result】The results showed that under low K condition, the main components (amylose, amylopectin, nitrogen, total phosphorus and total lipid) in sweetpotato storage root starch changed to a certain extent. There were some differences among the three cultivars in the main components. Three distribution peaks in ≤2.50 μm, 2.50-5.00 μm and 5.00-30.00 μm were observed in starch granule size obviously. The slight decrease was observed in the whole average granule size under low K, which of Xushu32 had the least decrease in volume distribution. However, there was a significant difference in decrease of average granule size of Ningzishu1. The percentage, average granule size and peak value of different granule sizes in three distributions had some differences among three cultivars. Starch T₀ (gelatinization temperature), Tp (peak temperature) and ΔH (heat enthalpy) were basicially lower than that in CK treatment, and Ningzishu1 had significant differences in the three characteristic values. Peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity in three genotypes had an obvious decrease. Hot paste viscosity, cool paste viscosity in Xushu18 and Ningzishu1 significantly increased, but Xushu32 was on the contrary. Moisture absorption degree of starches in three genotypes was reduced differently. There was a significant difference in the decline of moisture absorption in Xushu18 and Ningzishu1. In addition, swelling power of starch increased differently in three storage root starchs. There was a significant difference in a rise of swelling power of starch in Ningzishu1. Xushu32 had high starch swelling power, but low K had a little effect on it. Correlation analysis showed that the main physico-chemical indicators of sweetpotato starch are closely related. The low K changes starch compositions and particle sizes in sweetpotato root, which led to different degrees of influence on starch gelatinization properties and thermal properties.【Conclusion】The results of the study findings indicated that potassium is a key plant element influencing sweetpotato starch physico-chemical properties. Some obvious effects on physico-chemical properties and main components exist in storage root starch under low K stress. The responses of sweetpotato genotypes differing in potassium utilization efficiency to low K stress are different.

Key words: sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam), low potassium stress, storage root, starch; physico-chemical properties

唐忠厚，张爱君，陈晓光，靳容，刘明，李洪民，丁艳锋. 低钾胁迫对甘薯块根淀粉理化特性的影响及其基因型差异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(3): 513-525.

TANG ZhongHou, ZHANG AiJun, CHEN XiaoGuang, JIN Rong, LIU Ming, LI HongMin, DING YanFeng. Starch Physico-Chemical Properties and Their Difference in Three Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam) Genotypes Under Low Potassium Stress[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(3): 513-525.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.03.010

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2017/V50/I3/513

参考文献

[1] 唐忠厚, 张允刚, 魏猛, 陈晓光, 史新敏, 张爱君, 李洪民, 丁艳锋. 耐低钾与钾高效型甘薯品种(系)的筛选及评价指标. 作物学报, 2014, 40(3): 542-549.

TANG Z H, ZHANG Y G, WEI M, CHEN X G, SHI X M, ZHANG A J, LI H M, DING Y F. Screening and evaluation indicators for low potassium-tolerant and potassium efficient sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) varieties (lines). Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(3): 542-549. (in Chinese)

[2] 陆国权. 甘薯品质性状的基因型与环境效应研究. 气象出版社, 2003.

LU G Q. Genotypic and Environmental Effects on Sweetpotato Quality Traits. Beijing: Meteorological Press, 2003. (in Chinese)

[3] 唐忠厚, 魏猛, 陈晓光, 史新敏, 张爱君, 李洪民, 丁艳锋. 不同肉色甘薯块根主要营养品质特征与综合评价. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(9): 1705-1714.

TANG Z H, WEI M, CHEN X G, SHI X M, ZHANG A J, LI H M, DING Y F. Characters and comprehensive evaluation of nutrient quality of sweetpotato storage root with different flesh colors. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(9): 1705-1714. (in Chinese)

[4] TANG Z H, ZHANG A J, WEI M, CHEN X G, LIU Z H, LI H M, DING Y F. Physiological response to potassium deficiency in three sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam) genotypes differing in potassium utilization efficiency. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2015, 37(8): 1-10.

[5] 唐忠厚, 李洪民, 张爱君, 史新敏, 朱红, 孙健. 长期定位施肥对甘薯块根产量及其主要品质的影响. 浙江农业学报, 2010, 22(1): 57-61.

TANG Z H, LI H M, ZHANG A J, SHI X M, ZHU H, SUN J. Effects of long-term located fertilization on yield and quality of sweetpotato. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2010, 22(1): 57-61. (in Chinese)

[6] 谢一芝, 邱瑞镰, 戴起伟, 吴红中. 甘薯品质的环境效应. 中国甘薯, 1996, 8: 106-109.

XIE Y Z, QIU R L, DAI Q W, WU H Z. Environmental effects on sweet potato quality traits. Chinese Sweetpotato, 1996, 8: 106-109. (in Chinese)

[7] CONSTANTIN R J, JONES L G, HERNANDEZ T P. Effect of potassium and phosphorous fertilization on quality of sweetpotato. Journal of American Society Horticultural Science, 1977, 102: 779-781.

[8] MELVIN S G, LU G Q, ZHOU W J. Genotypic variation for potassium uptake and utilization efficiency in sweet potato (Ipomoeabatatas L.). Field Crop Research, 2002, 77(1): 7-15.

[9] HOOVER R. Composition, molecular structure, and physicochemical properties of tuber and root starches: A review. Carbohydrate Polymer, 2001, 45(3): 253-267.

[10] 谭洪卓, 谭斌, 刘明. 甘薯淀粉性质与其粉丝品质的关系. 农业工程学报, 2009, 25(4): 286-292.

TAN H Z, TAN B, LIU M. Relationship between properties of sweet potato starch and qualities of sweet potato starch noodles. Transactions of The Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009, 25(4): 286-292. (in Chinese)

[11] ZHU F, WANG S. Physicochemical properties, molecular structure, and uses of sweetpotato starch. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2014, 36(2): 68-78.

[12] NODA T, KOBAYASHI T, SUDA I. Effect of soil temperature on starch properties of sweetpotatoes. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2001, 44(3): 239-246.

[13] 唐忠厚, 李洪民, 张爱君, 史新敏, 孙健, 徐飞. 施钾对甘薯常规品质性状及其淀粉RVA特性影响. 浙江农业学报, 2011, 23(1): 46-51.

TANG Z H, LI H M, ZHANG A J, SHI X M, SUN J, XU F. Effect of potassium fertilizer application on main quality traits and starch RVA characters of sweetpotato. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2011, 23(1): 46-51. (in Chinese)

[14] 柳洪鹃, 姚海兰, 史春余, 张立明. 施钾时期对甘薯济徐23块根淀粉积累与品质的影响及酶学生理机制. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(1): 43-52.

LIU H J, YAO H L, SHI C Y, ZHANG L M. Effect of potassium application time on starch accumulation and related enzyme activities of sweet potato variety Jixu 23. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(1): 43-52. (in Chinese)

[15] COLLADO L S, MABESA R C, CORKE H. Genetic variation in the physical properties of sweet potato starch. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 1999, 47(10): 4195-4201.

[16] ISHIGURO K, NODA T, YAMAKAWA O. Effect of cultivation conditions on retrogradation of sweet-potato starch. Starch-Stärke, 2003, 55(12): 564-568.

[17] ZHOU W, YANG J, HONG Y, LIU G, ZHENG J, GU Z, ZHANG P. Impact of amylose content on starch physicochemical properties in transgenic sweet potato. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2015, 122: 417-427.

[18] HAFSI C, DEBEZ A, ABDELLY C. Potassium de?ciency in plants: Effects and signaling cascades. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2014, 36: 1055-1070.

[19] 宁运旺, 马洪波, 许仙菊, 汪吉东, 张辉, 许建平, 陈杰, 张永春. 氮磷钾缺乏对甘薯前期生长和养分吸收的影响. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(3): 486-495.

NING Y W, MA H B, XU X J, WANG J D, ZHANG H, XU J P, CHEN J, ZHANG Y C. Effects of deficiency of N, P, or K on growth traits and nutrient uptakes of sweetpotato at early growing stage. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(3): 486-495. (in Chinese)

[20] 唐忠厚, 朱晓倩, 李强, 李洪民, 徐飞. 不同基因型甘薯直链淀粉含量差异研究. 食品工业科技, 2011, 32(11): 108-110.

TANG Z H, ZHU X Q, LI Q, LI H M, XU F. Genotype variation in amylase content of sweetpotato. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2011, 32(11): 108-110. (in Chinese)

[21] RASPER V. Investigations on starches from major starch crops grown in Ghana: Particle size and size distribution. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 1971, 22(11): 572-580.

[22] 黄华宏, 陆国权, 郑遗凡. 不同生育期甘薯块根淀粉糊化特性的差异. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(3): 462-467.

HUANG H H, LU G Q, ZHENG Y F. Variation in root starch gelatinization characteristics during the growth and development of sweetpotato. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2005, 38(3): 462-467. (in Chinese)

[23] 戴双, 李豪圣, 刘爱峰, 宋健民, 刘建军, 赵振东. 氮钾配施对济南17淀粉理化特性的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2006, 26(4): 107-110.

DAI S, LI H S, LIU A F, SONG J M, LIU J J,ZHAO Z D. Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on the starch physiochemical properties of Jinan 17. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2006, 26(4): 107-110. (in Chinese)

[24] NODA T, TAKAHATA Y, SATA T. Physicochemical properties of starches from purple and orange fleshed sweetpotato roots at two levels of fertilizer. Starch-Stärke, 1996, 48(11/12): 395-399.

[25] GERARDEAUX E, JORDAN-MEILLE L, CONSTANTIN J, PELLERIN S, DINGKUHN M. Changes in plant orphology and dry matter partitioning caused by potassium de?ciency in Gossypium hirsutum(L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2010, 67(3): 451-459.

[26] CAKMAK I. The role of potassium in alleviating detrimental effects of abiotic stresses in plants. Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2005, 168(4): 521-530.

[27] OOSTERHUIS D, LOKA D, KAWAKAMI E, PETTIGREW W. The physiology of potassium in crop production//Advances in Agronomy. Elsevier, 2014: 203-233.

[28] 席承藩. 中国土壤. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1998: 843-941

XI C F. China soil. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1998: 843-941. (in Chinese)

[29] ZHU F, YANG X, CAI Y, BERTOFT E, CORKE H. Physicochemical properties of sweetpotato starch. Starch- Stärke, 2011, 63(5): 249-259.

[30] NODA T, KIMURA T, OTANI M, SHIMADA T, SAITO A, SUDA I. Physicochemical properties of amylase-starch from transgenic sweet potato. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2002, 49(3): 253-260.

[31] 史春余, 姚海兰, 张立明, 柳洪鹃, 张超, 刘桂玲. 不同类型甘薯品种块根淀粉粒粒度的分布特征. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(21): 4537-4543.

SHI C Y, YAO H L, ZHANG L M, LIU H J, ZHANG C, LIU G L. Starch granule size distribution in storage loots of different types of sweetpotato cultivars. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2001, 44(21): 4537-4543. (in Chinese)

[32] KATAYAMA K, KOMAE K, KOHYAMA K, KATO T, TAMIYA S, KOMAKIE K. New sweet potato line having low gelatinization temperature and altered starch structure. Starch-Stärke, 2002, 54(2): 51-57.

[33] GENKINA N K, NODA T, KOLTISHEVA G I, WASSERMAN L A, TESTER R F, YURYEV V P. Effects of growth temperature on some structural properties of crystalline lamellae in starches extracted from sweet potatoes (Sunnyred and Ayamurasaki). Starch-Stärke, 2003, 55: 350-357.

[34] 宁慧峰. 氮素对稻米品质的影响及其理化基础研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2011.

NING H F. The effect of nitrogen on rice quality and its physicochemical foundation[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2011. (in Chinese)

[35] COLLADO L S, MABESA R C, CORKE H. Genetic variation in the physical properties of sweet potato starch. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry,1999, 47(10): 4195-4201.