葡聚糖改性尿素在潮土中的转化特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.05.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 糖类化合物能调控土壤氮素的转化过程。然而，不同聚合度葡聚糖对氮素转化的影响尚不清楚。本研究着重探究葡聚糖改性尿素在石灰性潮土中的氮素转化特征，深入分析葡聚糖的聚合度与氮素有效性的关系，并揭示其作用机制，旨在为不同聚合度葡聚糖在尿素中的高效应用提供理论基础。【方法】 将葡萄糖、麦芽糖、低聚麦芽糖和聚葡萄糖分别按1%的添加量加入到熔融尿素中制得对应的葡萄糖改性尿素（单糖，GU）、麦芽糖改性尿素（2聚，MU）、低聚麦芽糖改性尿素（≈5聚，OU）和聚葡萄糖改性尿素（≈20聚，PU）。设置不施肥处理（CK）、施用普通尿素处理（U）和不同聚合度葡聚糖改性尿素6个处理，采用土壤培养的方法研究不同聚合度葡聚糖改性尿素的氮素转化特征，并结合普通尿素和葡聚糖改性尿素¹³C核磁共振波谱的化学结构特征，揭示不同聚合度葡聚糖及其结构变化对尿素转化的影响机制。【结果】 （1）葡聚糖改性尿素中含有席夫碱结构的物质；（2）与U处理相比，葡聚糖改性尿素延缓尿素水解，土壤中酰胺态氮含量平均提高15.3%—37.1%，OU处理最高；（3）施入氮肥后，U处理的脲酶活性在第1 天达到峰值，而葡聚糖改性尿素处理的脲酶活性则在培养第2天达到峰值；（4）葡聚糖改性尿素的氨挥发累积量较U处理降低2.2%—12.9%。随着葡聚糖聚合度的增加，氨挥发累积量表现出逐渐增加的态势；（5）培养结束时，葡聚糖改性尿素处理土壤中硝态氮含量提高了14.1%—30.5%，当葡聚糖聚合度增加时，土壤中硝态氮含量先增加后降低，聚合度为3.35时，硝态氮含量最高。【结论】 葡聚糖改性尿素能延缓尿素水解，降低氨挥发损失量，提高培养后期土壤中的硝态氮含量。其中，GU（单体）减少氨挥发的效果最好，中聚合度（3.35聚）的葡聚糖提高土壤中硝态氮含量的效果最好。

关键词: 葡聚糖改性尿素, 聚合度, 尿素转化, 氨挥发, 土壤脲酶活性, 潮土

Abstract:

【Objective】 Sugars regulate the nitrogen transformation process in soil. However, the effects of different polymerization degrees of dextran on nitrogen conversion were not clear. This study focused on investigating the transformation characteristics of dextran-modified urea with varying degrees of polymerization in calcareous fluvo-aquic soil, analyzing the relationship between the polymerization degree of dextran and nitrogen efficiency, and revealing its functioning mechanism. It aimed to provide a solid theoretical basis for the application of different polymerization degrees of dextran in urea. 【Method】 Four types of modified urea were prepared by incorporating 1% glucose (monosaccharide, GU), maltose (2-poly, MU), oligomeric dextran (≈5-poly, OU), and polydextrose (≈20-poly, PU) into molten urea. Six treatments were designed: no fertilization (CK), conventional urea (U), and four dextran-modified urea treatments. A soil incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate nitrogen transformation, and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C-NMR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the chemical structures, to uncover the urea conversion mechanism affected by dextran polymerization degree and structural changes. 【Result】 (1) Dextran-modified urea contained a Schiff base structure. (2) Compared with U, dextran-modified urea slowed urea hydrolysis and increased soil amide N content by 15.3%-37.1%, with the highest value in OU. (3) After the application of nitrogen fertilizer, the urease activity of the U treatment peaked at 1 d, whereas the urease activity of the dextran-modified urea treatment peaked at 2 d of incubation. (4) Ammonia volatilization accumulation of dextran-modified urea was reduced by 2.2%-12.9% compared with U. With the increase of the degree of polymerization of dextran, the accumulation of ammonia volatilization showed a gradually increasing trend. (5) At the end of the incubation, NO₃^--N content of dextran-modified urea was increased by 14.1%-30.5%. As the degree of polymerization of dextran increased, the nitrate nitrogen content first increased and then decreased. When the degree of polymerization was 3.35, the nitrate nitrogen content was the highest. 【Conclusion】 Dextran-modified urea effectively delayed urea hydrolysis, reduced ammonia volatilization, and enhanced soil NO₃^--N content. GU had the best impact on reducing ammonia volatilization, while dextran with a medium polymerization degree (3.35) had the best effect on improving the NO₃^--N content in the soil.

Key words: dextran-modified urea, polymerization degree, urea transformation, ammonia volatilization, soil urease activity, fluvo- aquic soil

严艳鸽, 张水勤, 许猛, 徐久凯, 李燕婷, 赵秉强, 袁亮. 葡聚糖改性尿素在潮土中的转化特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(5): 1048-1059.

YAN YanGe, ZHANG ShuiQin, XU Meng, XU JiuKai, LI YanTing, ZHAO BingQiang, YUAN Liang. Transformation Characteristics of Dextran-Modified Urea in Fluvo- Aquic Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 1048-1059.

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处理 Treatment	培养时间Incubation time (d)
处理 Treatment	0.25	0.5	1	2	3	5	7	14	21	28
CK	1.84b	1.71c	1.54d	3.82d	4.71d	3.48c	2.39b	2.56b	2.26a	2.53a
U	39.76a	45.44b	73.92a	141.85a	237.75ab	173.06a	10.56a	2.74ab	2.46a	2.36a
GU	40.05a	47.81a	64.71c	87.10c	244.24a	151.34b	10.59a	2.97ab	2.33a	2.16a
MU	40.00a	48.12a	68.51b	115.27b	226.53c	162.10ab	9.97a	2.71ab	2.23a	2.44a
OU	39.08a	46.61ab	69.82b	139.60a	246.49a	177.57a	13.28a	3.17a	2.14a	2.34a
PU	39.21a	45.79b	63.79d	108.34b	229.67bc	162.01ab	11.00a	2.84ab	2.35a	2.42a

处理 Treatment	培养时间Incubation time (d)
处理 Treatment	0.25	0.5	1	2	3	5	7	14	21	28
CK	8.02b	8.03a	8.06b	8.14a	8.08b	8.05a	8.05a	8.10a	7.97a	8.03a
U	8.13a	8.07a	8.30a	8.14a	8.15b	7.86bc	7.86b	7.89b	7.73b	7.78b
GU	8.02b	8.02a	8.09b	8.12a	8.12b	7.82bc	7.93b	7.89b	7.67b	7.66b
MU	7.97b	8.08a	8.17b	8.04b	8.09b	7.81c	7.85b	7.90b	7.63b	7.78b
OU	8.11a	8.04a	8.10b	7.95c	8.08b	7.82c	7.86b	7.93b	7.66b	7.67b
PU	8.02b	8.02a	8.28a	8.05b	7.95a	7.89b	7.91b	7.86b	7.70b	7.77b