AquaCrop模型对旱区冬小麦抗旱灌溉的模拟研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.20.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】根据干旱情况及时采取灌溉措施，对旱区抗旱以及提高水分利用效率具有重要意义。从大田农业的实际情况出发，研究AquaCrop模型在旱区的适用性及干旱年份抗旱灌溉模拟，为实现抗旱保产提供依据。【方法】于2012—2014年，在旱区陕西杨凌及杨凌周边区域进行冬小麦大田试验，采用2013—2014年揉谷试验区的冬小麦观测数据进行模型的参数调试，采用2012—2013年揉谷试验区和2013—2014年武功试验区的冬小麦观测数据进行模型的验证，从而获得AquaCrop模型在陕西杨凌及周边地区的模型参数。模型参数包括影响冠层生长的冠层增长系数、冠层衰老系数和最大冠层覆盖度，影响生物量积累的水分生产力，影响产量形成的参考收获指数等。然后根据调查的干旱年份2012—2013年的灌溉情况制定出4种灌溉情景，并利用参数本地化后的AquaCrop模型模拟2012—2013年4种灌溉情景对冬小麦生物量和产量的影响，通过模拟结果得出最优灌溉策略。最后比较2012—2013年揉谷试验区、2013—2014年揉谷试验区和武功试验区冬小麦的产量水分利用效率。【结果】在冬小麦冠层覆盖度方面，AquaCrop模型模拟的冠层覆盖度和实测值之间的决定系数（R²）与均方根误差（RMSE）分别为0.464和8.0%。在冬小麦生物量模拟方面，AquaCrop模型模拟的生物量和实测值之间的R²和RMSE分别为0.889和1.622 t·hm^-2。在冬小麦产量模拟方面，AquaCrop模型模拟的产量与实测产量之间的RMSE为0.377 t·hm^-2。2013年为干旱年份，在播种后第77天进行冬灌并且在播种后第172天的拔节期再进行灌溉的两种情景获得最大的生物量；在播种后第77天进行冬灌、播种后第172天拔节期和播种后第200天抽穗期再分别灌溉，小麦产量最高，达到6.451 t·hm^-2。2012—2013年揉谷试验区、2013—2014年揉谷试验区和武功试验区冬小麦的产量水分利用效率分别为1.84、1.69和1.82 kg·m^-3。【结论】AquaCrop模型能够较好地模拟旱区冬小麦的生物量和产量，并且AquaCrop模型模拟的干旱年份下不同灌溉策略的生物量和产量，基本可以说明不同灌溉时间和灌溉次数对冬小麦最终产量的影响。同时说明2012—2013年增加的2次灌溉使干旱年份冬小麦的产量水分利用效率超过正常年份。以上研究符合当地农业生产实际情况，说明AquaCrop模型可以为旱区抗旱保产提供依据。AquaCrop模型具有很好的应用前景，正逐渐成为一个重要的田间决策工具。

关键词: AquaCrop模型, 冬小麦, 灌溉, 干旱

Abstract: 【Objective】 It is important to take an irrigation measure in time according to the drought situation in resisting drought and improving water use efficiency. In view of practical field application, this study explores the applicability in arid area and irrigation simulation in drought year with AquaCrop model. It will provide a guideline in resisting drought and protecting the yield.【Method】 Field surveys and experiments were conducted at Rougu test area and Wugong test area, Shaanxi Province during the typical wheat growing seasons of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The model parameters were adjusted with the data of Rougu test area acquired in 2013-2014, and the model was validated with the data acquired in Rougu test area in 2012-2013 and Wugong test area in 2013-2014. The model parameters mainly include canopy growth and canopy senescence coefficient, maximum canopy cover, water productivity and reference harvest coefficient. According to the surveys of the factual irrigation situation in 2012-2013, four irrigation situations were developed to simulate their influence on biomass and yield. Consequently, the optimal irrigation strategy was obtained. Finally, the water use efficiency was calculated.【Result】The R²and RMSE between the simulated and the measured canopy cover were 0.464 and 8.0%, respectively. The R² and RMSE of simulated and measured biomass were 0.889 and 1.662 t·ha^-1, respectively. The RMSE of simulated yield and measured yield was 0.377 t·ha^-1. Under the two scenarios that the wheat was irrigated at the 77th day and the 172th day after planting, the largest biomass could be obtained. The highest yield approaching 6.451 t·ha^-1 could be obtained under the treatment that the wheat was irrigated on the 77th day, the 172th day and the 200th day after planting. The water use efficiencies of Rougu test area (from 2012 to 2013), Rougu test area (from 2013 to 2014) and Wugong test area (from 2013 to 2014) were 1.84, 1.69 and 1.82 kg·m^-3, respectively.【Conclusion】The AquaCrop model could well simulate the development of winter wheat in arid regions, and the different irrigation times and irrigation frequencies have an important effect on winter wheat biomass and yield. Water use efficiency in drought year was higher than in normal year when two more irrigation were added. The experimental results demonstrate that AquaCrop model has a good application prospect in making irrigation strategies in arid area.

Key words: AquaCrop model, winter wheat, irrigation, drought

滕晓伟，董燕生，沈家晓，孟鲁闽，冯海宽. AquaCrop模型对旱区冬小麦抗旱灌溉的模拟研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(20): 4100-4110.

TENG Xiao-wei, DONG Yan-sheng, SHEN Jia-xiao, MENG Lu-min, FENG Hai-kuan. Winter Wheat Irrigation Simulation in Arid Area Based on AquaCrop Model[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(20): 4100-4110.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.20.011

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2015/V48/I20/4100

参考文献

[1] Andarzian B, Bannayan M, Steduto P, Mazraeh H, Barati M E, Barati M A, Rahnama A. Validation and testing of the AquaCrop model under full and deficit irrigated wheat production in Iran. Agricultural Water Management, 2011, 100(1): 1-8.

[2] Hussein F, Janat M, Yakoub A. Simulating cotton yield response to deficit irrigation with the FAO AquaCrop model. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2011, 9(4): 1319-1330.

[3] Raes D, Steduto P, Hsiao T C, Fereres E. AquaCrop the FAO crop model to simulate yield response to water: II. Main Algorithms and Software Description. Agronomy Journal, 2009, 101(3): 438-447.

[4] Steduto P, Hsiao T C, Raes D, Fereres E. AquaCrop-The FAO crop model to simulate yield response to water: I. Concepts and underlying principles. Agronomy Journal, 2009, 101(3): 426-437.

[5] Hsiao T C, Heng L, Steduto P, Rojas-Lara B, Raes D, Fereres E. AquaCrop-The FAO crop model to simulate yield response to water: III. Parameterization and testing for maize. Agronomy Journal, 2009, 101(3): 448-459.

[6] Abedinpour M, Sarangi A, Rajput T, Singh M, Pathak H, Ahmad T. Performance evaluation of AquaCrop model for maize crop in a semi-arid environment. Agricultural Water Management, 2012, 110: 55-66.

[7] Heng L K, Hsiao T, Evett S, Howell T, Steduto P. Validating the FAO AquaCrop model for irrigated and water deficient field maize. Agronomy Journal, 2009, 101(3): 488-498.

[8] Abrha B, Delbecque N, Raes D, Tsegay A, Todorovic M, Heng L, Vanutrecht E, Geerts S, Garcia-Vila M, Deckers S. Sowing strategies for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) based on modelled yield response to water with Aquacrop. Experimental Agriculture, 2012, 48(2): 252-271.

[9] Araya A, Habtu S, Hadgu K M, Kebede A, Dejene T. Test of AquaCrop model in simulating biomass and yield of water deficient and irrigated barley (Hordeum vulgare). Agricultural Water Management, 2010, 97(11): 1838-1846.

[10] Geerts S, Raes D, Garcia M, Miranda R, Cusicanqui J A, Taboada C, Mendoza J, Huanca R, Mamani A, Condori O. Simulating yield response of quinoa to water availability with AquaCrop. Agronomy Journal, 2009, 101(3): 499-508.

[11] Geerts S, Raes D, Garcia M. Using AquaCrop to derive deficit irrigation schedules. Agricultural Water Management, 2010, 98(1): 213-216.

[12] Khoshravesh M, Mostafazadeh-Fard B, Heidarpour M, Kiani A. AquaCrop model simulation under different irrigation water and nitrogen strategies. Water Science & Technology, 2012, 67(1): 232-238.

[13] García-Vila M, Fereres E, Mateos L, Orgaz F, Steduto P. Deficit irrigation optimization of cotton with AquaCrop. Agronomy Journal, 2009, 101(3): 477-487.

[14] Farahani H J, Izzi G, Oweis T Y. Parameterization and evaluation of the AquaCrop model for full and deficit irrigated cotton. Agronomy Journal, 2009, 101(3): 469-476.

[15] Hussein F, Janat M, Yakoub A. Simulating cotton yield response to deficit irrigation with the FAO AquaCrop model. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2011, 9(4): 1319-1330.

[16] Karunaratne A S, Azam-Ali S N, Izzi G, Steduto P. Calibration and validation of FAO-AquaCrop model for irrigated and water deficient bambara groundnut. Experimental Agriculture, 2011, 47(3): 509-527.

[17] Zeleke K T, Luckett D, Cowley R. Calibration and testing of the FAO AquaCrop model for canola. Agronomy Journal, 2011, 103(6): 1610-1618.

[18] Kiptum C K, Kipkorir E C, Munyao T M. Application of AquaCrop model in deficit irrigation management of cabbages in Keiyo Highlands. International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, 2013, 5(7): 360-369.

[19] Stricevic R, Cosic M, Djurovic N, Pejic B, Maksimovic L. Assessment of the FAO AquaCrop model in the simulation of rainfed and supplementally irrigated maize, sugar beet and sunflower. Agricultural Water Management, 2011, 98(10): 1615-1621.

[20] Jin X L, Feng H K, Zhu X K, Li Z H, Song S N, Song X Y, Yang G J, Xu X G, Guo W S. Assessment of the AquaCrop model for use in simulation of irrigated winter wheat canopy cover, biomass, and grain yield in the North China Plain. PloS One, 2014, 9(1): e86938.

[21] 杜文勇, 何雄奎, 胡振方, 曾爱军. 冬小麦生物量和产量的 AquaCrop 模型预测. 农业机械学报, 2011, 42(4): 174-178.

Du W Y, He X K, Hu Z F, Zeng A J. Yield and biomass prediction testing of AquaCrop model for winter wheat. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2011, 42(4): 174-178. (in Chinese)

[22] 项艳. AquaCrop模型在华北地区夏玉米生产中的应用研究[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2009.

Xiang Y. AquaCrop model application of summer maize planting in North China[D]. Taian: Shandong Agricultural University, 2009. (in Chinese)

[23] 李会, 刘钰, 蔡甲冰, 毛晓敏. AquaCrop 模型的适用性及应用初探. 灌溉排水学报, 2011, 30(3): 28-33.

Li H, Liu Y, Cai J B, Mao X M. The applicability and application of AquaCrop model. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2011, 30(3): 28-33. (in Chinese)

[24] 李子忠, 徐洋, 卢宪菊, 胡克林, 江丽华, 徐钰. AquaCrop 模型在大葱生物量和土壤贮水量模拟中的应用和验证. 中国农业大学学报, 2011, 16(4): 59-66.

Li Z Z, Xu Y, Lu X J, Hu K L, Jiang L H, Xu Y. Evaluation of the AquaCrop model for simulating biomass for Chinese green onion and soil water storage. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2011, 16(4): 59-66. (in Chinese)

[25] 付驰, 李双双, 李晶, 王泳超, 芦玉双, 许为政, 魏湜. AquaCrop 作物模型在松嫩平原春麦区的校正和验证. 灌溉排水学报, 2012, 31(5): 99-102.

Fu C, Li S S, Li J, Wang Y C, Lu Y S, Xu W Z, Wei S. Calibration and validation of AquaCrop model in spring wheat region of Songnei Plain. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2012, 31(5): 99-102. (in Chinese)

[26] 李玥, 牛俊义, 郭丽琢, 高珍妮, 孙小花. AquaCrop 模型在西北胡麻生物量及产量模拟中的应用和验证. 中国生态农业学报, 2014, 1: 15.

Li Y, Niu J Y, Guo L Z, Gao Z N, Sun X H. Application and validation of AquaCrop model in simulating biomass and yield of oil flax in Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2014, 1: 15. (in Chinese)

[27] 朱秀芳, 李宜展, 潘耀忠, 史培军. AquaCrop 作物模型研究和应用进展. 中国农学通报, 2014, 30(8): 270-278.

Zhu X F, Li Y Z, Pan Y Z, Shi P J. A review on the research and application of AquaCrop model. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2014, 30(8): 270-278. (in Chinese)

[28] Otter-Nacke S, Godwin D C, Richie J T. Testing and validating the CERES-Wheat model in diverse environments. AgRISTARS Yield model development USDA-ARS Temple, TX, 1986.

[29] Supit I, Hooijer A A, Van Diepen C A. System Description of the Wofost 6.0 Crop Simulation Model Implemented in CGM. Joint research centre; European commission, 1994.

[30] Mckee T B, Doesken N J, Kleist J. The Relationship of Drought Frequency and Duration to Time Scales. American Meteorological Society Boston, MA, 1993.

[31] Raes D, Munoz G. The ETo Calculator. Reference Manual Version. 2009, 3.

[32] 宋明丹, 冯浩, 李正鹏, 高建恩. 基于 Morris 和 EFAST 的 CERES-Wheat 模型敏感性分析. 农业机械学报, 2014, 10: 20.

Song M D, Feng H, Li Z P, Gao J E. Global sensitivity analyses of DSSAT-CERES-wheat model using morris and EFAST methods. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2014, 10: 20. (in Chinese)

[33] 王瑞华, 武月梅, 姜太昌，马桂敏, 杨静, 史策. 北部冬麦区低温冻害对小麦生长发育的影响及应对措施. 农业科技通讯, 2014(5): 158-160.

Wang R H, Wu Y M, Jiang T C, Ma G M, Yang J, Shi C. The effect of Cryogenic freezing injury on wheat growth and development in northern winter wheat district and the response measures. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2014(5): 158-160. (in Chinese)

[34] 韩惠芳, 李全起, 董宝娣, 刘孟雨. 灌溉频次和时期对冬小麦籽粒产量及品质特性的影响. 生态学报, 2010, 30(6): 1548-1555.

Han H F, Li Q Q, Dong B D, Liu M Y. Effects of irrigation frequency and stages on grain yield and quality characteristics of winter wheat. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(6): 1548-1555. (in Chinese)

[35] 李全起, 沈加印, 赵丹丹. 灌溉频率对冬小麦产量及叶片水分利用效率的影响. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27(3): 33-36.

Li Q Q, Shen J Y, Zhao D D. Effect of irrigation frequency on yield and leaf water use efficiency of winter wheat. Transaction of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2011, 27(3): 33-36. (in Chinese)