不同光质对大麦加速生长和光合特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.004

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (8): 1639-1652.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

不同光质对大麦加速生长和光合特性的影响

李志威¹^,²(), 王子琪²^,³, 高亚蒙², 高润红⁴, 陈雪², 杨铸²^,⁵, 阚文杰²^,⁵, 蹇双灵², 严胜男², 汤才国¹^,²^,⁵^,^*(), 吴丽芳¹^,²^,³^,⁵^,^*()

¹ 安徽大学物质科学与信息技术研究院，合肥 230601
² 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院离子束生物工程与绿色农业研究中心，合肥 230031
³ 安徽医科大学基础医学院，合肥 230032
⁴ 上海市农业科学院生物技术研究所/上海市农业遗传育种重点实验室，上海 201106
⁵ 中国科学技术大学研究生院科学岛分院，合肥 230026

收稿日期:2025-09-09 接受日期:2026-02-22 出版日期:2026-04-16 发布日期:2026-04-21
通信作者:
汤才国，E-mail：cgtang@ipp.ac.cn。
吴丽芳，E-mail：lfwu@ipp.ac.cn
联系方式: 李志威，E-mail：1269344077@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-05-01A-02); 安徽省重点研究与开发计划农业科技领域项目(2023n06020028); 中国科学技术大学学生创新创业和成果转化行动计划(XY2024G022)

Effects of Different Light Quality on Growth Acceleration and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Barley

LI ZhiWei¹^,²(), WANG ZiQi²^,³, GAO YaMeng², GAO RunHong⁴, CHEN Xue², YANG Zhu²^,⁵, KAN WenJie²^,⁵, JIAN ShuangLing², YAN ShengNan², TANG CaiGuo¹^,²^,⁵^,^*(), WU LiFang¹^,²^,³^,⁵^,^*()

¹ Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601
² The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031
³ School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032
⁴ Biotech Research Institute/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106
⁵ Graduate School Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026

Received:2025-09-09 Accepted:2026-02-22 Published:2026-04-16 Online:2026-04-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究不同光质组合对大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）生长发育、光合生理特性、关键开花基因表达和单株籽粒形成的影响，以优化光质配比，实现一年多代的育种技术配置，推动快速育种技术在大麦中的应用。【方法】在人工可控环境条件下，对春性二棱啤酒大麦品种花22和盐麦3号在6种LED光谱组合下进行培养，包括白光（white，W）、红光（red，R,λ_max≈660 nm）、蓝光（blue,B,λ_max≈450 nm）以及红蓝组合光（1R﹕1B、1R﹕3B和3R﹕1B）。通过全生育期关键节点监测、光合生理指标测定以及关键开花基因转录水平的荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）分析，结合穗粒数、千粒重，运用熵权TOPSIS法对不同光质组合的“加速效果”进行综合评价。【结果】在白光处理下，虽然花22和盐麦3号分别可在50和44 d完成一代，但单株穗粒数较少，发芽率较低；而3R﹕1B组合在保障大麦快速生长的同时（花22，56 d完成一代；盐麦3号，49 d完成一代），显著提高了单株穗粒数和种子发芽率。同时，随着蓝光比例的增加，大麦全生育期延长，叶片叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）、光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数均降低。荧光定量PCR结果表明，白光、3R﹕1B和红光能上调HvFT1、HvBM3、HvAP1等开花促进因子转录水平、下调开花负调控因子HvRAV2-like的转录水平，促进植株的发育。【结论】3R﹕1B光谱在保障大麦快速生长发育的同时显著提高籽粒产量，获得最优周年加代效果。本研究可为大麦的快速育种技术提供理论依据。

关键词: 大麦, 光质配比, 快速育种, 光合特性, 熵权TOPSIS

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of different light quality combinations on the growth and development, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, expression of key flowering genes, and single-plant grain formation in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), to optimize the light quality ratio, and to achieve a breeding configuration enabling multiple generations per year, so as to promote the application of rapid breeding technology in barley. 【Method】 Under controlled environmental conditions, two spring-type two-rowed beer barley cultivars, including Hua 22 and Yanmai 3, were cultivated under six LED spectral combinations: white light (W), red light (R, λ_max≈660 nm), blue light (B, λ_max≈450 nm), and red-blue composite lights (1R﹕1B, 1R﹕3B, and 3R﹕1B). The "accelerating effect" of different light quality combinations was comprehensively evaluated using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method. This evaluation was based on monitoring key developmental stages throughout the entire growth cycle, measuring photosynthetic physiological parameters, analyzing the transcript levels of key flowering genes via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and assessing yield components (number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight). 【Result】Under the white light (W) treatment, although Hua 22 and Yanmai 3 completed a generation cycle within 50 and 44 days, respectively, they exhibited a lower number of grains per plant and a reduced germination rate. In contrast, 3R﹕1B light combination ensured rapid barley growth (Hua 22, 56 days per generation; Yanmai 3, 49 days per generation), which also significantly improved the number of grains per spike and seed germination rates. No significant differences were observed in the SPAD value, photosynthetic parameters, or chlorophyll fluorescence parameters between the 3R﹕1B treatment and white light treatment. With the increase in blue light proportion, the whole growth period of barley was prolonged, and the SPAD value, photosynthetic parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters all decreased. qRT-PCR results indicated that light qualities with a high red light ratio accelerated the reproductive process by upregulating flowering-promoting factors, such as HvFT1, HvBM3, and HvAP1, as well as downregulating the flowering repressor HvRAV2-like.【Conclusion】The 3R﹕1B light spectrum not only ensured the rapid growth and development of barley but also significantly increased grain yield, achieving optimal multi-generation cycles per year. This study laid a technical foundation for rapid breeding in barley.

Key words: barley, light quality ratio, speed breeding, photosynthetic characteristics, entropy weight-TOPSIS

李志威, 王子琪, 高亚蒙, 高润红, 陈雪, 杨铸, 阚文杰, 蹇双灵, 严胜男, 汤才国, 吴丽芳. 不同光质对大麦加速生长和光合特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(8): 1639-1652.

LI ZhiWei, WANG ZiQi, GAO YaMeng, GAO RunHong, CHEN Xue, YANG Zhu, KAN WenJie, JIAN ShuangLing, YAN ShengNan, TANG CaiGuo, WU LiFang. Effects of Different Light Quality on Growth Acceleration and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Barley[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(8): 1639-1652.

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基因Gene name	正向引物Forward primer (5′→3′)	反向引物Reverse primer (5′→3′)
HvFT1	GGCGGCAATGAGATGAGGA	GGAAGAGCACGAGCACGAA
HvBM3	TGAGTGGAGCAACAACAAGC	GCCTTCAGGTGGAGTCGTAT
HvBM8	GGCGAAGATTGAGACCATACAG	TGCCTCTCCACCAGTTCCT
HvAP1	CGAGTTCTCCACCGAGTCAT	TGTCTCAACCTTCGCCTTCA
HvRAV2-like	GTATTGGAACAGCAGCCAGAG	CCGAGCAGGAGAACACGAT
HvAGL	CATCGGCATCATCATCTTCTCC	CCTTCTCCACTGGCACTCTT
HvActin	CCAGGTATCGCTGACCGTAT	GCTGAGTGAGGCTAGGATGG

处理 Treatment	项目Item
处理 Treatment	最大荧光比例 F_m/F_o	潜在光化学活性 F_v/F_o	最大光化学效率F_v/F_m	实际光化学量子产量Φ_Po	有效光化学量子产量Φ_Eo	热耗散量子产额 Φ_Do
W	5.52±0.33a	4.60±0.27a	0.82±0.01a	0.82±0.01a	0.53±0.04a	0.18±0.01b
R	5.31±0.23a	4.31±0.23b	0.81±0.01ab	0.81±0.01ab	0.50±0.04ab	0.19±0.01b
3R﹕1B	5.27±0.16a	4.23±0.18b	0.81±0.01ab	0.81±0.01ab	0.46±0.04b	0.19±0.01b
1R﹕1B	4.82±0.18b	3.82±0.18c	0.79±0.02c	0.79±0.02c	0.41±0.03c	0.21±0.01a
1R﹕3B	4.76±0.20b	3.72±0.17c	0.79±0.01c	0.79±0.01c	0.41±0.04c	0.21±0.01a
B	4.94±0.11b	3.91±0.08c	0.79±0.00bc	0.79±0.00bc	0.4±0.03c	0.20±0.00a

处理 Treatment	项目Item
处理 Treatment	最大荧光比例 F_m/F_o	潜在光化学活性 F_v/F_o	最大光化学效率F_v/F_m	实际光化学量子产量Φ_Po	有效光化学量子产量Φ_Eo	热耗散量子产额 Φ_Do
W	5.39±0.36a	4.47±0.31a	0.82±0.01a	0.82±0.01a	0.46±0.07a	0.18±0.01b
R	5.00±0.23a	4.00±0.23b	0.80±0.01ab	0.80±0.01ab	0.46±0.06a	0.19±0.01b
3R﹕1B	5.06±0.32a	4.06±0.32b	0.80±0.01ab	0.80±0.01b	0.42±0.05b	0.19±0.01b
1R﹕1B	4.54±0.19b	3.54±0.19c	0.78±0.01c	0.78±0.01c	0.37±0.03bc	0.22±0.01a
1R﹕3B	4.40±0.28b	3.40±0.28c	0.77±0.02c	0.77±0.02c	0.35±0.04c	0.22±0.01a
B	4.55±0.23b	3.55±0.23c	0.78±0.01c	0.78±0.01c	0.33±0.08d	0.22±0.01a

品种Cultivar	指标Parameter	类型Criterion type	信息熵Entropy	权重Weight
花22 H22	全生育期Whole growth period	负向Negative	0.8216	0.4256
	单株穗粒数Grain number per spike	正向Positive	0.8744	0.2996
	千粒重Thousand grain weight	正向Positive	0.8848	0.2747
盐麦3号 YM3	全生育期Whole growth period	负向Negative	0.8665	0.3516
	单株穗粒数Grain number per spike	正向Positive	0.8794	0.3175
	千粒重Thousand grain weight	正向Positive	0.8743	0.3309

品种Cultivar	处理Treatment	正理想解距离D⁺	负理想解距离D^-	相对接近度C_i	排序Rank
花22 H22	W	0.184	0.481	0.724	2
	R	0.191	0.430	0.693	3
	3R﹕1B	0.121	0.495	0.804	1
	1R﹕1B	0.217	0.424	0.661	4
	1R﹕3B	0.508	0.138	0.213	6
	B	0.521	0.275	0.345	5
盐麦3号 YM3	W	0.189	0.500	0.726	2
	R	0.228	0.388	0.630	4
	3R﹕1B	0.060	0.531	0.898	1
	1R﹕1B	0.192	0.413	0.683	3
	1R﹕3B	0.431	0.217	0.334	5
	B	0.518	0.122	0.191	6

不同光质对大麦加速生长和光合特性的影响

Effects of Different Light Quality on Growth Acceleration and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Barley

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