智能滴灌水肥耦合模式实现土壤节水控盐与向日葵产量品质协同提升

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.010

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (20): 4158-4177.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.010

智能滴灌水肥耦合模式实现土壤节水控盐与向日葵产量品质协同提升

韩哲群¹^,³(), 苏莹³, 高奇奇¹(), 刘美英³, 贾昂元¹, 张海睿¹, 南珊珊¹, 徐勤政⁴, 王强⁴, 王利军⁴, 武雪萍¹^,²()

¹ 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室（中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所），北京 100081
² 国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心，山东东营 257347
³ 内蒙古农业大学资源与环境学院/内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室/农业生态安全与绿色发展自治区高等学校重点实验室，呼和浩特 010011
⁴ 新疆慧尔农业集团股份有限公司，新疆昌吉 831109

收稿日期:2025-07-22 接受日期:2025-09-28 出版日期:2025-10-16 发布日期:2025-10-14
通信作者:
高奇奇，E-mail：gaoqiqi06@163.com。

武雪萍，E-mail：wuxueping@caas.cn。
联系方式: 韩哲群，E-mail：2081149208@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2001401); 中国农业科学院重大科技任务项目(CAAS—ZDRW202407); 新疆天池英才计划

Intelligent Drip Irrigation Water-Fertilizer Coupling Regime Realizes Synergistic Improvement of Soil Water Conservation, Salt Control and Sunflower Yield and Quality

HAN ZheQun¹^,³(), SU Ying³, GAO QiQi¹(), LIU MeiYing³, JIA AngYuan¹, ZHANG HaiRui¹, NAN ShanShan¹, XU QinZheng⁴, WANG Qiang⁴, WANG LiJun⁴, WU XuePing¹^,²()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Beijing 100081
² National Center of Technology Innovation Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257347, Shandong
³ College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010011, Inner Mongolia
⁴ Xinjiang Huir Agricultural Group Limited Liability Company, Changji 831109, Xinjiang

Received:2025-07-22 Accepted:2025-09-28 Published:2025-10-16 Online:2025-10-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】针对内蒙古引黄灌区盐碱地土壤肥力差、水盐失衡制约向日葵生产的问题，探究智能滴灌水肥耦合模式对引黄灌区盐碱地土壤及向日葵生长和产量品质的调控效应。【方法】基于2年的田间试验结果，于2023—2024年在内蒙古达拉特旗开展双因素裂区试验，以向日葵为供试作物，主区为漫灌和滴灌两种灌溉方式，副区为单施化肥（F）、化肥+秸秆（FS）、化肥+牛粪（FM）、化肥+高碳基肥（FH）4种施肥模式。分析不同水肥管理模式对土壤理化性质、向日葵产量品质及养分生理效率的影响。【结果】两年试验中，智能滴灌水肥一体化与漫灌传统施肥相比，显著降低0—40 cm土层土壤电导率（EC）41.2%，增加土壤含水量15.0%，增加硝态氮（NO₃^--N）含量37.8%，增加土壤有机碳含量（SOC）10.8%。传统漫灌下，0—40 cm土层中，与F相比，有机物料添加显著降低EC值7.3%—27.0%，使pH降低0.08—0.51，增加SOC含量3.8%—13.0%，增加NO₃^--N含量9.2%—48.2%，增加有效磷含量（AP）32.2%—62.7%，增加速效钾含量（AK）12.4%—22.7%。智能滴灌下，0—40 cm土层中，与F处理相比，有机物料添加显著降低EC值3.7%—28.5%，增加SOC含量4.3%—9.5%，增加NO₃^--N含量17.2%—41.4%，增加AP含量20.3%—48.8%，增加AK含量3.6%—26.6%。此外，智能滴灌水肥一体化与传统漫灌施肥相比，向日葵株高与茎粗分别显著提高16.7%和85.4%，氮素生理效率（NPE）、磷素生理效率（PPE）分别提升26.6%、34.1%，生物产量和籽粒产量分别提高12.8%和89.5%，水分利用效率（WUE）提高67.7%。传统漫灌下，与F相比，有机物料添加显著增加株高16.7%—17.5%，PPE增加27.1%，生物产量增加37.0%—43.9%，籽粒产量增加6.0%—25.2%，WUE增加6.0%—25.2%，出仁率增加13.0%—17.9%，籽粒脂肪含量增加9.7%。智能滴灌下，与F相比，有机物料添加显著增加株高7.6%，NPE提高15.2%—17.2%，PPE增加17.2%，生物产量增加23.7%，籽粒产量增加4.6%—20.4%，WUE增加4.6%—20.4%，出仁率增加6.2%—10.2%，籽粒脂肪含量增加3.3%。Mantel分析显示生物产量和籽粒产量与土壤含水量、SOC、株高、茎粗、NPE、PPE呈显著正相关关系，与pH和EC呈显著负相关关系（P<0.01）。综合分析，智能滴灌水肥一体化与牛粪或高碳基肥配施效果最好，是引黄灌区盐碱地适宜的水肥管理模式。【结论】智能滴灌下有机物料添加的水肥耦合模式通过降低土壤盐分、提升养分有效性和作物生理效率，有效地改善了盐碱地质量，并促进了向日葵产量和品质提升。

关键词: 盐碱地, 有机物料, 智能滴灌, 土壤理化性质, 植物养分, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】In response to the issues of low soil fertility and water-salt imbalance constraining sunflower production in the saline-alkali soils of the Yellow River Irrigation Area (YRIA) in Inner Mongolia, this study investigated the regulatory effects of an intelligent drip irrigation-based water-fertilizer coupling regime on the saline-alkaline soil properties, as well as on sunflower growth and yield.【Method】Based on a two-year field study, this research employed a two-factor split-plot design conducted in Dalate Banner, Inner Mongolia, during 2023-2024. Sunflower was used as the test crop, with two irrigation methods, including surface irrigation and drip irrigation-assigned to the main plots, and four fertilization regimes applied in the sub-plots: chemical fertilizer alone (F), chemical fertilizer plus straw incorporation (FS), chemical fertilizer combined with cow manure (FM), and chemical fertilizer supplemented with high-carbon basal fertilizer (FH). The study evaluated the effects of different water-fertilizer management strategies on soil physicochemical properties, sunflower yield and quality, as well as nutrient physiological efficiency.【Result】Based on the two-year experimental period, the intelligent drip irrigation coupled with integrated water-fertilization practice significantly reduced soil electrical conductivity (EC) in the 0-40 cm layer by 41.2%, increased soil moisture content by 15.0%, elevated nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) content by 37.8%, and enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC) content by 10.8%, compared with traditional flood irrigation with conventional fertilization. Under traditional flood irrigation, the application of organic amendments significantly decreased EC by 7.3%-27.0% and reduced pH by 0.08-0.51 units relative to the chemical-fertilizer-only (F) treatment, while increasing SOC by 3.8%-13.0%, NO₃^--N by 9.2%-58.2%, available phosphorus (AP) by 32.2%-62.7%, and available potassium (AK) by 12.4%-22.7% in the 0-40 cm soil layer. Under intelligent drip irrigation, organic amendments led to a reduction in EC by 3.7%-28.5% and increased in SOC by 4.3%-9.5%, NO₃^--N by 17.2%-61.4%, AP by 20.3%-48.8%, and AK by 3.6%-26.6%, compared with F treatment. In terms of crop performance, integrated intelligent drip irrigation with fertigation significantly enhanced sunflower plant height and stem diameter by 16.7% and 85.4%, respectively, over traditional flood irrigation. Nitrogen physiological efficiency (NPE) and phosphorus physiological efficiency (PPE) increased by 26.6% and 34.1%, respectively; biomass yield and grain yield rose by 12.8% and 89.5%, respectively; and water use efficiency (WUE) improved by 67.7%. Under traditional flood irrigation, organic amendments significantly raised plant height by 16.7%-17.5%, PPE by 27.1%, biomass yield by 37.0%-43.9%, grain yield by 6.0%-25.2%, WUE by 6.0%-25.2%, kernel percentage by 13.0%-17.9%, and grain fat content by 9.7% compared with F treatment. Under intelligent drip irrigation, organic amendments significantly improved plant height by 7.6%, NPE by 15.2%-17.2%, PPE by 17.2%, biomass yield by 23.7%, grain yield by 4.6%-20.4%, WUE by 4.6%-20.4%, kernel percentage by 6.2%-10.2%, and grain fat content by 3.3% relative to F treatment. Mantel analysis indicated that biomass yield and grain yield were significantly positively correlated with soil water content, SOC, plant height, stem diameter, NPE, and PPE (P<0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with pH and EC. In summary, the combined application of intelligent drip irrigation with water-fertilizer integration, particularly in conjunction with cow manure or high-carbon basal fertilizer, demonstrated the most favorable outcomes, representing the most suitable water and fertilizer management strategy for saline-alkali soils in the Yellow River irrigation area. 【Conclusion】 The integrated water-fertilizer regime under smart drip irrigation, combined with organic amendments, enhanced saline-alkali soil quality and sunflower productivity by effectively reducing soil salinity, improving nutrient availability, and increasing crop physiological efficiency.

Key words: saline soil, organic matter, smart drip irrigation, soil physicochemical properties, plant nutrients, yield

韩哲群, 苏莹, 高奇奇, 刘美英, 贾昂元, 张海睿, 南珊珊, 徐勤政, 王强, 王利军, 武雪萍. 智能滴灌水肥耦合模式实现土壤节水控盐与向日葵产量品质协同提升[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(20): 4158-4177.

HAN ZheQun, SU Ying, GAO QiQi, LIU MeiYing, JIA AngYuan, ZHANG HaiRui, NAN ShanShan, XU QinZheng, WANG Qiang, WANG LiJun, WU XuePing. Intelligent Drip Irrigation Water-Fertilizer Coupling Regime Realizes Synergistic Improvement of Soil Water Conservation, Salt Control and Sunflower Yield and Quality[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(20): 4158-4177.

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土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	pH	电导率 Electrical conductivity (μs·cm^-1)	含盐量 Saltness (g·kg^-1)	有机碳 Organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)
0-20	1.39	8.27	1162	5.80	7.51	0.92	19.30	209.8
20-40	1.32	8.20	997.33	5.90	8.15	0.93	16.43	175.8

盐碱地程度 Saline soil degree	灌溉方式 Irrigation method	施肥模式 Fertilization pattern		施肥量 Fertilization rate (kg·hm^-2)
盐碱地程度 Saline soil degree	灌溉方式 Irrigation method	模式 Pattern	代码 Code	施肥量 Fertilization rate (kg·hm^-2)
中度 Moderate	漫灌/滴灌 Flood irrigation/ Drip irrigation	单施化肥 Applying chemical fertilizers alone	F	基肥Base fertilizer N 120、P₂O₅ 75、K₂O 72 追肥Top-dressing N 180、K₂O 48
		化肥+秸秆 Chemical Fertilizer + Straw	FS	化肥量同上，秸秆 Fertilizer application rate as above. Straw: 9000.0
		化肥+牛粪 Chemical fertilizer + cow manure	FM	化肥量同上，牛粪 Fertilizer amount as above, cow manure: 8653.7
		化肥+高碳基肥 Chemical fertilizer + high-carbon fertilizer	FH	化肥量同上，高碳基肥 Fertilizer application rate as above. high-carbon base fertilizer: 8183.0

指标 Parameters	施肥处理 Fertilization method	漫灌 Flood irrigation	滴灌 Drip irrigation	显著性检验 P value
株高 Plant height (cm)	F	123.50±2.50b	166.33±13.43b	I：P<0.001 F：P=0.098 I×F：P=0.74
	FS	135.33±5.13b	167.67±5.03b
	FM	144.17±5.01a	173.67±5.86b
	FH	145.33±3.51a	179.00±5.20a
茎粗 Stem diameter (cm)	F	16.87±0.60a	30.37±3.76a	I：P<0.001 F：P=0.849 I×F：P=0.958
	FS	17.07±2.18a	31.90±3.90a
	FM	17.27±1.25a	30.97±3.33a
	FH	18.37±0.59a	35.73±2.62a
出仁率 Rate of benevolence (%)	F	44.00±0.01c	48.70±0.01c	I：P=0.002 F：P<0.001 I×F：P=0.001
	FS	49.70±0.01b	49.54±0.01c
	FM	51.74±0.02a	51.68±0.01b
	FH	51.85±0.01a	53.67±0.01a
脂肪 Fat (%)	F	0.41±0.01b	0.42±0.004b	I：P=0.98 F：P=0.016 I×F：P=0.016
	FS	0.44±0.01ab	0.44±0.005ab
	FM	0.42±0.02b	0.44±0.003a
	FH	0.45±0.01a	0.43±0.003ab

智能滴灌水肥耦合模式实现土壤节水控盐与向日葵产量品质协同提升

Intelligent Drip Irrigation Water-Fertilizer Coupling Regime Realizes Synergistic Improvement of Soil Water Conservation, Salt Control and Sunflower Yield and Quality

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