中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (14): 2814-2827.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.14.006
收稿日期:
2019-07-31
接受日期:
2019-09-22
出版日期:
2020-07-16
发布日期:
2020-08-10
通讯作者:
朱凯
作者简介:
邹剑秋,E-mail:基金资助:
ZOU JianQiu(),WANG YanQiu,LI JinHong,ZHU Kai(
)
Received:
2019-07-31
Accepted:
2019-09-22
Online:
2020-07-16
Published:
2020-08-10
Contact:
Kai ZHU
摘要:
【目的】高粱机械化生产是未来发展的必然方向,而合理的株型是机械化生产的基础与关键。育种过程中发现,矮秆雄性不育系01-26A具有和现有粒用高粱恢复系组配F1都能降低株高的独特优势,是一个极其难得的株型调控材料。因此,对其株高遗传效应及调控基因位点进行研究,旨在探明其株高矮化遗传机理和调控机制,以期应用遗传育种手段促进高粱株型优化提供理论依据。【方法】以具有矮化株高效应的01-26A和不具矮化株高效应的7050A高粱雄性不育系为试材,重点对其与7个(包括6个粒用和1个甜高粱)恢复系的杂种F1的株高及节数、穗柄下茎秆高度、穗柄长和穗长等相关参数的遗传效应进行分析,同时对调控株高基因的位点Dw1、Dw2和Dw3(Dw4暂未被克隆)进行测定与分析。【结果】高粱雄性不育系01-26A(A1细胞质)具有显著的矮化粒用高粱株高的效应,以其为母本组配的杂种F1株高较以高粱雄性不育系7050A(A2细胞质)为母本组配的杂种F1株高降幅为15.8%,绝对值一般不超过160 cm,而以其为母本组配的甜高粱杂种F1株高降低不明显,不具矮化效应;01-26A矮化株高遗传效应主要表现在杂种F1穗柄下茎秆高度明显缩短,茎秆中下部节间长度与株高变化相关性较高;01-26A杂种F1穗柄长降低是造成株高变矮的另一原因,其效应小于穗柄下茎秆高度,而穗长对株高变化的影响很小;通过基因位点的序列和类型分析,确定了01-26A矮化基因Dw1—Dw3的基因类型,并通过多个杂交组合的株高遗传数据分析,推断01-26A基因型很可能是dw1dw1Dw2Dw2dw3dw3dw4dw4,即三矮高粱不育系;另外,通过对株高调控基因研究分析,发现01-26A的dw1和dw3矮化基因可能对粒用高粱杂种F1株高影响效应更大,而Dw2的存在是造成其与甜高粱杂种F1株高没有矮化的内在原因。【结论】高粱雄性不育系01-26A可能是具有dw1dw1Dw2Dw2dw3dw3dw4dw4基因的三矮高粱不育系,可通过降低杂种F1穗柄下茎秆高度(主效)和穗柄长(次效),实现高粱株高的矮化调控;但其与甜高粱杂交,可能由于Dw2的存在,F1并未发现明显的矮化效应。
邹剑秋,王艳秋,李金红,朱凯. 优异高粱雄性不育系01-26A的组配降秆效应及其分子机理[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(14): 2814-2827.
ZOU JianQiu,WANG YanQiu,LI JinHong,ZHU Kai. Dwarfing Effect and Molecular Mechanism of An Elite Sorghum Male Sterile Line 01-26A in Its Hybrids[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(14): 2814-2827.
表1
2个高粱雄性不育系和7个高粱恢复系的系谱"
材料Material | 系谱 Pedigree |
---|---|
01-26A | 以7050B×P932065B为母本,以天变624B×296B×428B为父本去雄杂交,育成01-26B并经过多代回交转育而成 Take 7050B×P932065B as female parent, and Tianbian 624B×296B×428B was used as male parent to cross, the developed 01-26B was transformed into 01-26A by multiple backcross |
7050A | 以421B(SPL–132B)为母本,以TAM428B为父本去雄杂交,育成7050B并经过多代回交转育而成 The 421B (SPL-132B) was used as the female parent, and the TAM428B was used as the male parent to cross, the developed 7050B was transformed into by multiple backcross |
LNR-4 | 以9544为母本,7037为父本杂交 Take 9544 as the female parent and 7037 as the male parent to cross |
NK1 | 以LR9198为母本,0-01为父本杂交 Take LR9198 as the female parent and 0-01 as the male parent to cross |
0-01 | 以4003×忻粱52为母本,116为父本杂交 Take 4003×Xinliang 52 as the female parent and 116 as the male parent to cross |
3535 | 以T719为母本,0-01为父本杂交 Take T719 as the female parent and 0-01 as the male parent to cross |
3550 | 以矮大穗为母本,LR625为父本杂交 Take short stigma as the female parent and LR625 as the male parent to cross |
BR92 | 以F15为母本,LR9198为父本杂交 Take F15 as the female parent and LR9198 as the male parent to cross |
LTR168 | 以辽宁地方农家品种为母本,ICSV111为父本杂交 Take Liaoning local variety as the female parent and ICSV111 as the male parent to cross |
表3
不育系、恢复系及其F1株高遗传效应"
品种类型 Variety type | 组合(母本×父本) Cross (♀×♂) | 株高Plant height (cm) | F1株高 平均值 F1 X (cm) | F1株高变 异系数 CV (%) | F1株高与亲本关联 F1 PH associated with the parent | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
♀ | ♂ | 平均值 Average | 小于低亲 PH<PH (Min) | 双亲间 Between parents | 大于高亲 PH> PH(Max) | |||||
01-26A/LNR-4 | 103.5 | 145.3 | 124.4 | 141.3 | 13.6 | — | + | — | ||
粒用 Grain sorghum | 01-26A/3550 | 103.5 | 164.8 | 134.2 | 152.5 | 17.4 | — | + | — | |
01-26A/0-01 | 103.5 | 139.2 | 121.4 | 141.9 | 18.7 | — | — | + | ||
01-26A/BR92 | 103.5 | 162.4 | 133.0 | 146.6 | 15.3 | — | + | — | ||
01-26A/NK1 | 103.5 | 139.1 | 121.3 | 159.7 | 22.9 | — | — | + | ||
01-26A/3535 | 103.5 | 145.5 | 124.5 | 144.8 | 10.3 | — | + | — | ||
均值Average | 103.5 | 149.4 | 126.5 | 147.8 | 16.4 | |||||
7050A/LNR-4 | 136.7 | 145.3 | 141.0 | 173.1 | 18.4 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/3550 | 136.7 | 164.8 | 150.8 | 185.7 | 23.7 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/0-01 | 136.7 | 139.2 | 138.0 | 178.4 | 15.7 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/BR92 | 136.7 | 162.4 | 149.6 | 179.2 | 16.3 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/NK1 | 136.7 | 139.1 | 137.9 | 177.6 | 14.9 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/3535 | 136.7 | 145.5 | 141.1 | 159.6 | 10.9 | — | — | + | ||
均值Average | 136.7 | 149.4 | 143.1 | 175.6 | 16.7 | |||||
T检验T test | * | ns | ** | ns | ||||||
甜高粱 Sweet sorghum | 01-26A/LTR168 | 103.5 | 247.3 | 175.4 | 341.7 | 21.4 | — | — | + | |
7050A/LTR168 | 136.7 | 247.3 | 192.0 | 355.3 | 20.8 | — | — | + | ||
T检验 T test | * | ns | * | ns |
表4
不育系、恢复系及其F1穗柄下茎秆高遗传效应"
品种类型 Variety type | 组合(母本×父本) Cross (♀×♂) | 穗柄下茎秆高度 Stalk height under peduncle(cm) | F1穗柄下 茎秆高度 平均值 F1 X (cm) | F1穗柄下茎秆高度变异系数 CV(%) | F1穗柄下茎秆高度与亲本关联 F1 SP associated with the parent | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
♀ | ♂ | 平均值Average | 小于低亲 SP<SP(Min) | 双亲间 Between parents | 大于高亲 SP> SP(Max) | |||||
01-26A/LNR-4 | 47.6 | 82.2 | 64.9 | 75.3 | 14.7 | — | + | — | ||
粒用 Grain sorghum | 01-26A/3550 | 47.6 | 97.4 | 72.5 | 81.6 | 16.9 | — | + | — | |
01-26A/0-01 | 47.6 | 83.3 | 65.5 | 78.1 | 22.1 | — | + | — | ||
01-26A/BR92 | 47.6 | 105.6 | 76.6 | 80.6 | 12.9 | — | + | — | ||
01-26A/NK1 | 47.6 | 86.9 | 67.3 | 92.7 | 17.4 | — | — | + | ||
01-26A/3535 | 47.6 | 86.5 | 67.1 | 80.4 | 16.5 | — | + | — | ||
均值 Average | 47.6 | 90.3 | 69.0 | 81.5 | 16.8 | |||||
7050A/LNR-4 | 74.3 | 82.2 | 78.3 | 92.6 | 13.3 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/3550 | 74.3 | 97.4 | 85.9 | 115.3 | 21.6 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/0-01 | 74.3 | 83.3 | 78.8 | 107.7 | 19.5 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/BR92 | 74.3 | 105.6 | 90.0 | 103.4 | 28.7 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/NK1 | 74.3 | 86.9 | 80.6 | 101.8 | 23.1 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/3535 | 74.3 | 86.5 | 80.4 | 89.7 | 15.4 | — | — | + | ||
均值 Average | 74.3 | 90.3 | 82.3 | 101.8 | 20.3 | |||||
T检验 T test | * | ns | ** | ns | ||||||
甜高粱 Sweet sorghum | 01-26A/LTR168 | 47.6 | 183.4 | 115.5 | 264.6 | 25.2 | — | — | + | |
7050A/LTR168 | 74.3 | 183.4 | 128.9 | 277.2 | 25.6 | — | — | + | ||
T检验 T test | * | ns | * | ns |
表5
不育系、恢复系及其F1穗柄长遗传效应"
品种类型 Variety type | 组合(母本×父本) Cross(♀×♂) | 穗柄长 Peduncle length (cm) | F1穗柄长 平均值 F1 X(cm) | F1穗柄长 变异系数 CV (%) | F1穗柄长与亲本关联 F1 PL associated with the parent | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
♀ | ♂ | 平均值Average | 小于低亲 PL<PL(Min) | 双亲间 Between parents | 大于高亲 PL> PL(Max) | |||||
01-26A/LNR-4 | 29.7 | 35.5 | 32.6 | 38.1 | 6.5 | — | — | + | ||
粒用 Grain sorghum | 01-26A/3550 | 29.7 | 39.1 | 34.4 | 41.5 | 12.3 | — | — | + | |
01-26A/0-01 | 29.7 | 29.2 | 29.5 | 33.7 | 11.1 | — | — | + | ||
01-26A/BR92 | 29.7 | 32.8 | 31.3 | 38.2 | 7.6 | — | — | + | ||
01-26A/NK1 | 29.7 | 27.4 | 28.6 | 40.9 | 4.8 | — | — | + | ||
01-26A/3535 | 29.7 | 31.6 | 30.7 | 36.5 | 8.5 | — | — | + | ||
均值 Average | 29.7 | 32.6 | 31.2 | 38.2 | 8.5 | |||||
7050A/LNR-4 | 33.1 | 35.5 | 34.3 | 49.7 | 6.5 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/3550 | 33.1 | 39.1 | 36.1 | 40.3 | 8.7 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/0-01 | 33.1 | 29.2 | 31.2 | 36.9 | 11.3 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/BR92 | 33.1 | 32.8 | 33.0 | 46.5 | 7.2 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/NK1 | 33.1 | 27.4 | 30.3 | 40.6 | 6.2 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/3535 | 33.1 | 31.6 | 32.4 | 42.8 | 8.7 | — | — | + | ||
均值 Average | 33.1 | 32.6 | 32.9 | 42.8 | 8.1 | |||||
T检验 T test | ns | ns | * | ns | ||||||
甜高粱 Sweet sorghum | 01-26A/LTR168 | 29.7 | 37.3 | 33.5 | 49.9 | 8.1 | — | — | + | |
7050A/LTR168 | 33.1 | 37.3 | 35.2 | 52.1 | 6.5 | — | — | + | ||
T检验 T test | ns | ns | ns | ns |
表6
不育系、恢复系及其F1穗长遗传效应"
品种类型 Variety type | 组合(母本×父本) Cross (♀×♂) | 穗长 Head length (cm) | F1代穗长 平均值 F1 X (cm) | F1代穗长 变异系数 CV (%) | F1穗长与亲本关联 F1 HL associated with the parent | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
♀ | ♂ | 平均值Average | 小于低亲 HL<HL(Min) | 双亲间 Between parents | 大于高亲 HL> HL(Max) | |||||
01-26A/LNR-4 | 26.2 | 27.6 | 26.9 | 27.9 | 2.1 | — | — | + | ||
粒用 Grain sorghum | 01-26A/3550 | 26.2 | 28.3 | 27.3 | 29.4 | 1.4 | — | + | — | |
01-26A/0-01 | 26.2 | 26.7 | 26.4 | 30.1 | 4.5 | — | — | + | ||
01-26A/BR92 | 26.2 | 24.0 | 25.1 | 27.8 | 5.3 | — | — | + | ||
01-26A/NK1 | 26.2 | 24.8 | 25.4 | 26.1 | 2.9 | — | — | + | ||
01-26A/3535 | 26.2 | 27.4 | 26.7 | 27.9 | 3.2 | — | — | + | ||
均值 Average | 26.2 | 26.5 | 26.3 | 28.2 | 3.2 | |||||
7050A/LNR-4 | 29.3 | 27.6 | 28.5 | 30.8 | 4.2 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/3550 | 29.3 | 28.3 | 28.8 | 30.1 | 2.6 | + | — | — | ||
7050A/0-01 | 29.3 | 26.7 | 28.0 | 33.8 | 3.9 | — | + | — | ||
7050A/BR92 | 29.3 | 24.0 | 26.7 | 29.3 | 7.8 | — | — | + | ||
7050A/NK1 | 29.3 | 24.8 | 27.1 | 35.2 | 5.2 | — | + | — | ||
7050A/3535 | 29.3 | 27.4 | 28.4 | 27.1 | 3.1 | + | — | — | ||
均值 Average | 29.3 | 26.5 | 27.9 | 31.1 | 4.5 | — | + | — | ||
T检验 T test | ns | ns | ns | * | ||||||
甜高粱Sweet sorghum | 01-26A/LTR168 | 26.2 | 26.6 | 26.4 | 27.2 | 3.7 | + | — | — | |
7050A/LTR168 | 29.3 | 26.6 | 27.9 | 26.0 | 2.9 | + | — | — | ||
T检验 T test | ns | ns | ns | * |
表7
茎节相关参数对杂种F1株高遗传的影响"
品种类型 Variety type | 组合(母本×父本) Cross (♀×♂) | 与株高相关系数R Correlation coefficient with plant height R (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
节间长Internode length | 节数 Internode number | ||||||
下层Lower | 中下层Lower middle | 中层Middle | 中上层Up middle | 上层Upper | |||
粒用 Grain sorghum | 01-26A/LNR-4 | 15.3 | 65.2* | 52.6* | 18.7 | 22.3 | 75.3* |
01-26A/3550 | -3.6 | 42.6 | 63.2* | 55.6* | 45.2* | 64.2* | |
01-26A/0-01 | 34.5 | 51.8* | 71.8** | 23.4 | 12.7 | 26.9 | |
01-26A/BR92 | -12.4 | 63.2* | 51.4* | 42.3* | 26.9 | 65.8* | |
01-26A/NK1 | 12.3 | 68.2* | 76.3** | 9.8 | 23.7 | 69.7* | |
01-26A/3535 | 23.5 | 42.3 | 55.2* | 48.5 | 14.3 | 54.8* | |
7050A/LNR-4 | 5.3 | 29.7 | 38.5 | 68.9* | 24.1 | 76.7* | |
7050A/3550 | -2.9 | 15.4 | 25.6 | 45.6* | 82.5** | 72.3* | |
7050A/0-01 | 14.3 | 42.4 | 42.1 | 68.7** | 43.6 | 71.9* | |
7050A/BR92 | 21.6 | 28.5 | 23.6 | 76.3* | 67.1* | 52.3* | |
7050A/NK1 | 12.3 | 9.7 | -9.7 | 77.9** | 69.9** | 88.9** | |
7050A/3535 | 18.5 | 41.2 | 45.3 | 56.2* | 48.7 | 65.3* | |
甜高粱 Sweet sorghum | 01-26A/LTR168 | 8.4 | 31.4 | 55.9* | 75.3** | 42.1 | 61.5* |
7050A/LTR168 | 9.7 | 15.6 | 58.4* | 65.3* | 28.6 | 65.3* |
表8
Dw3检测序号及对应品系/组合"
序号 Serial number | 品系或组合 Line or combination | 基因型 Genotype | 序号 Serial number | 品系或组合 Line or combination | 基因型 Genotype | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | LNR-4 | Dw3Dw3 | 13 | 7050A/LNR-4 | Dw3dw3 | |
2 | 3550 | Dw3Dw3 | 14 | 7050A/BR92 | Dw3dw3 | |
3 | BR92 | Dw3Dw3 | 15 | 7050A/NK1 | dw3dw3 | |
4 | 3535 | dw3dw3 | 16 | 7050A/3535 | dw3dw3 | |
5 | 0-01 | dw3dw3 | 17 | 01-26A | dw3dw3 | |
6 | NK1 | dw3dw3 | 18 | 01-26A/0-01 | dw3dw3 | |
7 | LTR168 | Dw3Dw3 | 19 | 01-26A/NK1 | dw3dw3 | |
8 | 7050A | dw3dw3 | 20 | 01-26A/3550 | Dw3dw3 | |
9 | 7050A/LTR168 | Dw3dw3 | 21 | 01-26A/BR92 | Dw3Dw3 | |
10 | 01-26A/LTR168 | Dw3dw3 | 22 | 01-26A/3535 | dw3dw3 | |
11 | 7050A/0-01 | dw3dw3 | 23 | 01-26A/LNR-4 | Dw3dw3 | |
12 | 7050A/3550 | Dw3dw3 |
表9
矮化基因型及其平均株高"
品系或组合Line or combination | 基因型Genotype | 平均株高Average plant height (cm) |
---|---|---|
LNR-4 | Dw1Dw1Dw2Dw2Dw3Dw3 | 145.3 |
3550 | dw1dw1Dw2Dw2Dw3Dw3 | 164.8 |
BR92 | Dw1Dw1Dw2Dw2Dw3Dw3 | 162.4 |
3535 | Dw1Dw1Dw2Dw2dw3dw3 | 145.5 |
0-01 | Dw1Dw1dw2dw2dw3dw3 | 139.2 |
NK1 | Dw1Dw1Dw2Dw2dw3dw3 | 139.1 |
LTR168 | Dw1Dw1Dw2Dw2Dw3Dw3 | 247.3 |
7050A | Dw1Dw1Dw2Dw2dw3dw3 | 136.7 |
7050A/LTR168 | Dw1Dw1Dw2Dw2Dw3dw3 | 355.3 |
01-26A/LTR168 | Dw1dw1Dw2Dw2Dw3dw3 | 341.7 |
7050A/0-01 | Dw1Dw1Dw2dw2dw3dw3 | 178.4 |
7050A/3550 | Dw1dw1Dw2Dw2Dw3dw3 | 185.7 |
7050A/LNR-4 | Dw1Dw1Dw2Dw2Dw3dw3 | 173.1 |
7050A/BR92 | Dw1Dw1Dw2Dw2Dw3dw3 | 179.2 |
7050A/NK1 | Dw1Dw1Dw2Dw2dw3dw3 | 177.6 |
7050A/3535 | Dw1Dw1Dw2Dw2dw3dw3 | 159.6 |
01-26A | dw1dw1Dw2Dw2dw3dw3 | 103.5 |
01-26A/0-01 | Dw1dw1Dw2dw2dw3dw3 | 141.9 |
01-26A/NK1 | Dw1dw1Dw2Dw2dw3dw3 | 159.7 |
01-26A/3550 | dw1dw1Dw2Dw2Dw3dw3 | 152.5 |
01-26A/BR92 | Dw1dw1Dw2Dw2Dw3Dw3 | 146.6 |
01-26A/3535 | Dw1dw1Dw2Dw2dw3dw3 | 144.8 |
01-26A/LNR-4 | Dw1dw1Dw2Dw2Dw3dw3 | 141.3 |
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