冬小麦生育期内土壤氮素的时空变异

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.20.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究冬小麦生育期内土壤溶液中硝态氮及铵态氮的时空变化特征及变量追肥对其含量变化的影响，以期为田间作物的栽培与管理提供参考依据。【方法】以国家精准农业研究示范基地2013—2014年小麦试验为例，采用常规统计分析与地统计分析两种方法分别探索土壤溶液中硝态氮与铵态氮在时间序列上的变化特征及空间结构特征，并采用普通克里金插值法获取硝态氮与铵态氮空间分布图，最终比较分析了冬小麦生育期内硝态氮与铵态氮的空间变化规律。【结果】通过常规统计分析发现冬小麦起身期至收获期内，土壤溶液中铵态氮含量受追肥影响不明显，整体呈降低趋势，而硝态氮含量受追肥影响，呈先降低后升高又降低的趋势；在起身、拔节、开花与灌浆期，不同追肥处理间铵态氮的变化没有显著差异，在收获期，D、S处理与其他不同处理间有显著或极显著差异；硝态氮的变化在起身与开花期，不同处理间没有显著差异，在拔节期，BH处理与其他各处理间均有极显著差异；在灌浆期，CK处理与T处理、D处理、S处理间均有极显著差异；在收获期，D处理与其他各处理间有显著或极显著差异。通过地统计分析发现起身、拔节、收获期的铵态氮空间分布均一度较高，连续性强，空间自相关性好，而开花、灌浆期其空间分布差异较大，受随机因素影响严重；拔节、灌浆、收获期的硝态氮空间分布连续性强，均一度高，空间自相关性好，而起身、开花期其空间分布差异较大，空间自相关性较弱。分析对比硝态氮与铵态氮的空间插值图发现硝态氮在起身与拔节期，试验区北部含量低于南部，到开花与灌浆期整个试验区硝态氮含量普遍较高，到收获期变为北部含量高于南部；铵态氮在起身期，试验区北部含量低于南部且由北往南含量逐渐升高呈条带状分布，到开花与灌浆期其空间分布差异较大，到收获期北部含量明显高于南部。【结论】变量追肥对于铵态氮的变化趋势没有影响，提高了硝态氮含量且主要发生在开花期，同一生育期内不同处理之间对于它们含量的变化是有差异的。

关键词: 土壤溶液, 硝态氮, 铵态氮, 变量追肥, 时空变异

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study’s aim was to explore the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in a soil solution within the growth stage of winter wheat, and to analyze the influence on the change of their content under variable topdressing treatments, in order to provide references for the cultivation and management of field crops. 【Method】To take the 2013-2014 year winter wheat experiment at National Precision Agriculture Experimental Station as an example, two methods including conventional statistics and geostatistics were respectively used to explore the variation characteristics of the time series and spatial structure characteristics of the ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, making the interpolation charts of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen with ordinary kriging interpolation, and finally analyzing the spatial variation rules of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in a whole growth stage of winter wheat. 【Result】Through the conventional statistic analysis: From the upstage to the harvest stage of winter wheat, the ammonium nitrogen content in soil solution was not obviously influenced by topdressing and had a decreasing trend while the nitrate nitrogen content was influenced by topdressing, and the performance for that change was first a decrease then an increase and decrease; The change of ammonium nitrogen had no difference between different topdressing treatments in the up, jointing, flowering, and filling stages, and has a significant or great significant difference between the D treatment, S treatment, and others in the harvest stage; while that of nitrate nitrogen made no difference between different treatments in the up and flowering stages, and showed a great significant difference between the BH treatment and others in the jointing stage, and showed a great significant difference between the CK and T, D, and S treatments in the filling stage, and showed a significant or great significant difference between the D treatment and others in the harvest stage. Through the geostatistics analysis: The spatial distribution of ammonium nitrogen showed more even, continuous, and higher spatial autocorrelation in the up, jointing, and harvest stages, and showed larger differences and more serious influences by random factors in the flowering and filling stages while that of nitrate nitrogen showed a more even, continuous, and higher spatial autocorrelation in the jointing, filling, and harvest stages, and showed larger differences and a lower spatial autocorrelation in the up and flowering stages. Through analyzing the spatial interpolation charts of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the north of experimental area was lower than that in the south in the up and jointing stages, and showed high in the whole experimental area in the flowering and filling stages, and then became higher in the north of the experimental area than that in the south in the harvest stage, while that of ammonium nitrogen in the north of experimental area was lower than that in the south in the up stage, showed a rising trend gradually from the north to the south in the experimental area, and had a strip distribution. In the flowering and filling stages, its spatial distribution had a big difference, in the harvest stage the content of ammonium nitrogen in the north of the experimental area was obviously higher than that in the south. 【Conclusion】Variable topdressing has no influence on the change of ammonium nitrogen and increases the content of nitrate nitrogen in the flowering stage, and there exists something different in changing their content between different treatments within one growth stage.

Key words: soil solution, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, variable topdressing, temporal and spatial variation

马亚斌，宋晓宇，杨贵军，王仁红，全斌，竞霞，刘晓. 冬小麦生育期内土壤氮素的时空变异[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(20): 4086-4099.

MA Ya-bin, SONG Xiao-yu, YANG Gui-jun, WANG Ren-hong, QUAN Bin, JING Xia, LIU Xiao. Temporal and Spatial Variation of Soil Nitrogen Within Growth Stage of Winter Wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(20): 4086-4099.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.20.010

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2015/V48/I20/4086

参考文献

[1] 袁红梅. 氮素形态对小麦矿质营养吸收和氮素代谢相关酶类活性的影响[D]. 济南：山东大学, 2011.

Yuan H M. Effect of nitrogen forms on nutrient absorption and enzymes activity of wheat seedlings[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2011. (in Chinese)

[2] 陆景陵. 植物营养学 (第2版). 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2003.

Lu J L. Plant Nutrition(second edition). Beijing: China Agriculture University Press, 2003. (in Chinese)

[3] 陈宝, 颜朝阳, 范迪富, 黄顺生. 用土壤溶液提取器采集土壤溶液方法与效果. 江苏地质, 2004, 28(3): 151-154.

Chen B, Yan C Y, Fan D F, Huang S S. Method and effect of soil solution collection by soil solution extractor. Jiangsu Geology, 2004, 28(3): 151-154. (in Chinese)

[4] 同延安. 氮肥与环境//冯峰. 植物营养研究—进展与展望. 北京：中国农业大学出版社，2001:207-215.

Tong Y A. Nitrogen fertilizer and environment//Feng F. Study on Plant Nutrition- Progress and Prospect. Beijing: China Agriculture University Press, 2001: 207-215. (in Chinese)

[5] Zhu Z L, Chen D L. Nitrogen fertilizer use in China–Contributions to food production, impacts on the environment and best management strategies. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2002, 63(2): 117-127.

[6] 吕贻忠, 李保国, 崔燕. 不同植被群落下土壤有机质和速效磷的小尺度空间变异. 中国农业科学, 2006, 39(8): 1581-1588.

Lü Y Z, Li B G, Cui Y. Micro-scale spatial variance of soil nutrients under different plant communities. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2006, 39(8): 1581-1588. (in Chinese)

[7] Gudmundsson T, Björnsson H, Thorvaldsson G. Organic carbon accumulation and pH changes in an Andic Gleysol under a long-term fertilizer experiment in Iceland. Catena, 2004, 56: 213-224.

[8] 石祖梁, 殷美, 荆奇, 姜东, 曹卫星. 冬小麦冠层氮素垂直分布特征及其与籽粒蛋白质的关系. 麦类作物学报, 2009, 29(2): 289-293.

Shi Z L, Yin M, Jing Q, Jiang D, Cao W X. Vertical distribution of canopy nitrogen and its relationship with grain protein in winter wheat. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2009, 29(2): 289-293. (in Chinese)

[9] 马兴华, 于振文, 梁晓芳, 颜红, 史桂萍. 施氮量和底施追施比例对土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量时空变化的影响. 应用生态学报, 2006, 17(4): 630-634.

Ma X H, Yu Z W, Liang X F, Yan H, Shi G P. Effects of nitrogen application rate and its basal-/ top-dressing ratio on spatio-temporal variations of soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(4): 630-634. (in Chinese)

[10] 戴明宏, 陶洪斌, 王利纳, 夏来坤, 梁哲军, 王璞. 华北平原春玉米种植体系中土壤无机氮的时空变化及盈亏. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2008,14(3): 417-423.

Dai M H, Tao H B, Wang L N, Xia L K, Liang Z J, Wang P. Spatial-temporal dynamics of soil mineral nitrogen and balance analysis during spring maize season. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2008, 14(3): 417-423. (in Chinese)

[11] 金喜军, 马春梅, 董守坤, 李姚, 龚振平. 大豆生育期间土壤铵态氮与硝态氮变化及相关性分析. 东北农业大学学报, 2007, 38(3): 289-293.

Jin X J, Ma C M, Dong S K, Li Y, Gong Z P. Change of content of nitrate nitrogen ammonium nitrogen in the soil and correlative analysis during the growing season of soybean. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2007, 38(3): 289-293. (in Chinese)

[12] 刘庆芳, 吕家珑, 李松龄, 盛海彦, 李宁, 王艳萍, 王晋民, 朱春来. 不同种植年限蔬菜大棚土壤中硝态氮时空变异研究. 干旱地区农业研究, 2011, 29(2): 159-163.

Liu Q F, Lü J L, Li S L, Sheng H Y, Li N, Wang Y P, Wang J M, Zhu C L. The spatio-temporal variation of nitric nitrogen in protected vegetable soils in different years of cultivation. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2011, 29(2): 159-163. (in Chinese)

[13] Ozgoz E, Gunal H, Acir N, Gokmen F, Birol M, Budak M. Soil quality and spatial variability assessment of land use effects in a typic haplustoll. Land Degradation & Development, 24(3): 277-286.

[14] Burrough P A. Soil Variability: A late 20th century view. Soils and Fertilizers, 1993, 56(5): 529-562.

[15] Stark C H E, Condron L M, Stewart A. Small-scale spatial variability of selected soil biological properties. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2004, 36: 601-608.

[16] 杨玉玲, 文启凯, 田长彦, 盛建东, 刘军, 郭文君, 袁永胜. 土壤空间变异研究现状及展望. 干旱区研究, 2001, 18(2): 50-55.

Yang Y L, Wen Q K, Tian C Y, Sheng J D, Liu J, Guo W J, Yuan Y S. The status quo and prospect of spatial variability of soil. Arid Zone Research, 2001, 18(2): 50-55. (in Chinese)

[17] 杨玉玲, 田长彦, 盛建东, 文启凯. 灌淤土壤有机质、全量氮磷钾空间变异性初探. 干旱地区农业研究, 2002, 20(3): 26-30.

Yang Y L, Tian C Y, Sheng J D, Wen Q K. Spatial variability of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in cotton field. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2002, 20(3): 26-30. (in Chinese)

[18] 王政权. 地统计学及其在生态学中的应用: 第1版. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999: 35-149.

Wang Z Q. Geostatistics and Application in Ecology: first edition. Beijing: Science Press, 1999: 35-149. (in Chinese)

[19] Burgess T M, Webster R. Optimal interpolation and isarithm mapping of soil properties I: The semi-variogram and punctual Kriging. Journal Soil Science, 1980, 31: 315-331.

[20] 姜城, 杨丽萍, 金继运, 张维理. 土壤养分变异与合理取样数量. 植物营养和肥料学报, 2001,7(3): 262-270.

Jiang C, Yang L P, Jin J Y, Zhang W L. Soil nutrients variability and rational sampling quantity. Plant Nutrients and Fertilizer Science, 2001, 7(3): 262-270. (in Chinese)

[21] 赵良菊, 肖洪浪, 郭天文, 赖丽芳, 杨文玉, 包兴国. 甘肃省河西灌漠土微量元素的空间变异特征. 水土保持学报, 2004, 18(5): 27-34.

Zhao L J, Xiao H L, Guo T W, Lai L F, Yang W Y, Bao X G. Spatial variability of trace elements of irrigated desert soil in Zhangye and Wuwei, Gansu Province. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2004,18(5): 27-34. (in Chinese)

[22] Raffaele C, Ammamaria C. Analysis of spatial relationships between soil and crop variables in a durum wheat field using a multivariate geostatistical approach. European Journal of Agronomy, 2008, 28: 331-342.

[23] 崔贝, 王纪华, 杨武德, 陈立平, 黄文江, 郭建华, 宋晓宇, 冯美臣. 冬小麦-夏玉米轮作区土壤养分时空变化特征. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(12): 2471-2482.

Cui B, Wang J H, Yang W D, Chen L P, Huang W J, Guo J H, Song X Y, Feng M C. Analysis of temporal and spatial variation of soil nutrients in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation field. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(12): 2471-2482. (in Chinese)

[24] 陈立平. 精准农业变量施肥理论与试验研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2003.

Chen L P. Theoretical and experimental studies on variable-rate fertilization in precision farming[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2003. (in Chinese)

[25] Cambardella C A, Moorman T B, Novak J M, Parkin T B, Karlen D L, Turco R F, Konopka A E. Field-scale variability of soil properties in central lowa soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1994, 58, 1501-1511.

[26] 徐英, 蔡守华. 冬小麦生育期内农田土壤速效养分的时空变异研究. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2009, 40(3): 296-300.

Xu Y, Cai S H. The spatio-temporal variability of soil available nutrients at field scale during the growing season of winter wheat. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2009, 40(3): 296-300. (in Chinese)

[27] 赵彦峰, 史学正, 于东升, 黄标, 王洪杰, 赵永存. 小尺度土壤养分的空间变异及其影响因素探讨—以江苏省无锡市典型城乡交错区为例. 土壤通报, 2006, 37(2): 214-219.

Zhao Y F, Shi X Z, Yu D S, Huang B, Wang H J, Zhao Y C. Spatial variation of soil nutrients and its affecting factors at small scale-a case study of Peri-urban areas in Wuxi Jiangsu Province. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2006, 37(2): 214-219. (in Chinese)

[28] 李荣, 何兴东, 张宁, 邬畏. 沙丘固定过程中土壤铵态氮和硝态氮的时空变化. 土壤学报, 2010, 47(2): 295-302.

Li R, He X D, Zhang N, Wu W. Temporal-spatial variation of soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in sand dune fixing process. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2010, 47(2): 295-302. (in Chinese)

[29] 宋海星, 李生秀. 根系的吸收作用及土壤水分对硝态氮、铵态氮分布的影响. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(1): 96-101.

Song H X, Li S X. Effects of root uptake function and soil water on nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen distribution. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2005, 38(1): 96-101. (in Chinese)

[30] 黄明蔚, 刘敏, 陆敏, 侯立军, 欧冬妮, 林啸. 稻麦轮作农田系统中氮素渗漏流失的研究. 环境科学学报, 2007, 27(4): 629-636.

Huang M W, Liu M, Lu M, Hou L J, Ou D N, Lin X. Study on the nitrogen leaching in the paddy-wheat rotation agroecosystem. Acta Scientiae Circum Stantiae, 2007, 27(4): 629-636. (in Chinese)

[31] 钦绳武, 刘芷宇. 不同形态的肥料氮在根际的迁移规律. 土壤学报, 1989, 26(2): 117-123.

Qin S W, Liu Z Y. Distribution of different fertilizer-N in rhizosphere soil. Acta Pedologcica Sinica, 1989, 26(2): 117-123. (in Chinese)

[32] 施卫明, 徐梦熊, 刘芷宇. 土壤-植物根系微区养分状况的研究—Ⅳ. 电子探针制样方法的比较及其应用. 土壤学报, 1987, 24(3): 287-293.

Shi W M, Xu M X, Liu Z Y. The nutrient status of soil-root interface–study on sample preparation procedure for electron microprobe and its application. Acta Pedologcica Sinica, 1987, 24(3): 287-293. (in Chinese)

[33] Barber S A. A diffusion and mass flow concept of soil nutrient availability. Soil Science, 1962, (93): 39-49.

[34] 席永慧, 仁杰, 胡中熊. 污染物离子在粘土介质中扩散系数的测定. 同济大学学报, 2003, 31(5): 595-599.

Xi Y H, Ren J, Hu Z X. Determination of diffusion coefficients of contaminant lons in clay soil. Journal of Tongji University, 2003, 31(5): 595-599. (in Chinese)

[35] 秦晓东, 戴廷波, 荆奇, 姜东, 曹卫星. 冬小麦叶片氮含量时空分布及其与植株氮营养状况的关系. 作物学报, 2006, 32(11): 1717-1722.

Qin X D, Dai T B, Jing Q, Jiang D, Cao W X. Temporal and spatial distribution of leaf nitrogen content and its relationship with plant nitrogen status in winter wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2006, 32(11): 1717-1722. (in Chinese)

[36] 王之杰, 王纪华, 黄文江, 马智红, 赵明. 冬小麦冠层不同叶层和茎鞘氮素与籽粒品质关系的研究. 中国农业科学, 2003, 36(12): 1462-1468.

Wang Z J, Wang J H, Huang W J, Ma Z H, Zhao M. Studies on the nitrogen state of leaf culm and sheath at different layers in canopy and their relationship with grain quality in winter wheat. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2003, 36(12): 1462-1468. (in Chinese)

[37] 石祖梁, 殷美, 荆奇, 姜东, 曹卫星, 戴廷波. 冬小麦冠层氮素垂直分布特征及其与籽粒蛋白质的关系. 麦类作物学报, 2009, 29(2): 289-293.

Shi Z L, Yin M, Jing Q, Jiang D, Cao W X, Dai T B. Vertical distribution of canopy nitrogen and its relationship with grain protein in winter wheat. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2009, 29(2): 289-293. (in Chinese)

[38] 王纪华, 王之杰, 黄文江, 马智红, 刘良云, 赵春江. 冬小麦冠层氮素的垂直分布及光谱响应. 遥感学报, 2004, 8(4): 309-316.

Wang J H, Wang Z J, Huang W J, Ma Z H, Liu L Y, Zhao C J. The vertical distribution characteristic and spectral response of canopy nitrogen in different layer of winter wheat. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2004, 8(4): 309-316. (in Chinese)

[39] 王之杰, 王纪华, 马智宏, 黄文江赵春江, 赵明. 冬小麦冠层氮素及硝酸还原酶活性的垂直分布. 麦类作物学报, 2004, 24(1): 31-34.

Wang Z J, Wang J H, Ma Z H, Huang W J, Zhao C J, Zhao M. Vertical distribution of nitrogen and NRA in canopy of winter wheat. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2004, 24(1): 31-34. (in Chinese)

[40] Richter J. The Soil as a Reactor. West Germany: Catena Verlag, 1987: 61-68.