播期对麦茬直播粳稻产量及品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.15.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨麦后直播条件下播期对不同熟期类型水稻品种产量及品质的影响。【方法】以3种熟期类型的6个水稻品种为材料，通过分期播种试验，对不同播期条件下直播稻产量形成及品质性状进行分析。【结果】随着播期的推迟，3种熟期类型水稻品种产量均显著下降，且变化程度不一；产量的下降主要在于每穗颖花数和结实率的降低，穗数和千粒重变化不大。不同播期条件下直播稻的主要品质性状的变化规律在品种类型间有所异同：随着播期的推迟，产生相同效应的是外观品质和蒸煮与食味品质，但变化趋势不一，外观品质均呈变优的趋势，蒸煮与食味品质则呈变劣的趋势；产生不同效应的是加工品质和营养品质，推迟播期使中熟中粳和迟熟中粳类型品种的加工品质变优而营养品质变劣，早熟晚粳类型品种的加工品质变劣而营养品质变优。【结论】直播稻在前茬腾茬时间允许的条件下尽可能早播易取得高产，且可以改善稻米的蒸煮与食味品质，但降低了外观品质，播期对加工品质和营养品质的影响因品种熟期类型而异。

关键词: 直播稻, 播期, 产量, 品质性状

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of the study is to elucidate the effect of sowing date on grain yield and its quality of direct seeding rice. 【Method】 Taking six representative rice cultivars of three types as experimental materials, the yield formation and main rice quality traits of direct seeding rice growing under the conditions of different sowing date were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that along with the delayed sowing date, the yields of three types of rice cultivars were all significantly decreased, and the changing degree was different; the yield decreasing caused by the decline of spikelets per panicle and filled grain percentage, panicles and 1000-grain weight had a little change. The law of changing of main direct seeding rice quality traits between different types under the conditions of different sowing date showed some similarities and differences. Along with the delayed sowing date, the appearance quality and cooking and eating quality had the same effect, but the trend was different, appearance quality became better while cooking and eating quality became worse. Milling quality and nutrient quality had different effects, milling quality of the type of medium-maturing and late-maturing medium japonica rice became better but worse the nutrient quality, milling quality of the type of early-maturing late japonica rice became worse but better the nutrient quality. 【Conclusion】 The direct seeding rice should be sowed as early as the time for harvesting the previous crop allows to attain high yield and improve cooking and eating quality, but reduce the appearance quality. Effects of sowing date on milling quality and nutrient quality were different because of types and varieties.

Key words: Direct seeding rice, Sowing date, Yield, Rice quality trait

姚义, 霍中洋, 张洪程, 夏炎, 倪晓诚, 戴其根, 许轲, 魏海燕, 肖跃成, 王显. 播期对麦茬直播粳稻产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(15): 3098-3107.

YAO Yi, HUO Zhong-Yang, ZHANG Hong-Cheng, XIA Yan, NI Xiao-Cheng, DAI Qi-Gen, XU Ke, WEI Hai-Yan, XIAO Yue-Cheng, WANG Xian. Effects of Sowing Date on Yield and Quality of DirectSeeding Rice of Different Types and Varieties[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(15): 3098-3107.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.15.004

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2011/V44/I15/3098

参考文献

[1]周林杰, 罗兵前. 江苏省直播稻技术应用现状与对策. 江苏农业科学,2008(3):16-19.

Zhou L J, Luo B Q. Present situation and countermeasures of direct seeding rice technology application in Jiangsu Province. Jiangsu Agricultural Science, 2008(3):16-19.(in Chinese)

[2]张涛, 黄秀华, 贾军. 江淮地区直播稻生产现状及高产栽培措施. 农业科技通讯, 2008(4):91-93.

Zhang T, Huang X H, Jia J. Production status and high-yield cultivation measures of direct seeding rice in Jianghuai rejoin. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,2008(4):91-93.(in Chinese)

[3]张洪程, 李杰, 姚义, 霍中洋, 戴其根, 许轲, 杨波, 赵品恒, 魏海燕. 直播稻种植科学问题研究. 北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2009:1-3.

Zhang H C, Li J, Yao Y, Huo Z Y, Dai Q G, Xu K, Yang B, Zhao P H, Wei H Y. Scientific Issues Research of Direct Seeding Rice Cultivation. Beijing:China Agricultural Scientific and Technical Press,2009:1-3.(in Chinese)

[4]凌启鸿. 水稻群体质量理论与实践. 北京:中国农业出版社,1995:125-133.

Ling Q H. Theory and Practice of Rice Population Quality. Beijing: China Agricultural Press,1995:111-117. (in Chinese)

[5]张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 薛元龙, 吕贞龙. 偏迟熟水稻北移及配套高产栽培技术的研究. 江苏农学院学报, 1996,17(3): 51-56.

Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Xue Y L, Lv Z L. Study of late maturing rice moving north and matching high-yield cultivation techniques. Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural College, 1996, 17(3): 51-56.(in Chinese)

[6]杨文钰, 屠乃美. 作物栽培学各论. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2005: 39-40.

Yang W Y, Tu N M. All of Crop Cultivation. Beijing: China Agricultural Press,2005:39-40. (in Chinese)

[7]陈金龙, 陆凤珍, 周纪平, 庞雄, 卢雪忠, 徐义祥. 不同播期同期移栽对常优1号粳稻生长发育的影响. 江苏农业科学, 2003(5): 29-30.

Chen J L, Lu F Z, Zhou J P, Pang X, Lu X Z, Xu Y X. Effect of different sowing dates but same transplanting time on the growth and development of japonica Changyou 1. Jiangsu Agricultural Science, 2003(5):29-30.(in Chinese)

[8]张冬松, 饶鸣钿, 林玉棋, 胡启镔. 不同播种期对两优2186产量和品质的影响. 江西农业大学学报, 2003(增刊1):28-29.

Zhang D S, Rao M D, Lin Y Q, Hu Q B. Effects of different seeding time on the yield and quality of Liang-You 2186. Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University, 2003(S1):28-29.(in Chinese)

[9]王成瑷, 王伯伦, 张文香, 赵磊, 赵秀哲, 高连文. 栽培密度对水稻产量及品质的影响. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2004, 35(4):318-322.

Wang C A, Wang B L, Zhang W X, Zhao L, Zhao X Z, Gao L W. Effect of planting density on grain yield and quality of rice. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2004, 35(4):318-322.(in Chinese)

[10]郑根龙, 葛翔, 方守地, 张庆忠, 卢炳成. 杂交早稻不同播种期对生育期影响初报. 杂交水稻, 1998(增刊):56-57.

Zheng G L, Ge X, Fang S D, Zhang Q Z, Lu B C. Preliminary report of effect on the growth duration of early hybrid rice of different sowing date. Hybrid Rice, 1998(S):56-57.(in Chinese)

[11]丁长命, 邵达孚, 戈长水, 管耀祖, 杜如伟, 沈金潮. 单季粳杂“8优161”播期效应初探. 上海农业科技, 2001(2):22-25.

Ding C M, Shao D F, Ge C S, Guan Y Z, Du R W, Shen J C. Preliminary exploration of the effect on single cropping japonica hybrid “8 You 161” in different seeding date. Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology, 2001(2):22-25.(in Chinese)

[12]汪继发, 宋昌云, 吕孝林, 蒋欣, 宋长荣. 水稻丰两优1号分期播种对生育期及产量结构的影响. 安徽农业科学, 2002, 30(3): 369-372.

Wang J F, Song C Y, Lv X L, Jiang X, Song C R. Effect of seeding date on the growth duration and yield structure of Fengliangyou 1. Anhui Agricultural University, 2002, 30(3):369-372.(in Chinese)

[13]夏维陆. 双晚两系粳杂“70优04”播期试验初探. 安徽农业科学, 1999,27(1):22-26.

Xia W L. Preliminary exploration of seeding date test of two-line japonica hybrid ” 70 You 04”. Anhui Agricultural University,1999, 27(1):22-26.(in Chinese)

[14]谢正荣, 郭秧全, 沈小妹, 朱秀芳, 陈群, 景学义, 黄筱敏, 王吉方, 徐清华. 太湖农区水稻不同类型品种及播期对生育期与实产的影响初探. 上海农业学报, 2000,16(1):28-32.

Xie Z R, Guo Y Q, Shen X M, Zhu X F, Chen Q, Jing X Y, Huang X M, Wang J F, Xu Q H. Preliminary exploration of the effect on rice growth duration and harvest yield of different types and varieties and seeding date in Taihu Lake agricultural areas. Journal of Shanghai Agricultural University, 2000, 16(1):28-32.(in Chinese)

[15]赵新华, 段祥茂, 徐宗进, 王夫玉, 张洪程. 播期对不同类型粳稻品种产量构成因素的影响. 甘肃科学学报, 2001,13(4):51-54.

Zhao X H, Duan X M, Xu Z J, Wang F Y, Zhang H C. Effects of sowing date on the yield components of japonica rice in different types and varieties. Journal of Gansu Sciences, 2001, 13(4):51-54.(in Chinese)

[16]程方民, 钟连进. 不同气候生态条件下稻米品质性状的变异及主要影响因子分析. 中国水稻科学,2001,15(3):187-191.

Cheng F M, Zhong L J. Variation of rice quality traits under different climate conditions and it’s main affected factors. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2001, 15(3):187-191.(in Chinese)

[17]Han Y P, Xu M L, Liu X Y, Yan C J, Korban S S, Chen X L, Gu M H. Genes coding for starch branching enzymes are major contributors to starch viscosity characteristics in waxy rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Science, 2004, 166: 357-364.

[18]李秀芬, 贾燕, 黄元才, 臧鑫. 播栽期对水稻产量和产量构成因素及生育期的影响. 生态学杂志, 2004, 23(5):98-100.

Li X F, Jia Y, Huang Y C, Zang X. Effects of seeding time on grain yield, yield components and growth duration in different rice varieties. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2004, 23(5):98-100.(in Chinese)

[19]邱金美, 王金明, 徐辉, 任建萍, 黄婷, 曹兵. 高产、优质粳稻“南粳44”特征特性及栽培技术. 上海农业科技, 2009(2):29.

Qiu J M, Wang J M, Xu H, Ren J P, Huang T, Cao B. Characteristics and cultivation techniques of high-yield and high-quality japonica rice“nanjing 44”. Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology, 2009(2):29.(in Chinese)

[20]王夫玉, 张洪程. 播期对淮北粳稻产量构成因素的影响. 上海交通大学学报: 农业科学版, 2001, 19(3):211-215.

Wang F Y, Zhang H C. Effect of seeding time on yield component of japonica-type rice in Huaibei. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University: Agricultural Science, 2001, 19(3):211-215.(in Chinese)

[21]王夫玉, 张洪程, 赵新华, 段祥茂, 丁艳峰, 黄丕生, 鲁光荣, 王根球. 温光对水稻籽粒充实度影响. 中国农业科学, 2001, 34(4): 396-402.

Wang F Y, Zhang H C, Zhao X H, Duan X M, Ding Y F, Huang P S, Lu G R, Wang G Q. Study on the effects of temperature and illumination on grade of filled grain in rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2001, 34(4):396-402.(in Chinese)

[22]王夫玉, 张洪程, 戴其根, 赵新华, 段祥茂, 徐军, 霍中洋, 许轲. 水稻品种生境敏感性研究. 中国农业科学, 2001, 34(1):35-39.

Wang F Y, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Zhao X H, Duan X M, Xu J, Huo Z Y, Xu K. Study on environmental sensitivity of rice variety. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2001, 34(1):35-39.(in Chinese)

[23]马群, 张洪程, 戴其根, 魏海燕, 霍中洋, 许轲, 殷春渊, 杭杰, 张胜飞, 张庆. 生育类型与施氮水平对粳稻加工品质的影响. 作物学报, 2009, 35(7):1282-1289.

Ma Q, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Wei H Y, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Yin C Y, Hang J, Zhang S F, Zhang Q. Effects of nitrogen application rate and growth-development type on milling quality in japonica rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2009, 35(7):1282-1289.(in Chinese)

[24]秦阳, 蒋文春, 张城, 黄元财, 王伯伦. 不同水稻品种播期与品质的关系. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2004, 35(4):328-331.

Qin Y, Jiang W C, Zhang C, Huang Y C, Wang B L. Relationship between sowing date and quality traits in different rice varieties. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2004, 35(4): 328-331.(in Chinese)

[25]陈木莲, 吴元奇, 许良珠, 吴景强. 分期播种对早籼稻米品质影响的研究. 四川农业大学学报, 2004, 22(4):306-312.

Chen M L, Wu Y Q, Xu L Z, Wu J Q. Effects of interval sowing on rice quality of early indica. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2004, 22(4):306-312.(in Chinese)