水稻穗顶端退化突变体paa21的表型分析及基因克隆

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.24.001

中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (24): 4781-4792.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.24.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

水稻穗顶端退化突变体paa21的表型分析及基因克隆

赫磊¹(),路凯¹,赵春芳¹,姚姝¹,周丽慧¹,赵凌¹,陈涛¹,朱镇¹,赵庆勇¹,梁文化¹,王才林¹,朱丽²(),张亚东¹()

¹江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心华东中心/江苏省优质水稻工程技术研究中心/国家水稻改良中心南京分中心/江苏省农业生物学重点实验室，南京 210014
²中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室，杭州 310006

收稿日期:2022-09-27 接受日期:2022-10-24 出版日期:2022-12-16 发布日期:2023-01-04
通讯作者: 朱丽,张亚东
作者简介:赫磊，E-mail：helei@jaas.ac.cn。
基金资助:
江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS[2021]001);江苏省重点研发计划(BE2022336);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-01)

Phenotypic Analysis and Gene Cloning of Rice Panicle Apical Abortion Mutant paa21

HE Lei¹(),LU Kai¹,ZHAO ChunFang¹,YAO Shu¹,ZHOU LiHui¹,ZHAO Ling¹,CHEN Tao¹,ZHU Zhen¹,ZHAO QingYong¹,LIANG WenHua¹,WANG CaiLin¹,ZHU Li²(),ZHANG YaDong¹()

¹Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/East China Branch of National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice/Jiangsu High Quality Rice R&D Center/Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement/Key laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Agrobiology, Nanjing 210014
²China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou 310006

Received:2022-09-27 Accepted:2022-10-24 Online:2022-12-16 Published:2023-01-04
Contact: Li ZHU,YaDong ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】水稻穗顶端退化严重影响产量，鉴定与克隆水稻穗顶端退化相关基因，可以丰富水稻穗发育调控的分子机理，为水稻高产分子设计育种提供理论基础和基因资源。【方法】从粳稻品种武运粳30号EMS突变体库筛选到一份稳定遗传的穗顶端退化突变体panicle apical abortion 21（paa21）。对退化一次枝梗比例、每穗退化粒数占比、每穗粒数、株高、穗长、单株产量等农艺性状进行统计。使用台盼蓝和伊文思蓝染色检测顶端小穗是否发生程序性细胞死亡。测定WT和paa21不同发育时期幼穗和不同穗部位的H₂O₂含量。paa21分别与籼稻II-32B、9311正反交进行遗传分析。利用paa21与籼稻II-32B杂交构建的F₂群体进行基因定位和克隆。使用SWISS-MODEL网站预测野生型和突变体蛋白的三维结构。利用RT-qPCR分析ROS响应标志基因、程序性细胞死亡相关基因、过氧化氢酶相关基因的表达量。【结果】paa21突变体发生严重的穗顶端退化，统计paa21所有一次枝梗退化情况，发现退化小穗主要位于顶端的一次枝梗上。与WT相比，paa21的株高、每穗粒数、穗长和单株产量均降低。通过观察不同发育时期的幼穗，发现在paa21突变体幼穗发育至12 cm时，可见穗顶端退化表型。台盼蓝和伊文思蓝染色结果表明突变体顶端小穗发生程序性细胞死亡。在退化的paa21顶端小穗中观察到更强烈的DAB染色；H₂O₂含量测定结果表明，与WT相比，paa21穗中积累更高水平的ROS。遗传分析表明paa21突变表型受一对隐性核基因控制。图位克隆结果发现paa21中Os02g0673100第二外显子发生一个C到T的突变，导致丙氨酸突变为缬氨酸。该基因编码一个铝激活的苹果酸转运蛋白ALMT7。突变位点位于第4个跨膜螺旋上。SWISS-MODEL预测结果表明，该突变位点并未对突变体蛋白三维结构造成明显影响。RT-qPCR结果表明，在幼穗发育至10 cm时，paa21中ROS响应标志基因Os01g0826400、Os05g0474800和Os02g0181300，程序性细胞死亡相关基因VPE2和VPE3，过氧化氢酶编码基因CATA、CATB、CATC的表达量较WT大幅升高。此外，paa21 10 cm幼穗中过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性较WT明显下降。【结论】paa21幼穗在发育后期顶端小穗中积累过量的ROS，产生程序性细胞死亡，最终导致顶端小穗发生退化。

关键词: 水稻, 穗顶端退化, 活性氧, 程序性细胞死亡

Abstract:

【Objective】Rice panicle apical abortion affects yield. Identification and cloning of genes related to rice panicle apical abortion can enrich the molecular mechanism of rice panicle development regulation, and provide theoretical basis and genetic resources for rice high-yield molecular design breeding. 【Method】Here, a stably inherited panicle apical abortion 21 (paa21) mutant was screened from EMS mutant library of the japonica rice variety "Wuyunjing 30". Agronomic traits, such as ratio of degraded primary branches, degraded apical spikelets, grains per panicle, plant height, panicle length, and grain yield per plant, were statistically analyzed. Trypan blue and Evans blue staining were used to detect whether programmed cell death occurred in the apical spikelets. H₂O₂ content in young panicles at different development stages and different panicle parts of WT and paa21 was determined. Genetic analysis was carried out by reciprocal cross of paa21 with indica rice II-32B and 9311 respectively. The F₂ population constructed by crossing paa21 with indica rice II-32B was used for gene mapping and cloning. The three-dimensional structure of wild-type and paa21 proteins were predicted using SWISS-MODEL website. The expression levels of ROS response marker genes, programmed cell death related genes and catalase related genes were analyzed by RT-qPCR. 【Result】paa21 produced panicle apical abortion phenotype and the degenerated spikelets were mainly located on the primary branches at the apical panicle. The plant height, grain number per panicle, panicle length and grain yield per plant of paa21 were lower than those of WT. After observing the young panicles at different development stages, we found that the paa21 mutant had a panicle apical abortion phenotype when panicle developed to 12 cm. Trypan blue and Evans blue staining results showed that the apical spikelets of the paa21 mutant had programmed cell death. Stronger DAB staining was observed in the degenerated apical spikelets of paa21 than WT. The results of H₂O₂ content determination showed that higher level of ROS was accumulated in panicle of paa21 compared with WT. Genetic analysis suggested that paa21 mutant phenotype is controlled by a pair of recessive nuclear genes. The results of map-based cloning showed that a C to T mutation occurred in the second exon of Os02g0673100 in paa21, resulting in the mutation of alanine to valine. This gene encodes an aluminum activated malate transporter, ALMT7. The mutation site was located at the fourth transmembrane helix. SWISS-MODEL prediction results showed that the mutation site did not significantly affect the three-dimensional structure of the mutant protein. The expression level of ROS response marker genes Os01g0826400, Os05g0474800 and Os02g0181300 in paa21 was significantly higher than that in WT when the young spike developed to 10 cm. Compared with WT, the expression level of programmed cell death related genes VPE2 and VPE3 increased significantly in paa21. The expression level of CATA, CATB and CATC which encode catalase in 10 cm young panicle of paa21 was significantly higher than that of WT. The activity of CAT in paa21 10 cm young spikelet was significantly lower than that of WT. 【Conclusion】paa21 accumulate excess ROS in the apical spikelet at late stage of panicle development, resulting in programmed cell death, which eventually leads to the degeneration of the apical spikelet. These results lay a good foundation for further enriching the genetic regulatory network of panicle development.

Key words: rice, panicle apical abortion, reactive oxygen species, programmed cell death

赫磊,路凯,赵春芳,姚姝,周丽慧,赵凌,陈涛,朱镇,赵庆勇,梁文化,王才林,朱丽,张亚东. 水稻穗顶端退化突变体paa21的表型分析及基因克隆[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(24): 4781-4792.

HE Lei,LU Kai,ZHAO ChunFang,YAO Shu,ZHOU LiHui,ZHAO Ling,CHEN Tao,ZHU Zhen,ZHAO QingYong,LIANG WenHua,WANG CaiLin,ZHU Li,ZHANG YaDong. Phenotypic Analysis and Gene Cloning of Rice Panicle Apical Abortion Mutant paa21[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(24): 4781-4792.

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组合 Crossing combination	F₁表型 Phonotype of F₁ plants	F₂单株数 Number of F₂ plants		χ²（3﹕1=3.84）
组合 Crossing combination	F₁表型 Phonotype of F₁ plants	野生型 Wild type	突变型 Mutant type	χ²（3﹕1=3.84）
paa21×II-32B	野生型Wild type	396	129	0.0514
II-32B×paa21	野生型Wild type	516	182	0.4298
paa21×9311	野生型Wild type	253	81	0.0998
9311×paa21	野生型Wild type	474	164	0.1693

水稻穗顶端退化突变体paa21的表型分析及基因克隆

Phenotypic Analysis and Gene Cloning of Rice Panicle Apical Abortion Mutant paa21

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