沙葱及其提取物对小尾寒羊生产性能、胴体特征、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.17.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究沙葱及其提取物对小尾寒羊生产性能、胴体特征,肉品质及血清生化指标的影响,为舍饲肉羊饲料添加剂的开发提供试验依据。【方法】选取3月龄、体重相近的小尾寒羊公羊60只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,对照组（CK）饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加沙葱粉(AMR),沙葱水提物(AWE)和沙葱醇提物(AFE),添加剂量分别为10、3.4和2.8 g/（只•d）。试验持续75 d,其中预饲期15 d,正饲期60 d。正饲期内测定小尾寒羊生产性能,正饲期结束空腹颈静脉采血测定血清生化指标,随后每个重复随机选2只羊进行屠宰,立即测定胴体特征（胴体热重、屠宰率、肾周脂肪重、皮下脂肪厚度及硬度）,取胴体左侧背最长肌测定肉品质,取肾周脂肪、尾部脂肪、背部皮下脂肪和大网膜脂肪测定脂肪肉色。【结果】与对照组相比,①沙葱醇提物组的平均日采食量显著降低（P=0.001）,饲料转化率显著升高（P=0.039）,平均日增重无显著性变化（P>0.05）;②日粮添加沙葱粉及水提物能够显著降低羊肉的剪切力（P=0.029）;③沙葱粉组、水提物组和醇提物组肾周脂肪的黄度值（b^*）无显著性差异（P>0.050）,醇提物组肾周脂肪（P=0.096）和大网膜脂肪（P=0.087）的b^*值与沙葱粉组相比有升高的趋势,而红度值（a^*）（P=0.044）和饱和度（C^*）（P=0.021）显著高于沙葱粉组;④添加沙葱及其提取物能够显著升高血清总蛋白（P=0.006）的含量,沙葱及其醇提物能够显著提高血清白蛋白（P=0.006）的含量,沙葱醇提物能够显著降低血清尿素氮（P=0.024）的含量。【结论】沙葱及其提取物对舍饲小尾寒羊胴体特征和脂肪肉色无显著影响;日粮中添加沙葱醇提物能够显著提高小尾寒羊饲料转化率,沙葱粉及水提物能够显著降低羊肉的剪切力,提高羊肉嫩度;同时沙葱及其醇提物能够显著提高血清中总蛋白和白蛋白的含量,促进肉羊对蛋白质的吸收。

关键词: 沙葱及其提取物, 生产性能, 胴体特征, 肉品质, 血清生化指标, 小尾寒羊

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Allium mongolicum Regel and its extracts on the production performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of Small Tailed-Han Sheep, and to provide an experimental basis for the development of feed additives for captive sheep. 【Method】 Sixty 3-month-old, male, Small-Tailed Han sheep were selected and allocated into four groups in a randomized block design. There were four treatments with 3 replications each: 1) a basal diet as the control group; 2) the basal diet supplemented with 10 g•lamb^-1•d^-1 Allium mongolicum Regel powder as the AMR group; 3) the basal diet supplemented with 3.4 g•lamb^-1•d^-1 Allium mongolicum Regel water extract as the AWE group; and 4) the basal diet supplemented with 2.8 g•lamb^-1•d^-1 Allium mongolicum Regel ethanol extract as the AFE group. The experiment lasted for 75 days, including a 15-day preliminary feeding period for adaptation and a 60-day experimental feeding period. The production performance of small-tailed Han sheep was measured during experimental feeding period, and the serum biochemical indexes were measured by fasting jugular blood collection at the end of experimental feeding period, followed by slaughter of 2 sheep randomly selected in each replication and carcass characteristics (Hot carcass weight, Carcass yield, perirenal adipose tissue weight, dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness and firmness) were measured immediately, meat quality was determined by taking Longissimus Dorsi muscle on the left side of the carcass, and fat color was determined by taking perirenal adipose tissue, tail adipose tissue, dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue, omental adipose tissue. 【Result】 The results showed that: compared to the control group, ① the mean daily feed intake was significantly lower (P=0.001), feed conversion ratio was significantly higher (P=0.039) and mean daily weight gain did not differ (P>0.05) for AFE group; ② the addition of Allium mongolicum Regel powder and water extracts was able to significantly reduce the shear force of lamb compared to the control group (P=0.029); ③ there was no significant difference (P>0.050) in the b^* values of perirenal adipose tissue in other groups, while the b^* values of perirenal adipose tissue (P=0.096) and omental adipose tissue (P=0.087) in the alcohol extract group tended to be higher compared with Allicum mongolicum Regel powder group, while the a^* (P=0.044) and C^* (P=0.021) values were significantly higher than those of Allicum mongolicum Regel powder group; ④ the addition of Allium mongolicum Regel and its extract significantly increased the serum total protein (P=0.006), Allium mongolicum Regel and its alcoholic extract significantly increased the serum albumin (P=0.006), and Allium mongolicum Regel alcoholic extract significantly decreased the serum urea nitrogen (P=0.024). 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, Allium mongolicum Regel and its extracts had no significant effect on carcass characteristics and fat color of captive Small Tailed-Han Sheep. The addition of Allium mongolicum Regel and its alcoholic extract to the diet significantly improved the feed conversion rate of Small-Tailed Han sheep, and Allium mongolicum Regel powder and water extract significantly reduced the shear force of meat. Meanwhile, Allium mongolicum Regel and its alcoholic extract can significantly increase the content of total protein and albumin in serum and promote the absorption of protein of meat sheep.

Key words: Allium mongolicum Regel and its extracts, growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, serum biochemical indices, Small Tailed-Han Sheep

刘旺景,唐德富,敖长金. 沙葱及其提取物对小尾寒羊生产性能、胴体特征、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(17): 3461-3472.

LIU WangJing,TANG DeFu,AO ChangJin. Effect of Allium mongolicum Regel and Its Extracts on the Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indices of Captive Small-Tailed Han Sheep[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(17): 3461-3472.

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项目 Items	沙葱醇提物 AFE	沙葱水提物 AWE	差异倍数 Fold change
得率 Yield (%)	28.00	32.00	-
主要活性成分 Main active compound
异鼠李素 Isorhamnetin	4570000	177000	25.82
金圣草黄素O-葡萄糖醛酸 Chrysoeriol O-glucuronic acid	26900	1300	20.70
植保素C Phytocassane C	108000	7340	14.71
鹰嘴豆素 Biochanin A	62400	7860	7.94
高圣草酚 Homoeriodictyol	2510000	475000	5.28
木犀草素6-C-葡萄糖苷 Luteolin 6-C-glucoside	189000	72100	2.62
迷迭香酸 Rosmarinic acid	4930	38200	0.13
丁香醛 Syringaldehyde	34400	103000	0.33
矢车菊素3-O-芸香糖苷 Cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside	60700	176000	0.35
香豆酰羟基胍丁胺 N-p-Coumaroyl hydroxyagmatine	31900	78800	0.41
异喹啉 Isoquinoline	12800	27600	0.46

项目 Items	含量 Content (%)	营养水平 Nutrient levels²⁾
原料 Ingredients
羊草 Leymus chinensis	31.00	消化能 DE / (MJ·kg^-1)	15.96
苜蓿 Alfalfa	18.60	粗蛋白质 CP (%)	15.73
破碎玉米 Cracked corn	24.00	粗脂肪 EE (%)	2.98
小麦麸 Wheat bran	3.88	粗灰分 Ash (%)	5.12
向日葵仁饼 Sunfloewr seed meal	17.23	中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%)	40.63
豌豆茎叶 Pea stalk	2.77	酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%)	23.47
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	0.79	钙 Ca (%)	1.22
食盐 NaCl	0.73	总磷 TP (%)	0.47
预混料 Premix¹⁾	1.00
合计 Total	100.00

项目 Items	组别 Groups				SEM	P值 P value
项目 Items	对照组 CK	沙葱粉组 AMR	水提物组 AWE	醇提物组 AFE	SEM	P值 P value
生长性能指标 Growth performance indicators
初始体重 IBW (kg)	24.10	23.60	24.10	22.90	0.90	0.770
终末体重 FBW (kg)	40.60	41.10	41.40	39.60	1.17	0.760
平均日采食量 ADFI (kg)	1.96a	1.99a	1.99a	1.83b	0.03	0.001
平均日增重 ADG (g)	239.00	252.00	247.00	240.00	9.14	0.740
饲料转化率 F/G	8.52b	7.90b	8.06b	7.63a	0.01	0.039
胴体特征指标 Carcass characteristics indicators
胴体热重 HCW (kg)	21.90	21.10	21.20	21.00	0.44	0.420
屠宰率 CY (kg)	53.00	51.70	53.70	52.70	0.89	0.450
背部皮下脂肪厚度 DFT (mm)	3.50	3.20	3.30	3.10	0.14	0.530
肾周脂肪重 PFW (g)	244.00	213.00	221.00	211.00	8.21	0.670
背部皮下脂肪硬度 DFF	4.00	3.30	3.50	3.20	0.13	0.590

项目 Items	组别 Groups				SEM	P值 P value
项目 Items	对照组 CK	沙葱粉组 AMR	水提物组 AWE	醇提物组 AFE	SEM	P值 P value
pH _45min	6.50	6.51	6.54	6.52	0.01	0.182
pH _24h	5.61	5.63	5.70	5.64	0.02	0.285
亮度 L^*	41.28	39.77	38.58	39.60	0.44	0.217
红度 a^*	30.04	30.10	30.54	30.11	0.43	0.221
黄度 b^*	3.97	3.85	3.27	3.76	0.34	0.903
饱和度 C^*	30.34	30.35	30.78	30.38	0.35	0.189
色相角 H^o	1.42	1.43	1.32	1.40	0.15	0.218
滴水损失 DL (%)	44.88	45.48	45.31	47.73	0.76	0.564
剪切力 SF (kg)	3.50a	2.40b	2.32b	3.01ab	1.44	0.029
肌内脂肪含量 IF (%)	6.51c	6.66a	6.59ab	6.55b	0.02	0.031

项目 Items	组别 Groups				SEM	P值 P value
项目 Items	对照组 CK	沙葱粉组 AMR	水提物组 AWE	醇提物组 AFE	SEM	P值 P value
肾周脂肪 Perirenal adipose tissue
亮度 L^*	81.45	81.49	81.96	80.76	0.89	0.820
红度 a^*	6.45	5.81	5.41	6.61	0.66	0.540
黄度 b^*	6.13ab	5.96b	6.50ab	7.19a	0.46	0.096
饱和度 C^*	9.07	8.64	8.45	9.95	0.54	0.220
色相角 H^o	88.92	88.97	89.19	89.05	0.11	0.340
尾部脂肪 Tail adipose tissue
亮度 L^*	82.98	83.27	84.81	84.74	0.85	0.300
红度 a^*	3.45	3.38	3.55	2.90	0.46	0.750
黄度 b^*	7.35	6.16	6.81	6.81	0.39	0.220
饱和度 C^*	8.22	7.15	7.87	7.48	0.44	0.350
色相角 H^o	89.52	89.42	89.47	89.48	0.09	0.860
背部皮下脂肪 Dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue
亮度 L^*	85.95	84.33	84.53	84.70	0.79	0.470
红度 a^*	4.64	4.40	5.25	4.37	0.65	0.760
黄度 b^*	7.68	6.94	6.25	7.46	0.46	0.140
饱和度 C^*	9.12	8.39	8.40	8.77	0.60	0.800
色相角 H^o	89.38	89.35	89.17	88.92	0.25	0.560
大网膜脂肪 Omental adipose tissue
亮度 L^*	83.45	83.06	83.17	82.20	0.81	0.730
红度 a^*	4.21ab	3.50b	3.96b	5.80a	0.59	0.044
黄度 b^*	4.99ab	4.23b	5.25ab	5.54a	0.37	0.087
饱和度 C^*	6.68ab	5.56b	6.86ab	8.11a	0.55	0.021
色相角 H^o	89.15	89.11	89.07	88.93	0.12	0.570