淮北地区优质食味粳稻温光适应性和最佳播种期

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.005

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (7): 1365-1381.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.005

淮北地区优质食味粳稻温光适应性和最佳播种期

许方甫,卞金龙,韩超,陈志青,刘国栋,邢志鹏,胡雅杰,魏海燕(),张洪程()

扬州大学/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/江苏省优质粳稻产业工程研究中心,江苏扬州225009

收稿日期:2019-11-15 接受日期:2020-05-05 出版日期:2021-04-01 发布日期:2021-04-22
通讯作者: 魏海燕,张洪程
作者简介:许方甫,E-mail： xufangfu90@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300503);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-27);国家自然科学基金(31971841);国家自然科学基金(31801293);江苏省重点研发计划(BE2018355);江苏省农业产业技术体系专项(JATS[2018]298);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目

Temperature and Light Adaptability of High-Quality Japonica Rice and Optimum Seeding Date in Huaibei Region

XU FangFu,BIAN JinLong,HAN Chao,CHEN ZhiQing,LIU GuoDong,XING ZhiPeng,HU YaJie,WEI HaiYan(),ZHANG HongCheng()

Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Industrial Engineering Research Center of High Quality Japonica Rice, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu

Received:2019-11-15 Accepted:2020-05-05 Online:2021-04-01 Published:2021-04-22
Contact: HaiYan WEI,HongCheng ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探明淮北地区不同温光条件对优质食味粳稻产量的影响。【方法】以优质食味中熟中粳南粳2728和南粳505,迟熟中粳南粳9108和福粳1606为试验材料,设置5月10日（S1）、5月17日（S2）、5月24日（S3）、5月31日（S4）、6月7日（S5）、6月14日（S6）、6月21日（S7）7个播期处理。研究不同播期处理下水稻产量、生育期、日均温度、积温和日均辐射量的差异,水稻产量与日均温度、积温、日均辐射量的相互关系。【结果】（1）随播种期的推迟,水稻产量显著下降。播种期每推迟7 d,中熟中粳和迟熟中粳产量分别降低0.49 t·hm ^-2、0.63 t·hm ^-2。（2）随播种期的推迟,播种至拔节期、拔节至抽穗期和全生育期天数呈下降趋势。抽穗至成熟期生育天数呈增加趋势,迟熟中粳S5—S7处理不能正常成熟,抽穗至成熟期生育天数缩短,2种类型水稻产量与全生育期天数极显著正相关。（3）随着播种期的推迟,播种至拔节期日均温度显著升高,拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期和全生育期日均温度显著下降。2种类型水稻产量与播种至拔节期日均温度极显著负相关,与拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期和全生育期日均温度极显著正相关。（4）2种类型水稻播种至拔节期、拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期和全生育期积温随播期推迟均呈下降趋势。播种期每推迟7 d,中熟中粳和迟熟中粳全生育期积温分别降低106.6℃、123.1℃。2种类型水稻产量与各生育阶段积温极显著正相关。（5）随播种期推迟,全生育期日均辐射量显著下降,中熟中粳产量与拔节至抽穗期和全生育期日均辐射量极显著正相关,与播种至拔节期和抽穗至成熟期日均辐射量呈正相关关系。迟熟中粳产量与播种至拔节期日均辐射量显著正相关,与全生育期产量极显著正相关,与拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期日均辐射量正相关。【结论】在稻麦两熟的淮北地区,与光照相比,产量对温度的响应更为敏感。在播期范围内,各生育阶段积温越高,水稻产量越高。为了保证2种类型优质粳稻能够安全成熟,中熟中粳和迟熟中粳应分别于6月14日和5月31日之前播种。当2种生育类型水稻播种期在5月10日至5月24日,水稻能获得较高的产量。

关键词: 淮北地区, 优质食味粳稻, 产量, 温光资源

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of the study was to elucidate the effects of different temperatures and light on the yield of high-quality japonica rice in Huaibei region.【Method】Taking medium-maturing medium japonica rice (MMMJ) Nanjing2728 and Nanjing505, late-maturing medium japonica rice (LMMJ) Nanjing9108 and Fujing1606 as experimental materials, seven seeding treatments were set on May 10 (S1), May 17 (S2), May 24 (S3), May 31 (S4), June 7 (S5), June 14 (S6) and June 21 (S7). The effects of rice yield, growth period, mean daily temperature, accumulated temperature and mean daily radiation under different seeding dates, as well as the correlation between yield and mean daily temperature, accumulated temperature and mean daily radiation were studied.【Result】(1) The yield of rice decreased significantly with the delay of seeding time, the seeding date was postponed every seven days, and the yield of MMMJ and LMMJ was reduced by 0.49 t·hm ^-2 and 0.63 t·hm ^-2, respectively. (2) With the delay of seeding time, the number of days from seeding date (SD) to stem elongation (SE), stem elongation (SE) to heading (HE) and the whole growth period showed a decreasing trend. The number days from heading (HE) to maturity (MA) showed an increasing trend, LMMJ S5-S7 could not ripen normally, and the number of days from HE to MA decreased. There was a significant positive correlation between the yield of two types of rice and the days of the whole growth period. (3) With the delay of seeding time, the mean daily temperature increased significantly from SD to SE, and decreased significantly from SE to HE, HE to MA and the whole growth period. (4) The yield of the two types of rice was negatively correlated with the mean daily temperature from SD to SE, and positively correlated with the mean daily temperature from SE to HE, HE to MA and the whole growth period. The accumulated temperature of each growth stage of two types of rice decreased with the delay of seeding time. The seeding date was postponed every seven days, the accumulated temperature in the whole growth period of MMMJ and LMMJ was reduced by 106.6℃ and 123.1℃, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the yield of the two types of rice and the accumulated temperature at each growth stage. (5) The mean daily radiation in the whole growth period decreased significantly. There was a significant positive correlation between the yield of MMMJ and the mean daily radiation from SE to HE and the whole growth period, and a positive correlation between the mean daily radiation from SD to SE and from HE to MA. There was a significant positive correlation between the yield of LMMJ and the mean daily radiation from SD to SE, and a very significant positive correlation between it and the yield of the whole growth stage, and a positive correlation between it and the mean daily radiation amount from SE to HE and from HE to MA.【Conclusion】In Huaibei region, the rice yield was more sensitive to temperature than light. The higher the accumulated temperature at each growth stage was, the higher rice yield achieved. In order to ensure the safety and maturity of the two types of high-quality japonica rice, MMMJ and LMMJ should be sown before June 14 and May 31, respectively. When the seeding date was from May 10 to May 24, the two types of high-quality japonica rice yield could be higher.

Key words: Huaibei region, high-quality japonica rice, yield, temperature and light resources

许方甫,卞金龙,韩超,陈志青,刘国栋,邢志鹏,胡雅杰,魏海燕,张洪程. 淮北地区优质食味粳稻温光适应性和最佳播种期[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(7): 1365-1381.

XU FangFu,BIAN JinLong,HAN Chao,CHEN ZhiQing,LIU GuoDong,XING ZhiPeng,HU YaJie,WEI HaiYan,ZHANG HongCheng. Temperature and Light Adaptability of High-Quality Japonica Rice and Optimum Seeding Date in Huaibei Region[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(7): 1365-1381.

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	2017			2018
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	拔节期 Stem elongation	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	拔节期 Stem elongation	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity
南粳2728 Nanjing2728	S1	07-16	08-19	10-14	07-18	08-20	10-12
	S2	07-21	08-23	10-19	07-23	08-24	10-16
	S3	07-26	08-27	10-24	07-28	08-28	10-21
	S4	07-31	08-31	10-28	08-02	08-31	10-25
	S5	08-04	09-02	10-31	08-06	09-03	10-29
	S6	08-08	09-04	11-06	08-10	09-05	10-31
	S7	08-11	09-06	—	08-13	09-07	—
南粳505 Nanjing505	S1	07-16	08-20	10-15	07-18	08-21	10-14
	S2	07-21	08-24	10-19	07-23	08-25	10-18
	S3	07-26	08-28	10-23	07-28	08-29	10-22
	S4	07-31	08-31	10-27	08-02	09-01	10-26
	S5	08-04	09-03	10-30	08-06	09-04	10-29
	S6	08-08	09-05	11-06	08-10	09-06	11-01
	S7	08-11	09-07	—	08-13	09-08	—
南粳9108 Nanjing9108	S1	07-19	08-24	10-20	07-21	08-25	10-19
	S2	07-24	08-29	10-25	07-26	08-29	10-23
	S3	07-29	09-02	10-29	07-31	09-02	10-27
	S4	08-03	09-06	11-02	08-05	09-06	10-31
	S5	08-06	09-09	—	08-08	09-09	—
	S6	08-12	09-11	—	08-14	09-11	—
	S7	08-15	09-13	—	08-17	09-13	—
福粳1606 Fujing1606	S1	07-23	08-29	10-24	07-25	08-29	10-23
	S2	07-28	09-03	10-29	07-30	09-02	10-28
	S3	08-02	09-07	11-02	08-04	09-05	10-31
	S4	08-07	09-10	11-06	08-08	09-08	11-05
	S5	08-11	09-12	—	08-12	09-11	—
	S6	08-15	09-14	—	08-17	09-13	—
	S7	08-18	09-16	—	08-20	09-15	—

参数 Coefficient	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September	10月 October	11月 November
a	0.211	0.239	0.303	0.272	0.304	0.290	0.206
b	0.712	0.624	0.529	0.576	0.487	0.567	0.679

年度 Year	处理 Treatment	中熟中粳 MMMJ		迟熟中粳 LMMJ
年度 Year	处理 Treatment	南粳2728 Nanjing2728	南粳505 Nanjing505	南粳9108 Nanjing9108	福粳1606 Fujing1606
2017	S1	9.70a	9.65a	10.07a	10.02a
	S2	9.59a	9.41a	9.86ab	9.82b
	S3	9.14b	9.13b	9.32b	9.23c
	S4	8.73c	8.63c	8.88c	8.59d
	S5	8.15d	7.95d	8.06d	7.67e
	S6	7.45e	7.34e	6.94e	6.99f
	S7	6.81f	6.77f	6.38f	6.19g
	均值 Mean	8.51	8.41	8.50	8.36
2018	S1	9.95a	9.75a	10.18a	10.22a
	S2	9.64a	9.49ab	9.92ab	9.92b
	S3	9.29b	9.16b	9.58b	9.35c
	S4	8.81c	8.69c	8.95c	8.69d
	S5	8.32d	8.02d	8.08d	7.79e
	S6	7.62e	7.67e	7.04e	7.09f
	S7	6.93f	6.84f	6.55f	6.36g
	均值 Mean	8.65	8.52	8.61	8.49
年度（Y)		**
类型（T）		NS
播期（S）		**
年度×类型（Y×T）		NS
年度×播期（Y×S）		NS
类型×播期（T×S）		**
年度×类型×播期（Y×T×S）		NS

类型 Type	处理 Treatment	播种-拔节 SD-SE		拔节-抽穗 SE-HE		抽穗-成熟 HE-MA		全生育期 SD-MA
类型 Type	处理 Treatment	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
中熟中粳 MMMJ	S1	24.8g	24.5g	28.6a	29.3a	21.7a	21.8a	24.5a	24.6a
	S2	25.4f	25.2f	28.2b	28.8b	20.8b	20.9b	24.3b	24.5b
	S3	26.3e	26.1e	27.6c	28.2c	19.8c	20.0c	24.2c	24.4c
	S4	26.7d	26.8d	26.9d	28.1d	19.3d	19.3d	23.9d	24.3d
	S5	27.3c	27.2c	26.3e	27.7e	18.8e	18.6e	23.7e	23.9e
	S6	27.9b	27.7b	25.5f	27.0f	18.1f	18.0f	23.2f	23.7f
	S7	28.1a	28.3a	25.0g	26.5g	18.0f	17.5g	23.0g	23.3g
	均值Mean	26.6	26.5	26.9	27.9	19.5	19.4	23.8	24.1
迟熟中粳 LMMJ	S1	25.1f	24.9g	28.2a	28.6a	20.1a	20.2a	24.1a	24.1a
	S2	25.9e	25.5f	27.1b	28.2ab	19.2b	19.4b	23.8ab	23.9ab
	S3	26.5d	26.3e	26.2c	27.9b	18.8b	18.5c	23.7b	23.9ab
	S4	26.8c	27.0d	25.5d	27.3c	18.0c	17.7d	23.3c	23.7bc
	S5	27.4b	27.5c	25.0e	26.5d	17.6cd	17.3de	23.2c	23.4cd
	S6	27.9a	27.9b	24.3f	25.6e	17.4d	17.1e	23.2c	23.3d
	S7	28.0a	28.3a	24.0f	25.1f	17.3d	16.9e	23.0c	23.3d
	均值Mean	26.8	26.8	25.8	27.0	18.3	18.2	23.5	23.7
年度（Y）		*		**		NS		**
类型（T）		**		**		**		**
播期（S）		**		**		**		**
年度×类型（Y×T）		NS		NS		NS		NS
年度×播期（Y×S）		**		**		NS		*
类型×播期（T×S）		**		*		**		**
年度×类型×播期（Y×T×S）		NS		*		NS		NS

类型 Type	处理 Treatment	播种-拔节 SD-SE		拔节-抽穗 SE-HE		抽穗-成熟 HE-MA		全生育期 SD-MA
类型 Type	处理 Treatment	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
中熟中粳 MMMJ	S1	1661.5a	1689.9b	984.2a	979.6a	1233.4a	1185.6a	3879.1a	3855.1a
	S2	1654.0c	1689.5d	945.3b	933.2b	1196.4b	1140.1b	3795.7b	3762.8b
	S3	1657.8b	1697.6a	897.4c	888.2c	1148.7c	1099.5c	3703.9c	3685.3c
	S4	1626d	1689.8c	835.0d	828.4d	1126.1d	1078.9d	3587.1d	3597.1d
	S5	1581.8e	1634.5e	774.2e	788.9e	1107.9de	1048.3e	3463.9e	3471.7e
	S6	1533.7f	1581.2f	701.4f	715.0f	1145.5c	1027.1f	3380.6f	3323.3f
	S7	1433.7g	1501.2g	660.8g	674.7g	1102.8e	1039.6ef	3197.3g	3215.5g
	均值Mean	1592.6	1640.5	828.3	829.7	1151.5	1088.4	3572.5	3558.7
迟熟中粳 LMMJ	S1	1808.4a	1839.3a	1026.a	998.0a	1155.9a	1130.7a	3991.2a	3968a
	S2	1812.1a	1821.9a	988.9a	958.0a	1105.4b	1091.5a	3906.4b	3871.4b
	S3	1800.1a	1841.3a	929.3b	906.6b	1076.2c	1046.5b	3805.6c	3794.4c
	S4	1768.6a	1822.6a	866.1c	860.1c	1045.2d	1018.6bc	3679.9d	3701.3d
	S5	1710.1b	1757.5b	822.8c	819.8c	1011.9e	984.3c	3544.8e	3561.6e
	S6	1685.2b	1739.7b	728.9d	703.9d	966.5f	939.8d	3380.6f	3383.4f
	S7	1580.3c	1669.9c	694.8d	666.2d	922.2g	893.6e	3197.3g	3229.7g
	均值Mean	1737.8	1784.6	865.4	844.7	1040.5	1015.0	3643.7	3644.3
年度（Y）		**		NS		**		NS
类型（T）		**		**		**		**
播期（S）		**		**		**		**
年度×类型（Y×T）		NS		NS		**		NS
年度×播期（Y×S）		NS		NS		NS		*
类型×播期（T×S）		NS		NS		**		**
年度×类型×播期（Y×T×S）		NS		NS		NS		NS

淮北地区优质食味粳稻温光适应性和最佳播种期

Temperature and Light Adaptability of High-Quality Japonica Rice and Optimum Seeding Date in Huaibei Region

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类型 Type	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	播种-拔节 SD-SE		拔节-抽穗 SE-HE		抽穗-成熟 HE-MA		全生育期 SD-MA
类型 Type	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
中熟中粳 MMMJ	南粳2728 Nanjing2728	S1	67	69	34	33	57	54	158	156
		S2	65	67	33	32	58	54	156	153
		S3	63	65	32	31	59	55	154	151
		S4	61	63	31	29	59	56	151	148
		S5	58	60	29	28	60	57	147	145
		S6	55	57	27	26	64	57	146	140
		S7	51	53	26	25	62	60	139	138
		均值Mean	60	62	30	29	60	56	150	147
	南粳505 Nanjing505	S1	67	69	35	34	57	55	159	158
		S2	65	67	34	33	57	55	156	155
		S3	63	65	33	32	57	55	153	152
		S4	61	63	31	30	58	56	150	149
		S5	58	60	30	29	58	56	146	145
		S6	55	57	28	27	63	57	146	141
		S7	51	53	27	26	61	59	139	138
		均值Mean	60	62	31	30	59	56	150	148
迟熟中粳 LMMJ	南粳9108 Nanjing9108	S1	70	72	36	35	58	56	164	163
		S2	68	70	36	34	58	56	162	160
		S3	66	68	35	33	58	56	159	157
		S4	64	66	34	32	58	56	156	154
		S5	60	62	34	32	59	58	153	152
		S6	59	61	30	28	57	56	146	145
		S7	55	57	29	27	55	54	139	138
		均值Mean	63	65	33	32	58	56	154	153
	福粳1606 Fujing1606	S1	74	76	37	35	57	56	168	167
		S2	72	73	37	34	57	57	166	164
		S3	70	72	36	32	57	57	163	161
		S4	68	69	34	31	58	59	160	159
		S5	65	66	32	30	56	56	153	152
		S6	62	64	30	27	54	54	146	145
		S7	58	61	29	26	52	52	139	139
		均值Mean	67	69	34	31	56	56	156	155

类型 Type	处理 Treatment	播种-拔节 SD-SE		拔节-抽穗 SE-HE		抽穗-成熟 HE-MA		全生育期 SD-MA
类型 Type	处理 Treatment	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018	2017	2018
中熟中粳 MMMJ	S1	24.3a	21.1g	19.9a	23.4a	15.7a	19.4a	20.3a	21.0a
	S2	23.8c	21.9f	19.6a	22.3bc	15.3b	18.6b	19.6b	20.8b
	S3	24.0b	22.0e	18.7c	22.5b	15.0c	18.2c	19.3c	20.7c
	S4	22.3d	22.9b	18.4cd	22.0cd	14.9c	17.8d	18.5d	20.8b
	S5	21.9e	22.8c	19.1b	21.7d	14.6d	17.5de	18.4e	20.5d
	S6	21.4f	22.7d	18.1d	20.9e	14.6d	17.3e	18.0f	20.2e
	S7	20.5g	23.1a	17.0e	19.6f	14.6d	16.9f	17.5g	19.8f
	均值Mean	22.6	22.4	18.7	21.8	15.0	18.0	18.8	20.5
迟熟中粳 LMMJ	S1	24.1a	21.7c	19.7a	22.6a	14.7a	18.3a	19.9a	20.7a
	S2	24.1a	21.6c	18.3ab	22.5ab	14.5a	17.8ab	19.5b	20.5ab
	S3	23.5a	22.1bc	17.7b	22.2ab	14.8a	17.4bc	19.1c	20.5b
	S4	21.9b	23.1a	17.7b	21.5bc	15.1a	17.1c	18.5d	20.6ab
	S5	21.9bc	23.1a	17.4b	20.9c	15.1a	16.5d	18.3e	20.2c
	S6	21.2c	22.7ab	17.0b	20.7c	15.1a	16.3d	18.0f	19.9d
	S7	20.2d	22.4b	17.5b	21.0c	14.7a	16.3d	17.5g	19.8d
	均值Mean	22.4	22.4	17.9	21.6	14.9	17.1	18.7	20.3
年度（Y）		**		**		**		**
类型（T）		*		**		**		**
播期（S）		**		**		**		**
年度×类型（Y×T）		*		*		**		**
年度×播期（Y×S）		**		NS		**		**
类型×播期（T×S）		**		**		**		**
年度×类型×播期（Y×T×S）		**		NS		**		**