大肠酶对猪饲料酶水解物能值的影响及与非淀粉多糖组分的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.13.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究大肠酶对单胃动物仿生消化系统测试猪饲料原料的体外干物质消化率（DMD）和酶水解物能值（EHGE）的影响，并分析不同大肠酶条件下非淀粉多糖（NSP）组分与DMD和体外总能消化率（GED）的关系，为完善体外模拟胃-小肠-大肠三步消化方法提供参考依据。【方法】采用单因素完全随机设计，共设4个处理，在单胃动物仿生消化系统模拟饲料原料胃和小肠消化后，分别使用对照组（去离子水）、纤维素酶、Viscozyme酶和仿生酶（由纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶和果胶酶组成）模拟大肠阶段的消化。每个处理设5个重复，每个重复1根消化管，分别测定玉米、大豆粕、小麦麸、玉米DDGS、苜蓿草粉和大豆皮的DMD、GED和EHGE。并使用乙酸酐衍生化气相色谱法测定6种饲粮原料NSP含量和组分。分析饲料原料NSP组分与DMD及GED的相关关系。【结果】（1）在对照组中，玉米的DMD最高，达到了81.51 %，相应的EHGE为15.39 MJ·kg^-1，而大豆皮的DMD最低，只有10.60 %，相应的EHGE只有2.42 MJ·kg^-1。（2）3种模拟大肠酶均显著提高了玉米、大豆粕和大豆皮的DMD（P＜0.01），提高了大豆粕和大豆皮的EHGE（P＜0.01）。但纤维素酶作用下苜蓿草粉、玉米DDGS的DMD和EHGE与对照组差异不显著，Viscozyme酶作用下小麦麸、玉米DDGS的DMD和EHGE与对照组差异不显著（P＞0.05）。仿生酶显著提高了6种饲料原料的DMD（P＜0.01），显著提高了除玉米DDGS外的其他5种饲料原料的EHGE（P＜0.01）。（3）不同的大肠酶对不同饲料原料体外消化率的提升程度不同。在6种原料中，纤维素酶对小麦麸的DMD和EHGE提升程度最高，分别达到了5.89 %和1.03 MJ·kg^-1，而只使大豆粕的DMD和EHGE提高了1.26 %和0.36 MJ·kg^-1；Viscozyme酶对大豆皮体外消化率的提升程度最高，分别使其DMD和EHGE提高6.01%和1.02 MJ·kg^-1。仿生酶对小麦麸的DMD和EHGE的提升程度最高，达到了6.59%和1.37 MJ·kg^-1。（4）6种饲料原料的可溶性非淀粉多糖（SNSP）的含量均低于不溶性非淀粉多糖（INSP），玉米的总非淀粉多糖（TNSP）含量最低（8.59%），大豆皮的TNSP含量最高（75.72%），各原料的NSP主要由阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖组成，但不同原料中4种单糖含量存在差异。（5）6种饲料原料的SNSP、INSP以及TNSP含量与DMD、GED均呈显著的负相关（P＜0.05）。仿生酶作用下DMD与TNSP含量的相关性（R ²=0.95, P＜0.01）高于纤维素酶（R ²=0.94, P＜0.01）和Viscozyme酶（R ²=0.93, P＜0.01）。同时，仿生酶作用下GED与TNSP含量的相关性（R ²=0.89, P＜0.01）也高于纤维素酶（R ²=0.86, P＜0.01）和Viscozyme酶（R ²=0.81, P＜0.01）。【结论】仿生酶在体外模拟猪大肠消化过程中，对饲料的消化作用优于纤维素酶和Viscozyme酶，可作为单胃动物仿生消化系统体外模拟猪消化中大肠阶段的模拟消化酶。

关键词: 体外法, 大肠酶, 非淀粉多糖, 消化率, 酶水解物能值, 单胃动物仿生消化系统

Abstract: 【Objective】The effects of different simulated hindgut enzymes on the in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) and enzyme hydrolysate gross energy (EHGE) of feedstuffs were determined using a computer-controlled simulated digestion system (SDS), and the correlation between non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) content and in vitro gross energy digestibility (GED) of feed ingredients were also analyzed to provide reference for in vitro method to simulate digestion in the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. 【Method】After the simulated digestion in the stomach and small intestine of 6 feed ingredients, 4 groups including 3 simulated hindgut enzymes (cellulase, Viscozyme and bionic enzyme) and the control with deionized water were used to stimulate the hindgut digestion with a SDS. Bionic enzymes included cellulase, xylase, β-glucanase and pectinase. Each treatment contained 5 replicates with 1 digestion tube per replicate, the DMD, GED and EHGE of corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, corn DDGS, alfalfa and soybean hull were determined. The NSP contents of these feed ingredients were measured using a gas-liquid chromatography with aiditol acetates derivatives and were also related with DMD and GED. 【Result】 The DMD (81.51 %) and EHGE (15.39 MJ·kg^-1) of corn were the highest in all ingredients, whereas the DMD (10.60 % ) and EHGE (2.42 MJ·kg^-1) of soybean hull were the lowest in the 6 feedstuffs. The DMD of corn, soybean meal and soybean hull and the EHGE of soybean meal and soybean hull were greater in the 3 simulated hindgut enzymes than in the control group (P＜0.01). The DMD and EHGE of alfalfa and DDGS were not affected by the inclusion of cellulase and the DMD and EHGE of wheat bran and DDGS were also not affected by the inclusion of Viscozyme (P＞0.05). The DMD of 6 feedstuffs and the EHGE of 6 feedstuffs with the exception of DDGS were increased with the bionic enzyme to simulate digestion in the hindgut (P＜0.01). The promotion degree of simulated hindgut enzymes on the DMD and EHGE were varied with feedstuffs. In the cellulase group, the increased DMD and EHGE were greatest in the wheat bran by 5.89% and 1.03 MJ·kg^-1, whereas were the lowest in the soybean meal by 1.26% and 0.36 MJ·kg^-1, respectively. The increasing DMD and EHGE in the Viscozyme group were the greatest in the soybean hull by 6.01% and 1.02 MJ·kg^-1, respectively, and the DMD and EHGE in the bionic enzyme group were the greatest in wheat bran by 6.59% and 1.37 MJ·kg^-1, respectively. The soluble NSP content was less than the insoluble NSP of 6 feedstuffs. Total NSP content of corn was the lowest (8.59%), whereas the total NSP content of soybean hull was the highest (75.72%). The main components of NSP included arabinose, xylose, mannose and glucose, but the 4 monosaccharide content varied in the feed ingredients. The NSP content was negatively related with the DMD, GED of feedstuffs (P＜0.05).The relationship between the DMD and TNSP contents of the 6 feedstuffs in the bionic enzyme group (R²=0.95, P＜0.01) was higher than in the cellulase group (R²=0.94, P＜0.01) and in the Viscozyme group (R²=0.93, P＜0.01). The relationship between the GED and TNSP contents of the 6 feedstuffs in the bionic enzyme group (R²=0.89, P＜0.01) was also higher than in the cellulase group (R²=0.86, P＜0.01) and in the Viscozyme group (R²=0.81, P＜0.01). 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, the inclusion of bionic enzyme to simulate hindgut digestion has a significant effect on the in vitro energy digestion of feedstuffs than the inclusion of cellulase and Viscozyme. The bionic enzyme can be used to simulate the hindgut digestion using the SDS.

Key words: in vitro, hindgut enzyme, non-starch polysaccharide, digestibility, enzyme hydrolysate gross energy, simulated digestion system

高理想，陈亮，黄庆华，钟儒清，张立兰，张宏福. 大肠酶对猪饲料酶水解物能值的影响及与非淀粉多糖组分的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(13): 2612-2621.

GAO Li-xiang, CHEN Liang, HUANG Qing-hua, ZHONG Ru-qing, ZHANG Li-lan, ZHANG Hong-fu. Effects of Hindgut Enzyme on the Enzyme Hydrolysate Gross Energy of Feedstuffs and Correlation Between Non-Starch Polysaccharides and in vitro Energy Digestibility[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(13): 2612-2621.

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