中国农业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 1074-1083.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.06.04

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

冬小麦-夏玉米生产体系中播前耕作对夏玉米产量形成的影响

李霞,任佰朝,范霞,赵斌,董树亭,刘鹏,张吉旺   

  1. 山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2014-04-17 出版日期:2015-03-16 发布日期:2015-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 张吉旺,Tel:0538-8245838;E-mail:jwzhang@sdau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李霞,E-mail:bflixia@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家“973”计划(2015CB150404)、山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-01-022-05)、公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103003)

Effects of Tillage Before Sowing of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize on Yield Formation of Summer Maize

LI Xia, REN Bai-zhao, FAN Xia, ZHAO Bin, DONG Shu-ting, LIU Peng, ZHANG Ji-wang   

  1. Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, Shandong
  • Received:2014-04-17 Online:2015-03-16 Published:2015-03-16

摘要: 【目的】黄淮海夏玉米区是典型的一年两熟制种植制度区,统筹研究冬小麦和夏玉米播前耕作对夏玉米产量形成的影响,为冬小麦夏玉米周年高产高效生产耕作模式的改进提供科学依据。【方法】以郑单958(ZD958)为试验材料,设置冬小麦播前旋耕夏玉米播前免耕(RN)、冬小麦播前翻耕夏玉米播前免耕(MN)与冬小麦播前翻耕夏玉米播前旋耕(MR)3个试验处理,其中RN作为对照(CK),研究冬小麦和夏玉米播前耕作对夏玉米产量及其构成因素、叶面积指数、干物质积累与分配和籽粒灌浆特性等的影响。【结果】冬小麦与夏玉米播前耕作均对夏玉米产量影响显著。与RN相比,MN和MR处理夏玉米的叶面积指数、花后干物质积累量、花后干物质积累所占比例、籽粒最大灌浆速率分别提高15.01%、21.14%、3.21%、15.00%和16.44%、24.92%、4.49%、12.60%,即冬小麦播前翻耕提高了夏玉米叶面积指数、花后干物质积累及其向籽粒分配比例和籽粒最大灌浆速率,进而提高穗粒数与粒重,有利于产量提高。与RN相比,MN和MR处理的产量分别提高24.03%和30.61%。夏玉米播前旋耕对干物质向籽粒分配比例,籽粒灌浆速率无显著影响,但显著提高了出苗率,进而增加群体数量,提高产量;与MN相比,MR处理的出苗率提高6.29%,这是其产量较MN提高5.23%的主要原因。【结论】与冬小麦播前旋耕夏玉米播前免耕(RN)相比,冬小麦播前翻耕夏玉米播前旋耕(MR)与冬小麦播前翻耕和夏玉米免耕(MN)均显著提高夏玉米的产量。尽管冬小麦播前翻耕夏玉米播前旋耕(MR)的产量较冬小麦播前翻耕和夏玉米免耕(MN)高5.23%,但结合生产实际,冬小麦播前翻耕和夏玉米免耕播种(MN)更有利于该区域夏玉米的高产高效生产。

关键词: 冬小麦-夏玉米, 播前耕作, 干物质积累, 籽粒灌浆, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】A typical double cropping of winter wheat and summer maize is practiced in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. This study is to explore the effects of tillage methods before sowing both winter wheat and summer maize on yield formation of summer maize, to find which is helpful to improve the tillage system of double cropping for high yield and high efficiency in HuangHuaiHai Plain.【Method】Summer maize hybrid Zhengdan958 (ZD958) was used as experimental materials. Three tillage treatments were designed in this study, including rotary tillage before sowing winter wheat and no-till before sowing of summer maize (RN), conventional tillage (mobile tillage by plow) before sowing of winter wheat and no-till before sowing of summer maize (MN), and conventional tillage before sowing winter wheat and rotary tillage before sowing of summer maize (MR). Effects of tillage treatments on yield, leaf area index (LAI), accumulation and distribution of dry matter, and grain filling characteristics of summer maize were investigated.【Result】Results showed that tillage before sowing of both winter wheat and summer maize had significant effects on yield and yield components of summer maize. Compared with RN, LAI, dry matter (DM) accumulation after tasseling (VT), the ratio of DM after VT to total DM, and maximum grain filling rate (Gmax) in MR and MN increased by 15.01%, 21.14%, 3.21%, 15.00% and 16.44%, 24.92%, 4.49%, 12.60%, respectively. So DM accumulation, DM after tasseling (VT), distribution of DM to kernels, weight of maximum grain filling rate (Wmax) and Gmax increased significantly after conventional tillage before sowing of winter wheat. As a result, kernel number and weight per ear increased, thus grain yield increased. Compared with RN, grain yield in MR and MN increased by 30.61% and 24.03%, respectively. Rotary tillage before sowing of summer maize had no significant effects on DM accumulation after VT and growing rate of grains, however, the emergence rate of summer maize increased significantly, which increased ear number per planting area, thus grain yield increased. Compared with MN, the emergence rate of summer maize in MR increased by 6.29%, and grain yield increased by 5.23%.【Conclusion】Compared with RN, grain yield of MR and MN increased significantly. Though the yield in MR was higher than that in MN, taking grain yield and machinery costs into account, the tillage system of conventional tillage before sowing of winter wheat and no till before sowing of summer maize maybe helpful for high yield and high efficiency of summer maize production in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.

Key words: double cropping of winter wheat and summer maize, pre-planting tillage, dry matter accumulation, grain filling, grain yield