光照时间和环境温度对种鹅繁殖系统及相关激素mRNA表达、分泌的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.13.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究光照时间和环境温度对扬州鹅种鹅繁殖系统及相关激素mRNA表达、分泌的影响，探明光照时间和环境温度对种鹅繁殖机能的作用特点。【方法】取接受自然光照且日照时长逐渐缩短的200日龄种鹅作为试验对象，试验初期日照时长约为9.7 h·d^-1、气温5℃左右。采用2×3完全随机试验设计，设2个温度处理（0—5℃、25—30℃）和3个光照时间处理（8、12、16 h），其中光照时间处理在正常白昼基础上进行增减，将120只成年母鹅随机分至6个处理组，每个处理组20只，全封闭饲养，自由采食、饮水。试验第30天，从每个处理随机取5只鹅翅静脉采血3 mL，用于测定相关激素指标，同时从每个处理中随机取3只鹅，屠宰，取下丘脑和垂体速冻、超低温保存，用于测定相关基因表达量；分离生殖系统，进行重量或长度测定，同时取输卵管膨大部制作组织切片。【结果】①16 h光照处理组种鹅血清促黄体素（LH）浓度显著高于8 h和12 h光照处理组（P＜0.05），16 h光照处理组种鹅血清催乳素（PRL）浓度显著高于12 h光照处理组（P＜0.05）。高温（25—30℃）处理组种鹅血清PRL浓度显著高于低温（0—5℃）组（P＜0.05）。光照时间和环境温度处理对种鹅血清LH、PRL和雌二醇（E₂）浓度的影响存在显著互作效应（P＜0.05）。②12 h光照处理组种鹅卵巢指数、卵泡指数均显著大于16 h光照处理组（P＜0.05），8 h光照处理组种鹅卵泡数显著大于16 h光照处理组（P＜0.05），12 h光照处理组种鹅输卵管长显著大于8 h、16 h光照处理组（P＜0.05）；环境温度对种鹅卵巢指数、卵泡指数、卵泡数、输卵管指数和输卵管长未产生显著影响（P＞0.05）。③8、12 h光照处理组和高温处理组种鹅的输卵管膨大部颜色鲜红，假复层柱状上皮和固有层均较厚，皱褶明显，分泌腺丰富；16 h光照处理组、低温处理组种鹅的输卵管膨大部颜色暗红，假复层柱状上皮和固有层较薄，皱褶模糊，分泌腺较少。④16 h光照处理组种鹅垂体PRL基因表达量极显著高于8、12 h光照处理组（P＜0.01）。⑤光照时间与环境温度对种鹅生殖系统、激素基因表达影响的互作效应不显著（P＞0.05）。【结论】16 h长光照抑制了卵巢、卵泡的生长发育，12 h光照增长了输卵管的长度；16 h长光照提高了PRL基因的表达丰度。综合各方面的情况，长光照抑制了种鹅的繁殖机能，扬州鹅种鹅的最适光照时间为12 h。高温提高了种鹅血清LH、PRL浓度，低温影响了输卵管组织结构，故种鹅饲养期间要适当控温，尽量避免种鹅暴露于极端温度环境。

关键词: 光照, 温度, 种鹅, 生殖激素, 繁殖机能

Abstract: 【Objective】The experiment was conducted to study the effects of illumination time and ambient temperature treatments on reproductive system and gene expression and secretion of hormone in breeding Yangzhou geese, so that the functional characteristics of illumination time and ambient temperature could be preliminarily discovered. 【Method】 The geese of 200-day-old and receiving gradually decreased natural sunlight were selected as experimental animals. At the beginning of experiment, the sunlight time was 9.7 h a day, and the ambient temperature was about 5℃. Treatments were assigned in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (2 × 3) including 2 levels of ambient temperature (0-5℃, 25-30℃) and 3 levels of illumination time (8 h, 12 h, 16 h). The illumination increased and decreased based on the natural day. In this study 120 adult female geese were randomly assigned to 6 groups with 20 birds each. Feed and water were freely available. On day 30, 5 geese of each treatment were taken randomly to collect 3 mL blood sample from wing venous for determination of related hormone indexes. At the same time, 3 geese of each treatment were got randomly to be slaughtered and hypothalamus and pituitary were collected quick-freezed and then conserved in ultra-low-temperature storage for determination of related gene expression. The reproductive system was separated to determine weight or length, simultaneously oviduct magnums were taken for tissue slice. 【Result】Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) in 16 h illumination treatments were significantly more than those in 8 h and 12 h illumination treatments (P＜0.05). Serum concentrations of prolactin (PRL) in 16 h illumination treatments were significantly more than those in 12 h illumination treatments (P＜0.05). Serum concentrations of PRL in high temperature treatments (25-30℃) were significantly higher than those in low temperature treatments (0-5℃) (P＜0.05). There were significant interactions on serum concentrations of LH, PRL and estradiol (E₂) between illumination time and ambient temperature (P＜0.05). The ovary index and follicle index of 12 h illumination treatments were significantly more than those of 16 h illumination treatments (P＜0.05). The follicle number of 8 h illumination treatments was significantly more than that of 16 h illumination treatments (P＜0.05). The oviduct length of 12 h illumination treatments was significantly more than those of 8 h and 16 h illumination treatments (P＜0.05), and the oviduct index of high temperature treatments was significantly higher than that of low temperature treatments (P＜0.05). There were no significant effects on ovary index, follicle index, follicle number, oviduct index and oviduct length under different ambient temperatures (P＞0.05). The oviduct magnum of 8 h and 12 h illumination treatments and the high temperature treatments showed scarlet. In addition, the pseudostratified columnar epithelium and lamina propria were thicker, morever their rugas were obvious, and the secretory glands were rich. However, the oviduct magnum of 16 h illumination treatments and the low temperature treatments showed dull red. Their pseudostratified columnar epithelium and lamina propria were obviously thinner, furthermore rugas were fuzzy, and the secretory glands were less. Relative expression quantity of PRL gene of 16 h illumination treatments was significantly higher than that of 8 h and 12 h illumination treatments (P＜0.05). There were no interactions on reproductive system, mRNA expression and secretion of hormone in breeding geese (P＞0.05). 【Conclusion】Long time illumination of 16 h suppressed growth of ovarian and follicle, and illumination of 12 h increased oviduct length. Long time illumination of 16 h increased expression abundance of PRL gene. Therefore, long illumination time depressed reproductive function, and the optimum illumination time of geese was 12 h. High temperature increased serum concentration of LH and PRL, and the organization structure of breeding geese were affected by low temperature, so the ambient temperature should be controlled, and the breeding geese need to avoid being raised in the extreme temperature environment.

Key words: illumination, ambient temperature, breeding goose, reproductive hormone, reproductive system

杨海明，巨晓军，王志跃，丁家桐，王信喜，陈永华. 光照时间和环境温度对种鹅繁殖系统及相关激素mRNA表达、分泌的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(13): 2635-2644.

YANG Hai-ming, JU Xiao-jun, WANG Zhi-yue, DING Jia-tong, WANG Xin-xi, CHEN Yong-hua. Effects of Illumination Time and Ambient Temperature on Reproductive System and Gene Expression and Secretion of Hormone in Breeding Geese[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(13): 2635-2644.

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