中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (7): 1525-1536.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.016

• 肥水高效利用 • 上一篇    下一篇

溶解氧浓度对水稻分蘖期根系生长及氮素利用特性的影响

胡继杰1,2,钟楚3,胡志华4,张均华1,曹小闯1,刘守坎2,金千瑜1,朱练峰1()   

  1. 1中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州 310006
    2台州市农业科学研究院,浙江台州 317000
    3广西药用植物园/广西药用资源保护与遗传改良重点实验室,南宁 530023
    4江西省红壤研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,南昌 331717
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-26 接受日期:2020-08-31 出版日期:2021-04-01 发布日期:2021-04-22
  • 通讯作者: 朱练峰
  • 作者简介:胡继杰,E-mail: hujijie0201@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0101801);国家自然科学基金(31771733);浙江省重点研发计划(2016C02050-3)

Effects of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration on Root Growth at Tillering Stage and Nitrogen Utilization Characteristics of Rice

HU JiJie1,2,ZHONG Chu3,HU ZhiHua4,ZHANG JunHua1,CAO XiaoChuang1,LIU ShouKan2,JIN QianYu1,ZHU LianFeng1()   

  1. 1China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou 310006
    2Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang
    3Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Conservation and Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530023
    4Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Nanchang 331717
  • Received:2020-05-26 Accepted:2020-08-31 Online:2021-04-01 Published:2021-04-22
  • Contact: LianFeng ZHU

摘要: 【目的】探究特定溶解氧浓度对水稻分蘖期根系生长及全生育期氮素吸收利用的影响,以期为水稻氧营养研究及高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2016年在中国水稻研究所网室进行。供试水稻品种为中浙优1号(水稻)、IR45765-3B(深水稻)和中旱221(旱稻),用国际水稻所营养液配方进行培养。试验设置5个溶解氧浓度处理,分别为全生育期溶解氧浓度1 mg·L -1(T1)、3 mg·L -1(T2)、5.5 mg·L -1(T3)和7.5 mg·L -1(T4),以自然生长处理作对照(CK),溶解氧浓度由在线测试控制系统自动控制(昆腾Q45D,美国),并实时用便携式溶氧仪进行校对(YSI 550A,美国)。【结果】(1)水稻分蘖期,随溶解氧浓度上升,全浓度营养液中总氮含量下降速率减小,铵盐含量下降速率增加;硝酸盐含量在T1处理下最低,T4处理下最高;亚硝酸盐在全浓度营养液中含量极低且不稳定。(2)与CK相比,3个水稻品种在T2处理下根系活力均有所提高,T4处理根系活力显著低于CK。最大根长随溶解氧浓度上升而提高,TI和T4处理降低水稻根系总根长、总表面积、根体积和根干重;T2处理下,中浙优1号和IR45765-3B的根系形态指标和干重均高于CK。(3)3个水稻品种拔节期植株含氮率随溶解氧浓度提高逐渐下降,齐穗期和完熟期随溶解氧浓度提高逐渐上升。相较于CK,T2处理提高了3个水稻品种全生育期氮素积累量;T3和T4处理降低了水稻氮素吸收,但提高了齐穗期至完熟期生长阶段的氮积累量吸收比例。在完熟期,3个水稻品种氮素积累量,T2处理较CK增加2.3%—7.3%,T1、T3和T4处理较CK分别下降0.7%—3.6%、3.6%—8.5%和15.0%—27.1%。(4)3个水稻品种不同处理间干物质量和产量表现一致,均为T2>CK>T1>T3>T4。3个水稻品种氮素干物质生产效率均以T1处理表现最高;与CK相比,T2处理提高了3个水稻品种的收获指数和氮收获指数,T1、T3和T4均低于CK;T1处理下,中浙优1号和IR45765-3B氮素籽粒生产效率均显著低于CK,中旱221无显著差异。【结论】适度增氧可促进水稻根系形态建成,增加植株干物质量和氮素积累,提高水稻氮素利用效率和籽粒产量;低氧和高氧胁迫均会抑制不同生态型水稻品种根系活性,降低水稻植株氮素吸收,且旱稻对氧胁迫的耐逆性强于水稻和深水稻。

关键词: 水稻, 溶解氧, 根系形态, 氮素利用, 水培

Abstract:

【Objective】A formal experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on root growth at the tillering stage and nitrogen utilization of rice, so as to provide a theoretical basis to the rice oxygen nutrition and high-yield cultivation.【Method】The formal experiment was conducted at China National Rice Research Institute in 2016. Three rice varieties, including ZZY 1(lowland rice), IR45765-3B (deep-water rice) and ZH 221 (upland rice), were grown in hydroponic condition with different DO concentration (T1-1 mg·L -1, T2-3 mg·L -1, T3-5.5 mg·L -1, T4-7.5 mg·L -1 and CK-natural growth) controlled by on-line test control system (KUNTENG Q45D, America). The portable dissolved oxygen meters (YSI 550A, America) was used to examine the oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution.【Result】(1) The results showed that the decrease rate of total nitrogen content in whole concentration nutrient solution decreased with the increasing of DO concentration, while the change of ammonium salt content showed the opposite tendency under different DO concentrations. At the same determination time, the nitrate content increased with the increasing of DO concentration. Nitrite content was extremely low and was unstable in whole concentration nutrient solution. (2) Compared with CK, the root activity of three rice cultivars increased in T2, while the root vigor decreased under T1 and T4. The longest root length of three rice cultivars was elongated with increasing of DO concentration, while the total length, total surface area, volume and dry matter were reduced under T1 and T4. The root morphological indexes and dry matter accumulation of ZZY 1 and IR45765-3B under T2 were higher than that of CK. (3) The nitrogen content of three rice cultivars decreased gradually with the increasing of DO concentration at jointing stage, which showed an opposite tendency at full heading stage and full ripe stage. Compared with CK, the nitrogen accumulation of three varieties increased under T2 during the whole growth period. The nitrogen uptake of rice decreased under T3 and T4, while the proportion of nitrogen accumulation from full heading stage to full maturity stage of rice increased significantly. At full ripe stage, nitrogen accumulation of three rice varieties increased 2.3%-7.3% under T2 compared with CK, and decreased 0.7%-3.6%, 3.6%-8.5% and 15.0%-27.1%, respectively, in T1, T3 and T4. (4) The dry matter accumulation and yield of three rice varieties were T2>CK>T1>T3>T4 under different DO concentrations at full ripe stage. In all treatments, the nitrogen dry matter production efficiency was the highest under T1. Compared with CK, T2 improved the harvest index and nitrogen harvest index of three rice varieties, which were declined under other DO concentrations. The nitrogen grain production efficiency of ZZY 1 and IR45765-3B under T1 were significantly lower than that of CK, and there was no significant difference in ZH 221.【Conclusion】A moderate increase of DO concentration could improve the formation of rice root system under the condition of water cultivation, increase the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, and improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield of rice. Both hypoxia and hyperoxia stress could inhibit the root activity of different ecotypes of rice, and reduce the nitrogen uptake. Besides, the tolerance on the oxygen stress of upland rice was stronger than that of lowland rice and deep-water rice.

Key words: rice, dissolved oxygen, root morphology, nitrogen utilization, hydroponics