甘蓝型油菜苗期氮高效吸收转运特征研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.06.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】氮素吸收效率是影响作物氮效率的重要方面,开展油菜氮高效吸收转运特征研究旨在为提升油菜氮吸收效率及产量提供理论依据。【方法】为探究油菜氮高效吸收转运机理,以一对氮效率差异显著的油菜种质：氮高效种质‘498’和氮低效种质‘428’为试验材料,在营养液培养条件下,设置正常供氮（9.5 mmol∙L^-1）和低氮（0.475 mmol∙L^-1）处理,研究不同氮浓度下油菜在3个生长时期（物候生长期12、14和16）的生理指标差异;并运用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术研究不同种质对NO₃^-和NH₄⁺的吸收和转运能力。同时,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析氮吸收转运相关基因（BnNPFs、BnNRT2s和BnAMTs）在氮效率不同油菜种质中的表达差异。【结果】不同氮浓度处理下,油菜种质‘498’的植株生长和根系发育均表现较强优势,根系形态指标（主根长、总根长、根表面积、根体积和侧根数）、生物量、氮累积量和氮吸收效率均显著高于油菜种质‘428’。¹⁵N同位素示踪试验也表明,油菜种质‘498’对NO₃^-和NH₄⁺的吸收累积强于‘428’,尤其是NH₄⁺,‘498’在高低氮浓度处理下植株¹⁵NH₄⁺累积量均显著高于‘428’。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果进一步显示,在正常供氮处理下,参与NO₃^-、NH₄⁺吸收与转运的基因（BnNPF6.3a、BnNRT2.1e、BnNPF7.2a、BnNPF7.2c、BnNPF6.2c、BnAMT1;2a、BnAMT1;3c、BnAMT1;4a、BnAMT2;1a和BnAMT2;1b）在‘498’中的相对表达量显著高于‘428’;而在低氮处理下,‘498’根中参与NO₃^-吸收与转运的基因（BnNRT2.4a、BnNRT2.5a和BnNRT2.5b）的相对表达量显著低于‘428’,但是参与调控NO₃^-转运及再分配的基因（BnNPF7.3a 和BnNPF6.2c）表达水平较高,同时,参与NH₄⁺吸收转运的基因（BnAMT1;1a、BnAMT1;2a、BnAMT1;3c、BnAMT1;4a、BnAMT2;1a和BnAMT2;1b）的表达水平也显著高于‘428’。【结论】与氮低效种质‘428’相比,氮高效种质‘498’的根长、根表面积（体积）、侧根数均表现出显著优势,并且其对氮（尤其是NH₄⁺）的吸收累积能力较强;正常供氮处理下,参与NO₃^-、NH₄⁺吸收转运的基因在‘498’中表达相对较高,而低氮处理下参与NO₃^-转运与再分配及NH₄⁺吸收转运的基因在‘498’中相对表达量显著高于‘428’,说明‘498’相对较高的氮吸收效率可能与部分BnNPFs和BnAMTs基因的高表达水平相关。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 氮高效, 根系形态, 吸收转运, 氮转运蛋白基因

Abstract:

【Objective】Nitrogen (N) uptake efficiency is one of the important factors affecting crop N efficiency, investigating characteristics of efficient N uptake and transport was the purpose to provide the theoretical basis for improving N efficiency and yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties.【Method】To explore the mechanisms underlying high N uptake and transport in rapeseed, two rapeseed germplasms with contrasting N efficiency (N efficient germplasm ‘498’ and N inefficient germplasm ‘428’) were used in this study under normal N (9.5 mmol·L^-1) and low N (0.475 mmol·L^-1) conditions at three different growth stages (Phenological growth stages 12, 14 and 16) in hydroponic culture. At the same time, the ¹⁵N isotope tracer technique was applied to study the uptake and transport capacity of NO₃^- and NH₄⁺. Additionally, the expression level of genes (BnNPFs, BnNRT2s and BnAMTs）related to N uptake and transport in rapeseed germplasms with contrasting N efficiency were further analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).【Result】Rapeseed germplasm ‘498’ showed superior advantages in plant growth and root development under different N concentrations, and the root morphological indexes (main root length, total root length, root surface area, root volume and lateral root number), biomass, N accumulation and N uptake efficiency were all significantly greater than those of germplasm ‘428’.¹⁵N isotope tracer test also showed that ‘498’ showed greater advantage in the uptake and accumulation of NO₃ ^- and NH₄⁺, especially for NH₄⁺, as indicated by the significant differences in the accumulation of ¹⁵NH₄⁺ between two germplasms. The RT-qPCR analysis further found that under normal N conditions, the relative expressions of BnNPF6.3a, BnNRT2.1e, BnNPF7.2a, BnNPF7.2c, BnNPF6.2c, BnAMT1;2a, BnAMT1;3c, BnAMT1;4a, BnAMT2;1a and BnAMT2;1b (involved in the uptake and transport of NO₃ ^- and NH₄⁺) was significantly higher in ‘498’ than that in ‘428’. While under low N stress, the relative expressions of BnNRT2.4a, BnNRT2.5a and BnNRT2.5b (involved in NO₃ ^-uptake and transport) was significantly lower in the root of ‘498’ than that of ‘428’, but the expression level of BnNPF7.3a and BnNPF6.2c (referred to NO₃ ^- transport and redistribution) was significantly higher in ‘498’ than that in ‘428’, as well as the expression level of BnAMT1;1a, BnAMT1;2a, BnAMT1;3c, BnAMT1;4a, BnAMT2;1a and BnAMT2;1b (involved in NH₄ ⁺ uptake and transport).【Conclusion】Compared with N-inefficient germplasm ‘428’, N-efficient germplasm ‘498’ were superior in root length, root surface area (volume) and lateral root number, additionally with greater ability in N (especially NH₄ ⁺) uptake and accumulation. Under normal N application conditions, the expression of genes involved in NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ absorption and transport were relatively higher in ‘498’, while the relative expression of genes involved in the NO₃ ^- transport and redistribution as well as NH₄⁺ absorption and transport were significantly higher in ‘498’ than that in ‘428’ under low N stress, illustrating the relative higher N uptake efficiency of ‘498’ possibly linked to the higher expressions of several BnNPFs sand BnAMTs.

Key words: rapeseed, high nitrogen efficiency, root morphology, uptake and transport, nitrogen transporter genes

巢成生,王玉乾,沈欣杰,代晶,顾炽明,李银水,谢立华,胡小加,秦璐,廖星. 甘蓝型油菜苗期氮高效吸收转运特征研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(6): 1172-1188.

CHAO ChengSheng,WANG YuQian,SHEN XinJie,DAI Jing,GU ChiMing,LI YinShui,XIE LiHua,HU XiaoJia,QIN Lu,LIAO Xing. Characteristics of Efficient Nitrogen Uptake and Transport of Rapeseed at Seedling Stage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(6): 1172-1188.

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物候生长期 Phenological growth stages	处理 Treatment	种质 Germplasm	氮浓度 N concentration (%)		氮累积量 N accumulation (mg/plant)			氮转运效率 NTE (%)	氮吸收效率 NAE (%)	氮利用效率 NutE (%)
物候生长期 Phenological growth stages	处理 Treatment	种质 Germplasm	Shoot	Root	Shoot	Root	Total	氮转运效率 NTE (%)	氮吸收效率 NAE (%)	氮利用效率 NutE (%)
12	CK	498	5.55a	4.74a	1.26ab	0.24b	1.50ab	84.03c	3.00c	18.5c
	CK	428	5.63a	4.65a	1.39a	0.18b	1.57ab	88.51a	3.15c	18.2d
	LN	498	5.05b	4.40b	1.35ab	0.33a	1.68a	80.34d	67.45a	20.38b
	LN	428	4.93b	4.02c	1.12b	0.18b	1.30b	86.38b	51.96b	20.91a
14	CK	498	5.47a	4.90a	16.39a	2.35a	18.74a	87.39a	7.83c	18.55d
	CK	428	5.05b	5.05a	13.33b	2.15a	15.48a	86.04a	6.47c	19.80c
	LN	498	3.45c	3.44b	7.81c	1.89ab	9.70b	80.55b	81.05a	28.96b
	LN	428	3.16d	3.44b	6.25c	1.46b	7.70b	81.03b	64.36b	31.11a
16	CK	498	5.06b	4.65a	52.48a	9.10a	61.58a	85.16a	14.88c	20.02c
	CK	428	5.34a	4.81a	40.61b	6.79b	47.41b	85.64a	11.46d	19.03d
	LN	498	2.87c	2.22b	11.32c	4.60c	15.92c	71.02b	76.97a	37.78b
	LN	428	2.74c	2.26b	8.71d	3.22d	11.94d	72.93b	57.69b	38.56a