生物炭配施黄腐酸对滨海盐碱地土壤理化性质、酶活性和多功能性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.011

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (20): 4178-4188.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.011

生物炭配施黄腐酸对滨海盐碱地土壤理化性质、酶活性和多功能性的影响

张海睿¹^,²(), 贾昂元¹, 高奇奇¹, 韩哲群¹, 南珊珊¹, 段碧华²(), 武雪萍¹^,³()

¹ 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室（中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所），北京 100081
² 北京农学院生物与资源环境学院/农业农村部华北都市农业重点实验室，北京 102206
³ 国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心，山东东营 257347

收稿日期:2025-08-05 接受日期:2025-09-24 出版日期:2025-10-16 发布日期:2025-10-14
通信作者:
武雪萍，E-mail：wuxueping@caas.cn。

段碧华，E-mail：dbhbac@sohu.com。
联系方式: 张海睿，E-mail：1923601899@qq.com。
基金资助:
山东省重点研发计划（科技示范工程）(2024SFGC0403); 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2001401); 中国农业科学院重大科技任务(CAAS-ZDRW202407)

The Effects of Biochar Combined with Fulvic Acid on the Physical and Chemical Properties, Enzyme Activities and Multifunctionality of Soil in Coastal Saline-Alkali Land

ZHANG HaiRui¹^,²(), JIA AngYuan¹, GAO QiQi¹, HAN ZheQun¹, NAN ShanShan¹, DUAN BiHua²(), WU XuePing¹^,³()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Beijing 100081
² College of Biology and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of North China Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 102206
³ National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257347, Shandong

Received:2025-08-05 Accepted:2025-09-24 Published:2025-10-16 Online:2025-10-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨生物炭配施黄腐酸对滨海盐碱地改良效果及对土壤多功能性（SMF）的影响，为生物炭和黄腐酸的科学配施提供理论支撑。【方法】基于3年的田间定位试验，在滨海盐碱地设置4个处理：对照（CK），单施生物炭30 t·hm^-2（C₁），单施黄腐酸0.15 t·hm^-2（H₁）以及生物炭（30 t·hm^-2）和黄腐酸（0.15 t·hm^-2）配施（C₁H₁）。测定0—10和10—20 cm土层及根际土的土壤理化性质和酶活性，同时基于平均值法计算土壤多功能性指数。【结果】生物炭和黄腐酸配施能显著改善土壤理化性质和生物性状。与CK相比，C₁H₁处理0—10和10—20 cm土层容重分别降低9.2%和11.2%；土壤饱和含水量增加11.3%和9.8%；土壤总孔隙度增加12.6%和12.8%；土壤 pH值降低4.4%和3.9%；土壤EC值降低19.9%和22.8%；土壤SOC提升了44.6%和44.7%；有效磷（AP）提升48.3%和44.8%；速效钾（AK）提升45.3%和43.3%。酶活性分析表明，C₁H₁处理对碳、氮循环相关酶（β-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）、纤维二糖水解酶（CBH）、亮氨酸氨基肽酶（LAP））的促进作用最明显，增幅23.4%—47.0%。生物炭和黄腐酸配施SMF指数增幅最大，增加了77.5%。【结论】生物炭与黄腐酸配施通过改善滨海盐碱地土壤孔隙结构、提升养分有效性和增加酶活性，进而显著提高土壤多功能性。

关键词: 生物炭, 黄腐酸, 土壤理化性质, 土壤酶活性, 土壤多功能性

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to explore the effects of biochar combined with fulvic acid on the improvement of coastal saline-alkali soil and its influence on soil multifunctionality (SMF), providing the theoretical support for the scientific application of biochar and fulvic acid.【Method】Based on a three-year field experimental study, four treatments were set up in the coastal saline-alkali land, including (control (CK), single application of 30 t·hm^-2 biochar (C₁), single application of 0.15 t·hm^-2 fulvic acid (H₁), and combined application of biochar and fulvic acid (C₁H₁). The soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities in the 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm soil layers and rhizosphere soil were determined, and the soil multifunctionality was calculated based on the average value method.【Result】The results showed that the combined application of biochar and fulvic acid could significantly improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Compared with CK, the soil bulk density under C₁H₁ treatment at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers decreased by 9.2% and 11.2%, respectively; the saturated soil moisture content increased by 11.3% and 9.8%, respectively; the total soil porosity increased by 12.6% and 12.8%, respectively; the soil pH value decreased by 4.4% and 3.9%, respectively; the soil EC value decreased by 19.9% and 22.8%, respectively; the soil SOC increased by 44.6% and 44.7%, respectively; available phosphorus (AP) increased by 48.3% and 44.8%, respectively; the availability of potassium (AK) increased by 45.3% and 43.3%, respectively. The enzyme activity analysis revealed that C₁H₁ had the most significant promoting effect on the carbon-nitrogen cycle-related enzymes (β-glucosidase, cellobiose hydrolase, leucine aminopeptidase), with an increase ranging from 23.4% to 47%. Under the combined treatment of biochar and fulvic acid, the SMF index had the greatest increase, rising by 77.5%. 【Conclusion】The combined application of biochar and fulvic acid significantly enhanced soil multifunctionality by improving the pore structure of coastal saline-alkali land and increasing nutrient availability and enzyme activity.

Key words: biochar, fulvic acid, physical and chemical properties of soil, soil enzyme activity, soil multifunctionality

张海睿, 贾昂元, 高奇奇, 韩哲群, 南珊珊, 段碧华, 武雪萍. 生物炭配施黄腐酸对滨海盐碱地土壤理化性质、酶活性和多功能性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(20): 4178-4188.

ZHANG HaiRui, JIA AngYuan, GAO QiQi, HAN ZheQun, NAN ShanShan, DUAN BiHua, WU XuePing. The Effects of Biochar Combined with Fulvic Acid on the Physical and Chemical Properties, Enzyme Activities and Multifunctionality of Soil in Coastal Saline-Alkali Land[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(20): 4178-4188.

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	原料 Raw material	pH	C (%)	N (%)	比表面积 Specific surface area (m²·g^-1)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	水溶性 Water solubility (%)	氨基酸 Amino acid (%)
生物炭 Biochar	花生壳 Peanut shell	8.33	52.41	2.31	16.72	0.22	—	—
黄腐酸Fulvic acid	秸秆 Straw	7.00	—	—	—	—	99	5

土层 Soil layer (cm)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	有机碳 Soil organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	pH	电导率 Electric conductivity (µS·cm^-1)	土壤容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	砂粒 Sand (%)	粉粒 Silt (%)	黏粒 Clay (%)
0-20	90.10	7.81	8.93	1716	1.55	16.97	61.30	21.73
20-40	89.36	7.69	8.86	1714	1.54	15.33	71.73	18.93

处理 Treatment	BG (mmol·g^-1·h^-1)	CBH (mmol·g^-1·h^-1)	NAG (mmol·g^-1·h^-1)	LAP (mmol·g^-1·h^-1)	ACP (mmol·g^-1·h^-1)
CK	1.95±0.03b	1.02±0.06d	0.43±0.04c	82.6±4.72b	5.47±0.25c
C₁	2.76±0.2a	1.5±0.12b	0.59±0.05b	101.96±6.94a	6.15±0.31bc
H₁	2±0.16b	1.22±0.12c	0.45±0.03c	84.13±4.71b	6.45±0.33b
C₁H₁	3.09±0.25a	1.75±0.04a	0.89±0.08a	107.18±5.79a	9.82±0.73a

生物炭配施黄腐酸对滨海盐碱地土壤理化性质、酶活性和多功能性的影响

The Effects of Biochar Combined with Fulvic Acid on the Physical and Chemical Properties, Enzyme Activities and Multifunctionality of Soil in Coastal Saline-Alkali Land

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