相对饲养水平对绵羊肌肉组织结构及肌纤维组成相关基因的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.21.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】提高肉品质是现代肉羊生产的主要目标之一，研究不同饲养水平对阿勒泰羊背最长肌肌肉组织结构及肌纤维组成相关基因的影响，为通过饲养水平调控肉脂型绵羊肉品质，提高生产效益提供参考。【方法】选择出生日龄接近（（3.0±0.5）月龄）、体况良好、体重相近（（19.16±0.54）kg）、臀型一致的阿勒泰羊30只，随机分为3组，自由采食60 d后，分别按照50%（0.25 MJ/W^0.75×d^-1）（NL组）、100%（0.5 MJ/W^0.75×d^-1）（NM组）、150%（0.75 MJ/W^0.75×d^-1）（NH组）的维持代谢能饲喂30 d后屠宰，取背最长肌分别进行苏木精—伊红(H.E.)染色和2%醋酸铀-枸橼酸铅双染色法染色，光学显微镜和透射电镜观察肌肉组织结构，并通过免疫组化法测定肌球蛋白重链I (myosin heavy chain，MyHC I)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ（preoxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma，PPARγ）蛋白表达量。【结果】(1) 阿勒泰羊摄入50%、100%和150%的维持代谢能时，三组试验羊的平均日增重分别为-90.67 kg、13.33 kg和203.00 kg，差异显著(P<0.05);背最长肌肌纤维直径NH组、NM组显著大于NL组（P<0.05）;肌内膜厚度NH组显著小于NL组（P<0.05）;肌束肌纤维数量、肌束纤维面积、肌束膜厚度以及肌纤维面积、肌纤维密度差异不显著（P>0.05）。(2) 饲养水平对肌质网终池面积、脂滴面积以及肌质网终池、肌原纤维、肌质的面积比都有影响，肌质网终池面积和面积比NH组显著大于NM和NL组（P<0.05），脂滴面积NH组显著大于NL组（P<0.05）;肌质面积比NM组显著大于NH和NL组（P<0.05）;线粒体、糖原三组之间无显著差异（P<0.05）。(3) 饲养水平对肌纤维组成相关基因蛋白的表达有影响，PPARγ的蛋白表达强度、阳性面积和阳性率NL和NM组显著低于NH组（P<0.05）;MyHCⅠ蛋白表达强度随能量摄入水平的增加而增大，但是三组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】不同饲养水平对阿勒泰羊背最长肌肌肉组织结构和肌纤维类型相关基因蛋白的表达具有显著的影响，在育肥期可通过饲养水平控制肌肉组织结构和肌纤维类型组成，从而按照生产需要调控肉品质。

关键词: 相对饲养水平, 肉品质, 肌肉组织结构, 肌纤维, PPARγ, MyHC I, 阿勒泰羊

Abstract:

【Objective】Improving meat quality is one of the main goals of the modern mutton sheep production. The objective of this study was to compare the muscle tissue structure and the genes expression related muscle development of longissimus dorsi muscle in Altay sheep, so as to provide the reference for regulating meat quality and improving production efficiency of meat-fat type sheep by feeding level. 【Method】 Thirty Altay female lambs with a similar month ((3.0±0.5) months), similar body weight ((19. 16±0.54) kg), uniform tail size were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 lambs per group. After 60 days of ad libitum feeding, three test sheep groups were fed with 50% (0.25 MJ/W^0.75 ×d^-1, NL group), 100% (0.5 MJ/W^0.75 ×d^-1, NM group), and 150% (0.75 MJ/W^0.75 ×d^-1, NH group) maintenance metabolizable for 30 days, respectively, and then slaughtered. The longissimus dorsi muscle was stained with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE staining) and 2% uranyl acetate-lead citrate double staining, respectively, and then the expression of myosin heavy chain I (MyHC I) and peroxisome receptor activator-activated gamma (PPARγ) was determined by immunohistochemistry. 【Result】(1) When Altay sheep were fed 50%, 100% and 150% metabolizable energy, respectively, the difference of average daily gain was significant (P<0.05), and the difference of three groups were -90.67 kg, 13.33 kg and 203.00 kg, respectively. The diameter of longissimus dorsi muscle fibers from NL group and NH group was significantly larger than that from NL group (P<0.05), while the thickness of muscular intima from NH group was significantly smaller than that in NL group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the amount of muscle fiber, the area of muscle fiber, the thickness of muscle fascicle, the area of muscle fiber and the density of muscle fiber (P>0.05). (2) The feeding levels affected the area of terminal cisterna, lipid droplets and the area ratio of terminal cisterna, myofibril and sarcoplasm. The area and area ratio of terminal cisterna from NH were significantly larger than those from NM group and NL group (P<0.05), while the area of lipid droplets from NH group was significantly larger than that from NL group (P<0.05). The area ratio of sarcoplasm from NM group was significantly larger than that from NH and NL Group (P<0.05), and mitochondria and glycogen had no significant difference among the three groups (P<0.05). (3) The feeding levels affected the expression of gene related muscle fiber, PPARγ expression intensity, positive area and positive rate from NL, and NM groups were significantly lower than those from NH group (P<0.05). The expression intensity of MyHC Ⅰ protein increased with the increase of feeding level, but there was no significant difference among three groups (P>0.05).【Conclusion】The feeding level had a significant effect on the muscle tissue structure and the expression of gene protein related to muscle fiber type of the Longissimus dorsi muscle in Altay sheep, and it could be used to control the muscle tissue structure and muscle fiber type composition during fattening period, in order to regulate the quality of meat according to production needs.

Key words: feeding level, meat quality, muscle tissue structure, muscle fiber, PPARγ, MyHC I, Altay sheep

宋淑珍, 高良霜, 李宏, 宫旭胤, 刘立山, 魏玉兵. 相对饲养水平对绵羊肌肉组织结构及肌纤维组成相关基因的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(21): 4304-4314.

SONG ShuZhen, GAO LiangShuang, LI Hong, GONG XuYin, LIU LiShan, WEI YuBing. Effects of Feeding Levels on Muscle Tissue Structure and Muscle Fiber Composition Related Genes in Sheep[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(21): 4304-4314.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.21.016

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2022/V55/I21/4304

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成分Ingredient	含量Content	营养水平Nutrient level ²⁾	含量Content
苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay	25.40	消化能DE（MJ·kg^-1）	10.66
玉米秆Corn straw	19.40	代谢能ME（MJ·kg^-1）	8.67
小麦秆Wheat straw	5.00	粗蛋白质CP	12.51
玉米Corn	30.00	粗脂肪EE	2.13
大豆粕Soybean meal	10.00	钙Ca	0.65
麸皮Wheat bran	5.00	总磷TP	0.45
菜籽粕Rapeseed meal	4.00	中性洗涤纤维NDF	55.30
磷酸氢钙Calcium hydrogen phosphate	0.20	酸性洗涤纤维ADF	32.22
碳酸钙Calcium carbonate	0.35
氯化钠NaCI	0.50
预混料Premixture¹⁾	0.15
合计Total	100.00

组别 Treatment	初重 Initial weight (kg)	末重 Final weight (kg)	平均日增重 Average daily gain (g)	代谢体重平均日采食量 Average daily intake of metabolic weight (g/W^0.75)
NL组 NL group	30.17±1.17	27.45±2.36c	-90.67±0.04c	0.04±0.00c
NM组 NM group	30.75±1.72	31.15±1.49b	13.33±0.07b	0.08±0.00b
NH组 NH group	30.83±1.16	36.93±2.73a	203.00±0.05a	0.12±0.00a

组别 Treatment	肌束纤维数量 Muscular bundle number (number/bundle)	肌束纤维面积 Muscular bundle area (μm²)	肌纤维面积 Muscle fiber area (μm²)	肌纤维密度 Muscle fiber density (number/mm²)	肌纤维最长直径 Muscle fiber maximum density (μm)	肌纤维最短直径 Muscle fiber minimum density (μm)	肌纤维平均直径 Muscle fiber diameter (μm)	肌内膜厚度 Endomysium thickness (μm)	肌束膜厚度 Perimysium thickness (μm)
NL组 NL group	114.17±10.16	105509.52±2132.25	942.28±105.95	1134.44±132.01	36.27±1.90b	20.07±1.56b	28.17±.46b	4.98±0.45a	13.00±1.49
NM组 NM group	113.83±7.25	89244.27±7337.58	795.90±83.48	1319.73±123.19	42.65±3.28ab	27.48±3.97ab	35.07±.45a	3.94±0.52ab	12.39±2.54
NH组 NH group	105.83±6.80	98028.30±9200.17	959.81±135.47	1143.12±146.89	44.48±2.76a	33.80±3.60a	39.14±.49a	3.69±0.19b	13.63±1.71

组别 Treatment	肌质网终池 Terminal cisternae		肌原纤维 Myofibril		肌质 Sarcoplasm		线粒体 Chondriosome		肌糖原 Glucogen		脂滴 Lipid
组别 Treatment	面积 Area (μm²)	面积比 Area ratio	面积 Area (μm²)	面积比 Area ratio	面积 Area (μm²)	面积比 Area ratio	面积 Area (μm²)	面积比 Area ratio	面积 Area (μm²)	面积比 Area ratio	面积 Area (μm²)	面积比 Area ratio
NL组 NL group	0.069±0.006b	0.033±0.003b	1.020±0.004	0.480±0.015a	1.045±0.096	0.487±0.016b	0.414±0.056	0.647±0.038	0.173±0.027	0.293±0.040	0.037±0.008b	0.061±0.012
NM组 NM group	0.084±0.006b	0.042±0.004b	0.870±0.080	0.040±0.019b	1.239±0.119	0.557±0.020a	0.488±0.062	0.606±0.045	0.309±0.073	0.308±0.047	0.051±0.005ab	0.067±0.009
NH组 NH group	0.136±0.018a	0.066±0.008a	0.993±0.090	0.468±0.021a	1.008±0.106	0.467±0.022b	0.591±0.086	0.711±0.042	0.227±0.066	0.225±0.046	0.056±0.003a	0.078±0.012

组别 Treatment	MyHCⅠ				PPARγ
组别 Treatment	积分光密度值 Integral optical density (IOD)	阳性面积 Positive area (μm²)	蛋白表达强度 Protein expression intensity (%)	阳性率 Positive rate (%)	积分光密度值 Integral optical density (IOD)	阳性面积 Positive area (μm²)	蛋白表达强度 Protein expression intensity (%)	阳性率 Positive rate (%)
NL组 NL group	58987.44±9756.69	12141.92±987.74	0.0047±0.0008	0.17±0.01	66415.77±19885.47	24112.09±7846.90b	0.005±0.0016 b	0.33±0.11b
NM组 NM group	75598.94±15209.87	14334.56±1587.26	0.0060±0.0012	0.20±0.02	93424.27±32592.84	25226.34±4038.18b	0.007±0.0026 b	0.34±0.05b
NH组 NH group	86479.87±9013.80	15042.09±2166.93	0.0069±0.0007	0.20±0.00	125531.67±28874.92	49822.16±9579.31a	0.010±0.0023 a	0.68±0.13a