间作大豆对木薯生长及连作土壤特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.11.008

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (11): 2176-2189.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.11.008

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

间作大豆对木薯生长及连作土壤特性的影响

陈会鲜¹(), 何文¹, 阮丽霞¹(), 黄小娟¹, 兰秀¹, 蔡兆琴¹, 李恒锐¹, 黄珍玲¹, 韦婉羚¹, 梁振华¹, 李天元¹, 曹升²(), 李喜弟³, 韦均参³

¹ 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所/农业农村部龙州热带作物科学观测综合实验站，广西龙州 5324151
² 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所，南宁 530007
³ 平果市四塘镇乡村建设综合服务中心，广西平果 531409

收稿日期:2024-08-21 接受日期:2024-12-10 出版日期:2025-06-01 发布日期:2025-06-09
通信作者:
阮丽霞，E-mail：675559090@qq.com。
曹升，E-mail：894291910@qq.com
联系方式: 陈会鲜，E-mail：798555436@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32260445); 广西青年基金项目(2023GNSFBA026150); 广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2023YM41); 广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2023YM25); 科技先锋队专项(桂农科盟202514)

Effects of Intercropping Soybean on Cassava Growth and Soil Characteristics

CHEN HuiXian¹(), HE Wen¹, RUAN LiXia¹(), HUANG XiaoJuan¹, LAN Xiu¹, CAI ZhaoQin¹, LI HengRui¹, HUANG ZhenLing¹, WEI WanLing¹, LIANG ZhenHua¹, LI TianYuan¹, CAO Sheng²(), LI XiDi³, WEI JunCan³

¹ Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Sciences Research Institute/Longzhou Tropical Crop Science Observation Comprehensive Experimental Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Longzhou 532415, Guangxi
² Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007
³ Pingguo City Sitang Town Rural Construction Comprehensive Service Center, Pingguo 531409, Guangxi

Received:2024-08-21 Accepted:2024-12-10 Published:2025-06-01 Online:2025-06-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探索木薯大豆间作模式对木薯生长及其连作土壤的影响，分析木薯大豆间作模式缓解木薯连作障碍的潜能，为缓解木薯连作障碍提供理论参考。【方法】在木薯连作土壤上，对比木薯连年单作和木薯大豆间作两种种植模式下木薯根际土壤理化性质、微生物物种多样性及其群落结构的差异，探索木薯大豆间作模式对木薯连作土壤的影响，对比两种种植模式下木薯株高、茎粗、产量、光合特性的差异，并分析土壤理化性质、微生物物种多样性及群落结构与木薯株高、茎粗、产量、光合特性之间的相关性，探索木薯大豆间作模式对木薯生长的影响。【结果】（1）在3年试验中，相较于木薯连年单作，木薯大豆间作的土壤pH、孔隙度、有机质含量、碱解氮含量、细菌数量、真菌数量以及木薯的株高、产量、光合速率、蒸腾速率等均逐年提高，土壤容重逐年下降，且在试验进行到第2年或第3年时，这些指标的差异达到显著水平；（2）木薯大豆间作对木薯连作土壤的细菌和真菌物种多样性影响不大，但对土壤优势真菌群落组成及相对丰度的影响较大，其中对木霉属（Trichoderma）真菌丰度的影响最为显著；（3）土壤pH与木薯叶片蒸腾速率呈显著正相关，土壤有机质含量与木薯叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率、株高呈显著正相关，土壤孔隙度、碱解氮含量均与木薯叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率呈显著正相关关系，木霉属真菌的相对丰度与木薯茎粗、株高、产量及叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率均呈显著正相关关系。【结论】木薯大豆间作模式可提高土壤的pH、孔隙度、有机质含量及碱解氮含量，调节土壤微生物群落结构，提高木霉属真菌的丰度，缓解木薯连作土壤酸化、板结、养分下降等问题，从而促进木薯生长，对木薯连作障碍具有缓解作用。

关键词: 木薯大豆间作, 木薯生长, 连作土壤, 土壤理化性质, 微生物多样性

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to explore the impacts of cassava/soybean intercropping patterns on the growth of cassava and its continuous cropping soil, to analyze the potential of cassava/soybean intercropping patterns to alleviate the obstacles of cassava continuous cropping, so as to provide theoretical references for alleviating the obstacles of cassava continuous cropping. 【Method】 On the continuous cropping soil of cassava, the differences in physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil, microbial species diversity, community structure between cassava monoculture and cassava/soybean intercropping patterns were compared, and the impacts of cassava/soybean intercropping patterns on the continuous cropping soil of cassava were explored; the differences in plant height, stem thickness, yield, and photosynthetic characteristics between the two planting patterns were compared too, and the correlation between soil physical and chemical properties, microbial species diversity, community structure, and plant height, stem thickness, yield, and photosynthetic characteristics of cassava were analyzed to clarify the impact and mechanism of cassava/soybean intercropping patterns on the growth of cassava. 【Result】 (1) In a 3-year trial, compared with the continuous monoculture of cassava, soil pH, porosity, organic matter content, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content, bacterial number, fungal number, plant height, yield, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate under the cassava/soybean intercropping pattern increased year by year, while soil bulk density decreased year by year, and the differences in these indicators reached significant levels in the second or third year of the trial. (2) Cassava/soybean intercropping had little effect on the species diversity of bacteria and fungi in the continuous cropping soil of cassava, but had a significant impact on the composition and relative abundance of dominant bacterial communities in the continuous cropping soil of cassava, among which the impact on the abundance of the beneficial fungus Trichoderma was the most significant. (3) Soil pH showed a significantly positively correlated with the transpiration rate of cassava leaves; Soil organic matter content showed a significantly positively correlated with plant height, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of cassava leaves; Soil porosity and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content both showed a significantly positively correlated with the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of cassava leaves; The relative abundance of Trichoderma showed a significantly positively correlated with the stem diameter, plant height, yield, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of cassava leaves. 【Conclusion】 The cassava/soybean intercropping pattern could improve the pH, porosity, organic matter content, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content of the continuous cropping soil of cassava, regulate the soil microbial community structure, recruit a large number of potential beneficial fungi Trichoderma, and alleviate the adverse factors, such as soil acidification, hardening, and nutrient decline in the continuous cropping soil of cassava, thereby promoting the growth of cassava and having a relieving effect on the obstacles of cassava continuous cropping.

Key words: cassava/soybean intercropping, cassava growth, continuous cropping soil, soil physical and chemical properties, microorganisms

陈会鲜, 何文, 阮丽霞, 黄小娟, 兰秀, 蔡兆琴, 李恒锐, 黄珍玲, 韦婉羚, 梁振华, 李天元, 曹升, 李喜弟, 韦均参. 间作大豆对木薯生长及连作土壤特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(11): 2176-2189.

CHEN HuiXian, HE Wen, RUAN LiXia, HUANG XiaoJuan, LAN Xiu, CAI ZhaoQin, LI HengRui, HUANG ZhenLing, WEI WanLing, LIANG ZhenHua, LI TianYuan, CAO Sheng, LI XiDi, WEI JunCan. Effects of Intercropping Soybean on Cassava Growth and Soil Characteristics[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(11): 2176-2189.

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[1]	LIU S T. Effects of cassava continuous cropping and rotation on soil physical and chemical properties, microbial community and yield[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2020. (in Chinese)
	刘珊廷. 木薯连作与轮作对土壤理化性状及微生物群落和产量的影响[D]. 南宁: 广西大学, 2020.

试验阶段 Trial period	种植模式 Cropping pattern	株高 Plant height (m)	茎粗 Stem diameter (cm)	产量 Yield (kg/plant)
2021 (试验第1年 First year of trial)	木薯连作第5年 The fifth year of continuous cropping cassava	1.52±0.09a	25.11±1.36a	1.37±0.16a
2021 (试验第1年 First year of trial)	木薯大豆间作第1年 First year of cassava/soybean intercropping	1.51±0.13a	24.48±2.98a	1.28±0.07a
2022 (试验第2年 Second year of trial)	木薯连作第6年 The sixth year of continuous cropping cassava	1.70±0.13a	32.29±1.86a	1.40±0.15a
2022 (试验第2年 Second year of trial)	木薯大豆间作第2年 The second year of cassava/soybean intercropping	1.90±0.22a	37.36±1.64a	2.18±0.16a
2023 (试验第3年 Third year of trial)	木薯连作第7年 The seventh year of continuous cropping cassava	1.46±0.17b	33.25±2.02b	1.47±0.32b
2023 (试验第3年 Third year of trial)	木薯大豆间作第3年 The third year of cassava/soybean intercropping	1.94±0.14a	42.43±2.45a	3.45±0.48a

试验阶段 Trial period	种植模式 Cropping pattern	CO₂浓度 Ci (µmol·mol^-1)	气孔导度 Gs (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	净光合速率 Pn (µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	蒸腾速率 Tr (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	水分利用率 WUE (µmol·mmol^-1)
2021 (试验第1年 First year of trial)	木薯连作第5年 The fifth year of continuous cropping cassava	299.21±11.83a	866.74±258.35a	23.18±0.81a	9.26±1.76a	2.52±0.14a
2021 (试验第1年 First year of trial)	木薯大豆间作第1年 First year of cassava/soybean intercropping	306.35±7.81a	1018.10±215.76a	25.64±0.96a	9.75±1.57a	2.44±0.17a
2022 (试验第2年 Second year of trial)	木薯连作第6年 The sixth year of continuous cropping cassava	312.12±2.35a	1224.51±310.38a	25.49±2.13b	8.64±3.27b	2.97±0.21a
2022 (试验第2年 Second year of trial)	木薯大豆间作第2年 The second year of cassava/soybean intercropping	388.37±3.12a	1601.42±172.21a	39.53±3.25a	14.75±3.20a	2.64±0.25a
2023 (试验第3年 Third year of trial)	木薯连作第7年 The seventh year of continuous cropping cassava	304.45±7.14a	1273.23±143.39a	23.81±2.53b	8.32±3.16b	3.28±0.83a
2023 (试验第3年 Third year of trial)	木薯大豆间作第3年 The third year of cassava/soybean intercropping	397.13±9.18a	1623.34±240.31a	40.74±2.85a	15.39±2.78a	2.43±0.54a

试验阶段 Trial period	种植模式 Cropping pattern	pH	孔隙度 Porosity (%)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-³)	土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)
2021 (试验第1年 First year of trial)	木薯连作第5年 The fifth year of continuous cropping cassava	4.74±0.04a	34.27±1.35a	1.55±0.03a	18.42±1.08a
2021 (试验第1年 First year of trial)	木薯大豆间作第1年 First year of cassava/soybean intercropping	4.81±0.12a	35.31±1.79a	1.52±0.02a	19.19±1.29a
2022 (试验第2年Second year of trial)	木薯连作第6年 The sixth year of continuous cropping cassava	4.71±0.28a	33.28±2.19a	1.59±0.04a	19.17±1.03a
2022 (试验第2年Second year of trial)	木薯大豆间作第2年 The second year of cassava/soybean intercropping	4.93±0.75a	36.12±1.04a	1.47±0.03b	20.69±1.52a
2023 (试验第3年Third year of trial)	木薯连作第7年 The seventh year of continuous cropping cassava	4.39±0.28b	34.79±1.09b	1.75±0.08a	19.05±1.93a
2023 (试验第3年Third year of trial)	木薯大豆间作第3年 The third year of cassava/soybean intercropping	5.07±0.75a	39.72±1.04a	1.26±0.05b	21.19±1.52a

试验阶段 Trial period	种植模式 Cropping pattern	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)
2021 (试验第1年First year of trial)	木薯连作第5年 The fifth year of continuous cropping cassava	20.57±1.07a	156.54±5.83a	46.28±1.55a	92.28±2.40a
2021 (试验第1年First year of trial)	木薯大豆间作第1年 First year of cassava/soybean intercropping	21.58±0.46a	156.46±4.00a	51.28±1.00a	109.28±4.01a
2022 (试验第2年Second year of trial)	木薯连作第6年 The sixth year of continuous cropping cassava	19.88±0.33b	145.28±2.51a	45.72±1.84a	94.18±1.96b
2022 (试验第2年Second year of trial)	木薯大豆间作第2年 The second year of cassava/soybean intercropping	23.98±2.06a	157.48±6.52a	53.83±2.61a	116.60±1.01a
2023 (试验第3年Third year of trial)	木薯连作第7年 The seventh year of continuous cropping cassava	18.18±0.85b	167.23±5.07a	55.16±1.85a	100.25±9.26b
2023 (试验第3年Third year of trial)	木薯大豆间作第3年 The third year of cassava/soybean intercropping	25.18±1.16a	175.09±3.19a	50.13±1.97a	127.60±4.34a

试验阶段 Trial period	种植模式 Cropping pattern	细菌 Bacteria (×10⁵cfu·g^-1)	真菌 Fungi (×10³ cfu·g^-1)	放线菌 Actinomycete (×10⁵cfu·g^-1)	微生物总数 Total number (×10⁵ cfu·g^-1)
2021 (试验第1年First year of trial)	木薯连作第5年 The fifth year of continuous cropping cassava	15.29±1.09a	27.34±2.13a	2.38±0.36a	17.70±2.05a
2021 (试验第1年First year of trial)	木薯大豆间作第1年 First year of cassava/soybean intercropping	20.46±2.16a	30.28±1.06a	2.45±0.72a	22.94±2.62a
2022 (试验第2年Second year of trial)	木薯连作第6年 The sixth year of continuous cropping cassava	18.75±2.74b	23.05±2.43b	3.92±0.66a	22.69±2.08b
2022 (试验第2年Second year of trial)	木薯大豆间作第2年 The second year of cassava/soybean intercropping	30.73±2.98a	34.37±1.36a	4.17±0.54a	34.93±3.74a
2023 (试验第3年Third year of trial)	木薯连作第7年 The seventh year of continuous cropping cassava	20.53±1.79b	28.06±1.49b	2.83±0.34a	22.59±2.18b
2023 (试验第3年Third year of trial)	木薯大豆间作第3年 The third year of cassava/soybean intercropping	37.14±2.27a	47.02±1.67a	3.89±0.31a	39.08±1.38a

间作大豆对木薯生长及连作土壤特性的影响

Effects of Intercropping Soybean on Cassava Growth and Soil Characteristics

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