舍内不同氨气浓度对肉鸡抗氧化性能及肉品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.21.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨鸡舍内不同氨气浓度对肉鸡抗氧化性能和肉质性状的影响。【方法】采用单因素完全随机设计，将400只21日龄健康艾拔益加（AA）肉公鸡，随机分在4个呼吸代谢舱中，每个舱为1个处理，每个处理设4个重复，每个重复25只鸡。4个处理组分别为：对照组氨气浓度控制在＜3 mg·kg-1，试验组氨气浓度分别控制在(25±3)、(50±3)和(75±3) mg·kg-1。呼吸代谢舱采用全自动化控制养殖环境条件。试验期为21 d，21—31 d为试验前期，32—42 d为试验后期。肉鸡采用网上平养，自由采食和饮水。分别在32 d和42 d屠宰取样，测定肉鸡血液、肌肉、肝脏的抗氧化性能以及肉质性状。【结果】1）抗氧化性能：在21—31日龄阶段，随着鸡舍氨气浓度的升高，肉鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）活性呈二次曲线增加（P＜0.05），总抗氧化能力（total antioxidation capacity，T-AOC）活性和丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）含量呈线性增加（P＜0.05）；胸肌过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）活性和MDA含量具有呈线性增加的趋势（0.05＜P＜0.10），而T-AOC活性呈线性降低（P＜0.05）；腿肌T-AOC活性有呈线性增加的趋势（0.05＜P＜0.10），75 mg·kg^-1氨气处理组SOD活性显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）；肉鸡肝脏CAT活性具有线性降低的趋势（0.05＜P＜0.10），MDA含量呈现线性增加（P＜0.05）。在32—42日龄阶段，随着鸡舍氨气浓度的升高，肉鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase，GSH-Px）活性呈二次曲线降低（P＜0.05），CAT活性呈线性降低（P＜0.05），50 mg·kg^-1氨气处理组SOD活性显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）；胸肌CAT活性呈线性增加（P＜0.05），T-AOC活性呈二次曲线降低（P＜0.05）；腿肌GSH-Px活性呈二次曲线增加（P＜0.05），75 mg·kg^-1 氨气处理组腿肌SOD活性显著高于其他各组（P＜0.05）；肝脏T-AOC活性具有呈二次曲线增加的趋势（0.05＜P＜0.10），GSH-Px活性呈线性降低（P＜0.05）。（2）肉质性状：在21—31日龄阶段，随着氨气浓度的升高，肉鸡胸肌剪切力和肉色b*值呈线性降低（P＜0.05），L*值呈线性升高（P＜0.05）；腿肌肉色L*值呈线性降低（P＜0.05），肉色a*值和宰后24 h的pH值呈二次曲线增加（P＜0.05），b*值具有线性降低的趋势（0.05＜P＜0.10）。在32—42日龄阶段，随着氨气浓度的升高，肉鸡胸肌剪切力和肉色a*值呈线性降低（P＜0.05），b*值与屠宰后24 h肉质pH值均呈线性升高（P＜0.05），50 mg·kg^-1氨气处理组胸肌肉色L*值显著高于其他各组（P＜0.05）；宰后45 min腿肌pH具有呈二次曲线增加的趋势（0.05＜P＜0.10）。【结论】鸡舍高浓度氨气可降低肉鸡的抗氧化能力，影响鸡肉品质，且随氨气浓度的升高而逐渐增强，具有时间累加效应。

关键词: 氨气, 抗氧化, 肉品质, 肉鸡

Abstract: 【Objective】The aim of this experiment is to study the effects of different concentration of ammonia on the antioxidant capacity and the meat quality of broiler chickens. 【Method】 The study has adopted a single factor completely randomized design. A total of 400 21-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) male broilers were randomly divided into 4 respiratory chambers, and each chamber was a treatment with 4 replicates, and 25 broilers in each replicate. The following concentrations of ammonia were set in different groups: ＜3 mg·kg^-1 (control group), (25±3), (50±3), (75±3) mg·kg^-1 respectively. The respiratory chambers controlled the environment with full-automation. The entire experimental period was 21 days: the starter phase was 21-31 d, and the later phase was 32-42 d. Broilers were provided ad libitum access to feed and water in nets. The antioxidant capacity of blood and muscle, and meat quality were determined at 32 d and 42 d of age.【Result】(1) Antioxidant capacity: At 21-31 d of age, with ammonia concentration increasing, the activity of SOD showed a quadratic increase (P＜0.05), and the activity of T-AOC(total antioxidation capacity) and the content of MDA (malondialdehyde) showed a linear increase (P＜0.05) in serum. The activity of CAT (catalase) and the content of MDA in the breast muscle showed a linear increase trend (0.05＜P＜0.10), and the activity of T-AOC showed a linear decrease (P＜0.05) in breast muscle. The activity of T-AOC showed a linear increase trend (0.05＜P＜0.10) in thigh muscle of broilers, and the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) of broilers in 75 mg·kg^-1group was higher than in others (P＜0.05). The activity of CAT in liver showed a linear decrease trend (0.05＜P＜0.10), the content of MDA showed a linear increase (P＜0.05). At 32-42 d of age, with ammonia concentration increasing, the activity of GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) showed a quadratic decrease (P＜0.05), and the activity of CAT showed a linear decrease in serum of broiler (P＜0.05). The activity of SOD in serum in the 50 mg·kg^-1 group was lower than that in the control (P＜0.05). The activity of CAT showed a linear increase (P＜0.05), and activity of T-AOC showed a quadratic decrease in breast muscle (P＜0.05). The activity of GSH-Px showed a quadratic increase (P＜0.05) in thigh muscle of broilers. The activity of SOD in thigh muscle of broilers exposed to 75 mg·kg^-1 was significantly higher than other groups (P＜0.05). With ammonia concentration increasing, the activity of T-AOC in the liver showed a quadratic increase trend (0.05＜P＜0.10). The activity of GSH-Px showed a linear decrease in liver (P＜0.05). (2) Meat quality: At 21-31 d of age, with ammonia concentration increasing, the shear force and the values of b* showed a linear decrease (P＜0.05), on the contrary, the values of L* showed a linear increase in breast muscle (P＜0.05), but the values of L* in the thigh muscle showed a linear decrease (P＜0.05), and the values of a* and pH 24 h showed a quadratic increase (P＜0.05). The values of b* showed a linear decrease trend (0.05＜P＜0.10). At 32-42 d of age, with ammonia concentration increasing, the shear force and the values of a* showed a linear decrease (P＜0.05), but the values of b* and pH 24 h showed a linear increase in breast muscle (P＜0.05). The values of L* in breast muscle of broilers exposed to 50 mg·kg^-1 were significantly higher than the other groups. The values of pH 45 min in thigh muscle showed a quadratic increase trend (0.05＜P＜0.10).【Conclusion】The result suggested that, ammonia in broiler houses adversely affects on antioxidant capacity and meat quality. Moreover, the adverse effects of ammonia could be worse with increased concentration and exposure period.

Key words: ammonia, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, broiler

邢焕，栾素军，孙永波，萨仁娜，张宏福. 舍内不同氨气浓度对肉鸡抗氧化性能及肉品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(21): 4347-4357.

XING Huan, LUAN Su-jun, SUN Yong-bo, SA Ren-na, ZHANG Hong-fu. Effect of Ammonia in Broiler Houses on the Antioxidant Activity and Meat Quality of Broiler[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(21): 4347-4357.

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